Overview of top pharma IP performances 2013

Overview of top pharma IP
performances
Patent survey 2013
Copyrights © KnowMade SARL. All rights reserved Patent Survey-2013
KnowMade

Table of Content
2Copyrights © KnowMade SARL. All rights reserved Patent Survey-2013KnowMade
Summary
Objectives and methodology
Definitions
Overview of top pharma’s IP
Companies Focus
Focus on Astellas Pharma
Focus on Bristol-Myers Squibb
Focus on Gilead Sciences
Focus on Takeda Pharma
Focus on Johnson & Johnson
Focus on Novartis
Focus on Abbott Laboratories
Focus on Mylan
Focus on AstraZeneca
Focus on Teva
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Focus on Sanofi
Focus on GlaxoSmithKline
Focus on Daiichi-Sankyo
Focus on Pfizer
Focus on Eisai
Focus on Eli Lilly
Focus on Otsuka Pharmaceutical
Focus on Hoffmann-La Roche
Focus on Boehringer-Ingelheim
Focus on Merck Sharp & Dohme
Focus on Bayer HealthCare
Revenues/Patent Strength: a performance indicator
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Summary
Copyrights © KnowMade SARL. All rights reserved Patent Survey-2013 3KnowMade
The aim of this report is to provide an overview of the IP performances of top 20 pharmaceutical
companies. Patent activity is certainly an important factor to describe the innovative power of a company,
but is not solely decisive. The patent quality and patent strength (sum of the ‘‘patent activity’’ and the
‘‘patent quality”) are also significant. In this report, patent activity, patent quality and patent strength were
determined for each selected pharmaceutical companies.
Our results show that the patent activity of Merck Sharp & Dohme is the highest among the companies
under consideration. This is indicated by the highest number of patent families (NPF=24785). The patent
quality of Astellas Pharma is the highest among selected companies. This is characterized by the highest
share of granted patents (54%) and an elevated citation ratio (5.63). Bayer HealthCare has the lowest
patent quality. This is illustrated by a very low share of granted patents (20%) and the lowest citation ratio
(2.44). The patent activity of Mylan is very low compared to the other selected companies. This is caused
by a small number of patents per family (SPF=4.82) and the smaller patent portfolio (NPF=281).
Novartis, Merck Sharp & Dohme and Roche have the highest patent strength. Otsuka Pharmaceutical, EISAI
and Daiichi-Sankyo have the lowest patent strength. Otsuka Pharmaceutical and Eisai show typical
behavior of lot of Japanese companies: their patent applications are mainly restricted to Japan.
In regards of their patent portfolios, Johnson & Johnsons, Pfizer, Sanofi, GSK and Otsuka have high
Patents/Revenues performances in 2012, and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Astellas, Gilead and Mylan have low
Patents/Revenues performances.

Objectives and methodology
Copyrights © KnowMade SARL. All rights reserved Patent Survey-2013 4
Objectives:
The aim of this report is to provide an overview of the IP performances of top 20 pharmaceutical companies by 2012
Revenues.
Database used
Questel-Orbit FAMPAT databases were used for conducting all the keyword searches. The FamPat database
provides comprehensive family coverage of worldwide patent publications:
• 60+ million patent documents from 92 worldwide patenting authorities
• Dating back to the 19th century for major countries
Tools used for statistical analysis:
•Scope’s internally developed tools including macros
•MS-Excel
•MS-PowerPoint
Assumptions
Searches were conducted on May 17, 2013 hence patents published/granted after this date will not be available in the
deliverable. The term 'Patent' has been used as a collective term for Patents and Published Applications. The number of
patent family members indicates the number of inventions filed by a company. It will not include the count of
continuation/divisional/continuation-in part patents/patent applications filed for a single invention in various countries. For
Legal Status of EP/WO Patents/Published Applications EPO Register Plus has been used and for US Patents/Published
Applications USPTO PAIR has been used. For other patents, information has been captured from their respective national
registers wherever it was available.
KnowMade

Definitions
Number of Patent Families (NPF) :
NPF is the total number of patent families currently owned by a company. Despite quality considerations, it is still
reasonable to assume that the number of patent families positively affects firm performance. Large patent portfolios not
only indicate stronger efforts in R&D activities and therefore a higher innovative output. Large patent portfolios are also
strategically useful, for example, to block competitors (Blind et al. 2006). Additionally, larger patent portfolios increase the
chance for licensing agreements or trade with other firms and can also be used to prevent smaller potential competitors
from entering relevant markets. Furthermore, patent output can be seen as a positive signal to the market (Neuhäusler et
al. 2011). NPF is an indicator of the patent activity of a company.
Size of Patent Families (SPF) :
SPF represents the average number of countries in which protection is sought for the same invention. Given the costs
required to file and enforce patents in many countries, only those with sufficient expected value to their owners will be
extended abroad, denoting an expected market for the patented technology (N. van Zeebroeck 2009). SPF is an indicator of
the patent activity of a company.
Share of Granted Patents (SGP) :
A patent will only be granted if the technological invention consists of new technological elements. A granted patent can
be seen as more valuable than a non-granted patent as it has met the criteria of novelty, technological height and
commercial applicability. Therefore, a granted patent is believed to be of higher technological capacity than the mere
patent application (Basberg, 1987). A larger share of granted patent leads to an increase in market value and profit of firms
Here, the share of granted patents is measured as the number of patent families containing at least one granted patent.
The share of granted patent is an indicator of the patent quality of a company.
KnowMade

Definitions
Citation Ratio (Cit-Ratio) :
The number of citations received by a patent in subsequent patent documents can be viewed as a sign for an economically
important invention (Albert et al.. 1991; Narin et al.. 1987). A larger average number of forward citations per patent has a
positive effect on firm performance in terms of market value and ROI (Neuhäusler et al. 2011). Here, we take the citation
ratio which measures the number of patent citations over the number of patent families. It reflects the mean number of
citations received by the patent family. The citation ratio is an indicator of the patent quality of a company.
Number of European Patent Opposition filed by the company (NEPO) :
The opposition procedure before the European Patent Office (EPO) is a post-grant, contentious, inter partes, administrative
procedure intended to allow any European patent to be centrally opposed. This happens often when some prior art was
not found during the grant procedure, but was only known by third parties. NEPO is an indicator of the “IP aggressivity” of a
company.
KnowMade

Definitions
Patent activity
Patent activity is calculated as an index, which consists of the sum of relative measures for each of the above described
individual indicators of patent activity. i.e., the number of patent families filed (NPF) and the mean size of patent families
(SPF). Relative values are calculated by relating the respective indicator of patent activity for each company to its mean
value over all 20 big pharma companies.
Patent activity per firms = (number of patent families per firm / mean number of patent families over all 20 firms) + (mean
size of patent families per firm/ mean size of patent families over all 20 firms).
Patent quality
Patent quality is calculated as an index, which consists of the sum of relative measures for each of the above described
individual indicators of patent quality. i.e., the share of granted patents (SGP) and the citation ratio (Cit-Ratio). Relative
values are calculated by relating the respective indicator of patent quality for each company to its mean value over all 20
big pharma companies.
Patent quality per firms = (share of granted patents per firm / mean share of granted patents over all 20 firms) + (cite ratio
per firm/ cit ratio over all 20 firms).
Patent Strength
The overall ‘‘Patent Strength’’ of a company is defined as the sum of the ‘‘Patent Activity’’ and the ‘‘Patent Quality’’.
Patent Strength = Patent activity + Patent quality
KnowMade

Green: Higher score
Red : Lower score
Companies NPF SPF SGP Cit-Ratio NEPO Patent Activity Patent Quality Patent Strength
Abbott Laboratories (US) 11307 4.45 37% 5.35 127 0.30 0.39 0.69
Astellas (JP) 1143 7.10 54% 5.63 6 -0.64 0.94 0.30
AstraZeneca (UK-SE) 5393 8.65 48% 3.71 50 0.20 0.28 0.48
Bayer Healtcare (US) 11823 5.34 20% 2.44 46 0.52 -0.83 -0.31
Boehringer-Ingelheim (DE) 8722 5.73 26% 2.53 128 0.16 -0.63 -0.47
Bristol-Myers Squibb (US) 5854 6.62 47% 6.46 28 -0.08 0.93 0.85
Daiichi-Sankyo (JP) 831 6.31 42% 2.52 4 -0.82 -0.18 -1.00
EISAI (JP) 3292 3.69 29% 3.43 10 -0.93 -0.32 -1.25
Eli Lilly (US) 9061 5.71 20% 3.57 52 0.20 -0.56 -0.35
Gilead Sciences (US) 828 6.75 51% 5.09 2 -0.75 0.71 -0.04
GlaxoSmithKline (UK) 4675 5.72 29% 4.14 40 -0.39 -0.14 -0.53
Johnson & Johnson (US) 9134 6.06 37% 5.47 57 0.27 0.40 0.67
Merck Sharp & Dohme (US) 24785 3.86 17% 3.04 13 2.04 -0.76 1.28
Mylan (US) 261 4.82 36% 5.16 3 -1.15 0.31 -0.84
Novartis (CH) 10109 7.57 48% 4.36 177 0.66 0.45 1.11
Otsuka Pharmaceutical (JP) 3404 3.26 26% 2.76 9 -0.98 -0.59 -1.57
Pfizer (US) 12677 6.81 24% 4.16 69 0.88 -0.28 0.60
Roche (CH) 20447 4.85 23% 3.04 254 1.62 -0.58 1.04
Sanofi (FR) 6520 8.08 39% 3.27 152 0.26 -0.07 0.19
Takeda Pharma (JP) 1853 6.02 46% 4.88 0 -0.73 0.52 -0.21
Teva (IS) 1451 6.81 43% 3.23 133 -0.65 0.02 -0.63
Mean 7313 5.91 35% 4.01 65 0.00 0.00 0.00
NPF: Number of Patent Families
SPF: Size of Patent Families
SGP: Share of Granted Patents
Cit-Ratio: Citation Ratio
NEPO: Number of European Patent Opposition filed by the company

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Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Otsuka Pharmaceutical
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Bristol-Myers SquibbAstellas
Boehringer-Ingelheim
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Low activity / Low quality
Low activity / High quality High activity / High quality
High activity / Low quality
Average of over all 20 firms
Red : Aggressive companies with high NEPO
Blue: Low aggressive companies with low NEPO
Roche

COMPANIES FOCUS

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Focus on Astellas Pharma
Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: Astellas Pharma Inc. is a Japanese pharmaceutical company, formed on 1 April 2005 from the merger of Yamanouchi
Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Astellas' franchise areas are urology, immunology (transplantation),
dermatology, cardiology and infectious disease. Priority areas for R&D are infectious diseases, diabetes, gastrointestinal diseases, oncology,
and diseases of the central nervous system. The patent quality of Astellas Pharma is the highest among the companies under consideration.
This is indicated by the highest share of granted patents (54%) and an elevated citation ratio (5.63). Astellas Pharma Inc. does not have
many patents (NPF=1143) compared to other companies, but it has a large number of patent per family (SPF=7.10). The high number of
patents per family shows that Astellas has adopted a worldwide IP strategy. The IP strategy of Astellas currently belongs to the Low
activity/High quality category.

Focus on Bristol-Myers Squibb
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Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: Bristol-Myers Squibb is a pharmaceutical company, headquartered in New York City. The company was formed in 1989,
following the merger of its predecessors Bristol-Myers and the Squibb Corporation. Bristol-Myers Squibb manufactures prescription
pharmaceuticals in several therapeutic areas, including cancer, HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis
and psychiatric disorders. The patent quality of Bristol-Myers Squibb is very high. This is indicated by the high share of granted patents
(47%) and the highest citation ratio (6.46). A reason for that might be that the protective rights were applied for very early, and due to this
Bristol-Myers Squibb was able to obtain basic protective rights with a broad extent of protection, which are limiting all further inventions in
this area. Moreover, the patent activity of Bristol-Myers Squibb is close to the average of the selected companies. The number of patent
per family is high (SPF=6.62), which compensate for the relatively low number of patent families (NPF=5854). The IP strategy of Bristol-
Myers Squibb currently belongs to the Low activity/High quality category.

Focus on Gilead Sciences
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Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: Gilead Sciences is an American biotechnology company that discovers, develops and commercializes therapeutics. The
company was founded in 1987. Gilead concentrated primarily on antiviral drugs to treat patients infected with HIV, hepatitis B, or
influenza. In 2006, Gilead acquired two companies that were developing drugs to treat patients with pulmonary diseases. Headquartered
and founded in Foster City, California, Gilead has operations in North America, Europe and Australia. The patent quality of Gilead Sciences
is high. This is indicated by the high share of granted patents (51%) and a good citation ratio (5.09). Gilead Sciences has an elevated
number of patent per family (SPF=6.75) but the number of patent families is very low (NPF=828) compared to other companies, which
reduces its patent activity. The IP strategy of Gilead Sciences currently belongs to the Low activity/High quality category.

Focus on Takeda Pharma
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Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: Takeda Pharmaceutical Company is the largest pharmaceutical company in Japan and Asia and a top 15 pharmaceutical
company. The company was founded in 1781. Takeda Pharmaceutical is focused on metabolic disorders, gastroenterology, neurology or
inflammation. Its headquarters is located in Chuo-ku, Osaka, and it has an office in Nihonbashi, Chuo, Tokyo. Takeda Pharmaceutical has a
good patent quality. This is indicated by the significant share of granted patents (46%) and a good citation ratio (4.88). The number of
patent per family of Takeda Pharmaceutical is very close to the average (SPF=6.02) and the number of patent families is low (NPF=1853)
compared to other companies, which reduces its patent activity. However, 41% of patent families were filed in the triad of Europe, the
USA, and Japan, which hints that to these patents are attached a high degree of technical and strategic significance in all of these markets
(Average of selected companies is 27%). Takeda is the only company of this report that has not filed European patent opposition. The IP
strategy of Takeda currently belongs to the Low activity/High quality category.

Focus on Johnson & Johnson
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Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: Johnson & Johnson is an American multinational medical devices, pharmaceutical and consumer packaged goods manufacturer
founded in 1886. Johnson & Johnson is headquartered in New Brunswick, New Jersey with the consumer division being located in
Skillman, New Jersey. The corporation includes some 250 subsidiary companies with operations in over 57 countries and products sold in
over 175 countries. Johnson & Johnson has a good patent quality. This is indicated by an elevated citation ratio (5.47). The share of granted
patents is very close to the average of selected companies (37%). The patent activity of Johnson & Johnson is also good. Indeed, the
number of patent families is high (NPF=9134) and the number of patent per family is very close to the average (SPF=6.06). The IP strategy
of Johnson & Johnson appears to be strong and currently belongs to the High activity/High quality category.

Focus on Novartis
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Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: Novartis International AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical company based in Basel, Switzerland. Novartis was created in
1996 from the merger of Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz Laboratories, both Swiss companies with long histories. Novartis manufactures such drugs
as clozapine, diclofenac, carbamazepine, valsartan and imatinib mesylate. Additional agents include cyclosporin, letrozole,
methylphenidate, terbinafine, and others. The patent quality of Novartis is high. This is indicated by the high share of granted patents
(48%) and a good citation ratio (4.36). The patent activity of Novartis is also good. The number of patent families and the number of patent
per family are very high (NPF=10109, SPF=7.57). The high number of patents per family shows that Novartis has adopted a worldwide IP
strategy. Novartis is one of the most aggressive companies (NEPO=177). The IP strategy of Novartis appears to be very strong and currently
belongs to the High activity/High quality category.

Focus on Abbott Laboratories
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Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: Abbott Laboratories is an American global pharmaceuticals and health care products company. The company was founded in
1888. Abbott Laboratories headquarters are in Abbott Park, North Chicago, Illinois. The company's drug portfolio includes Humira, a drug
for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, moderate to severe chronic psoriasis and juvenile
idiopathic arthritis; Norvir, a treatment for HIV; Depakote, an anticonvulsant drug; and Synthroid, a synthetic thyroid hormone. Abbott also
has a broad range of medical devices, diagnostics and immunoassay products as well as nutritional products. The characteristics of the
patent portfolio of Abbott are very close to the characteristics of the patent portfolio of Johnson & Johnson. Abbott has a good patent
quality. This is indicated by an elevated citation ratio (5.35). The share of granted patents is very close to the average of selected
companies (37%). The patent activity of Abbott is also good. The number of patent families is high (NPF=11307), but the number of
patents per family is low (SPF=4.45). Abbott is one of the most aggressive companies (NEPO=127). The IP strategy of Abbott appears to be
strong and currently belongs to the High activity/High quality category.

Focus on Mylan
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Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: Mylan Inc. is a global generic and specialty pharmaceuticals company headquartered in Cecil Township, Pennsylvania. The
company was founded in 1961. Mylan acquired a controlling interest in India-based Matrix Laboratories Limited, a top producer of active
pharmaceutical ingredients for generic drugs, and the generics business of Germany-based Merck KGaA. Through these acquisitions,
Mylan has grown from the third largest generic and pharmaceuticals company in the U.S. to the third largest generic and specialty
pharmaceuticals company in the world. The patent activity of Mylan is very low compared to the other selected companies. This is
indicated by a small number of patents per family (SPF=4.82) and the smaller patent portfolio (NPF=261). However Mylan has a good
patent quality, especially with an elevated citation ratio (5.16). The share of granted patents is equal to the average of selected companies
(36%). As lot of generic pharmaceutical companies, the IP strategy of Mylan currently belongs to the Low activity/High quality category.

Focus on AstraZeneca
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Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: AstraZeneca plc is a British-Swedish multinational pharmaceutical and biologics company headquartered in London, United
Kingdom. The company was founded in 1999. It has a portfolio of products for major disease areas including cancer, cardiovascular,
gastrointestinal, infection, neuroscience, respiratory and inflammation. AstraZeneca has a good patent quality. This is indicated by a very
high share of granted patents (48%), which compensate for the low citation ration (3.71). The patent activity of AstraZeneca is also good.
The number of patent per family is the highest (SPF=8.65), which compensate for the relatively low number of patent families (NPF=5393).
The high number of patents per family shows that AstraZeneca has adopted a worldwide IP strategy. Moreover, 43% of patent families
were filed in the triad of Europe, the USA, and Japan, which hints that to these patents are attached a high degree of technical and
strategic significance in all of these markets (Average of selected companies is 27%). The IP strategy of AstraZeneca currently belongs to
the High activity/High quality category.

Focus on Teva
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Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd is an international pharmaceutical company headquartered in Petah Tikva, Israel. The
company was founded in 1901. It specializes in generic and proprietary pharmaceuticals and active pharmaceutical ingredients. The patent
quality of Teva is very close to the average of the selected companies. The share of granted patents is high (43%), which compensate for
the relatively low citation ratio (3.23). Teva has an elevated number of patent per family (SPF=6.81) but the number of patent families is
low (NPF=1451) compared to other companies, which reduces its patent activity. Teva is one of the most aggressive companies
(NEPO=133). As lot of generic pharmaceutical companies, the IP strategy of Teva currently belongs to the Low activity/High quality
category.

Focus on Sanofi
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Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: Sanofi S.A. is a French multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Paris, France, the world's fourth-largest by
prescription sales. The company was formed as Sanofi-Aventis in 2004 by the merger of Aventis and Sanofi-Synthélabo. Sanofi engages in
the research and development, manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical products for sale principally in the prescription market,
but the firm also develops over-the-counter medication. The company covers 7 major therapeutic areas: cardiovascular, central nervous
system, diabetes, internal medicine, oncology, thrombosis and vaccines. The patent activity of Sanofi is good. The number of patent per
family is high (SPF=8.08), which compensate for the relatively low number of patent families (NPF=6520). The high number of patents per
family shows that Sanofi has adopted a worldwide IP strategy. The patent quality of Sanofi is slightly inferior to the average of the selected
companies. The share of granted patents is slightly superior to the average (39%), but the citation ratio is low (3.27). Sanofi is one of the
most aggressive companies (NEPO=152). The IP strategy of Sanofi currently belongs to the High activity/Low quality category.

Focus on GlaxoSmithKline
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Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: GlaxoSmithKline plc (GSK) is a British multinational pharmaceutical, biologics, vaccines and consumer healthcare company
headquartered in London, United Kingdom. The company was founded in 1999. GSK has a portfolio of products for major disease areas
including asthma, cancer, virus control, infections, mental health, diabetes and digestive conditions. It also has a large consumer
healthcare division that produces and markets oral healthcare and nutritional products, drinks and over-the-counter medicines. The patent
quality of GSK is inferior to the average of the selected companies. The share of granted patents is low (29%) but the citation ratio is
slightly superior to the average (4.14). Moreover, the patent activity of GSK is slightly low compared to the average. This is indicated by a
small number of patents per family (SPF=5.72) and a relatively small patent portfolio (NPF=4675). The IP strategy of GSK currently belongs
to the Low activity/Low quality category.

Focus on Daiichi-Sankyo
-1,00
-0,80
-0,60
-0,40
-0,20
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
-2,10 -1,10 -0,10 0,90 1,90
Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. is a global pharmaceutical company and the second largest pharmaceutical company in Japan. Daiichi
Sankyo was established in 2005 through the merger of Sankyo Co., Ltd. and Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Its headquarter is based in
Tokyo. While maintaining its portfolio of marketed pharmaceuticals for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and bacterial infections, Daiichi
Sankyo is engaged in the development of treatments for thrombotic disorders and focused on the discovery of novel oncology and
cardiovascular-metabolic therapies. The patent quality of Daiichi Sankyo is relatively low. The share of granted patents is good (42%), but
the citation ratio is very low (2.52) compared to the other companies. Moreover, the patent activity of Daiichi Sankyo is low compared to
the other selected companies. The number of patents per family is good (SPF=6.31) but its patent portfolio is very small (NPF=831). The IP
strategy of Daiichi Sankyo currently belongs to the Low activity/Low quality category.

Focus on Pfizer
-1,00
-0,80
-0,60
-0,40
-0,20
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
-2,10 -1,10 -0,10 0,90 1,90
Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: Pfizer, Inc. is an American multinational pharmaceutical corporation headquartered in New York City, and with its research
headquarters in Groton, Connecticut. Pfizer was founded in New York City in 1849 as a manufacturer of fine chemicals. Pfizer develops and
produces medicines and vaccines for a wide range of conditions including in the areas of immunology and inflammation, oncology,
cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, neuroscience and pain. Pfizer, as the third most active company within this sample (NPF=12677 and
SPF=6.81), does hold a large number of patents, which are of higher quality compared to Roche. This is illustrated by higher share of
granted patents (24%) and a good citation ratio (4.16). Pfizer is one of the aggressive companies (NEPO=69). The IP strategy of Pfizer
currently belongs to the High activity/Low quality category.

Focus on Eisai
-1,00
-0,80
-0,60
-0,40
-0,20
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
-2,10 -1,10 -0,10 0,90 1,90
Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: Eisai Co., Ltd. is a Japanese pharmaceutical company. Eisai Co., Ltd. is based in Tokyo, Japan. The company was founded in 1936.
Eisai operates in two business segments. The Pharmaceutical segment is engaged in the research, development, manufacturing and sale of
drugs for pharmaceutical, over-the-counter and diagnostic uses. The others segment manufactures and sells food additives, chemicals and
medicine manufacturing equipment. The patent quality of Eisai is low. The share of granted patents is low (29%), and the citation ratio is
also low (3.43) compared to the other companies. Moreover, the patent activity of Eisai is low compared to the other selected companies.
This is indicated by a small number of patents per family (SPF=3.69) and a relatively small patent portfolio (NPF=3292). The small number
of patents per family shows that Eisai has adopted a local IP strategy, mainly in Japan (and recently in US and Europe). The IP strategy of
Eisai does not appear to be very strong and currently belongs to the Low activity/Low quality category.

Focus on Eli Lilly
-1,00
-0,80
-0,60
-0,40
-0,20
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
-2,10 -1,10 -0,10 0,90 1,90
Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: Eli Lilly and Company is an American global pharmaceutical company with headquarters located in Indianapolis, Indiana, in the
United States. The company was founded in 1876. Among other specialties, Lilly was the first company to mass-produce penicillin, the Salk
polio vaccine, and insulin, including one of the first pharmaceutical companies to produce human insulin using recombinant DNA. Lilly is
also the world's largest manufacturer and distributor of psychiatric medications. The patent activity of Eli Lilly is good. The number of
patent families is high (NPF=9061), which compensate for the slightly low number of patents per family (SPF=5.71). However the patent
quality of Eli Lilly is low. The share of granted patents is very low (20%), and the citation ratio is slightly low (3.57) compared to the other
companies. The IP strategy of Eli Lilly currently belongs to the High activity/Low quality category.

Focus on Otsuka Pharmaceutical
-1,00
-0,80
-0,60
-0,40
-0,20
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
-2,10 -1,10 -0,10 0,90 1,90
Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. is a pharmaceutical company headquartered in Tokyo, Osaka and Naruto, Japan. The company
was established in 1964. The company focuses on pharmaceuticals related to nutrition. The patent quality of Otsuka is low. The share of
granted patents is low (26%), and the citation ratio is very low (2.76) compared to the other companies. Moreover, the patent activity of
Otsuka is very low compared to the other selected companies. This is indicated by the smaller number of patents per family (SPF=3.26)
and the relatively small patent portfolio (NPF=3404). The small number of patents per family shows that Otsuka has adopted a local IP
strategy, mainly in Japan. The IP strategy of Otsuka does not appear to be very strong and currently belongs to the Low activity/Low quality
category.

Focus on Hoffmann-La Roche
-1,00
-0,80
-0,60
-0,40
-0,20
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
-2,10 -1,10 -0,10 0,90 1,90
Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. is a Swiss global health-care company that operates worldwide under two divisions: Pharmaceuticals
and Diagnostics. The company was established in 1896. F. Hoffmann-La Roche headquarters are located in Basel and the company has
many pharmaceutical and diagnostic sites around the world. The patent activity of F. Hoffmann-La Roche is good. The number of patent
families is very high (NPF=20447), which compensate for the relatively low number of patents per family (SPF=4.85). However, the patent
quality of F. Hoffmann-La Roche is very low. The share of granted patents is very low (23%), and the citation ratio is also very low (3.04)
compared to the other companies. A closer analysis shows that the patent portfolio of Roche is old and a lot of patents are expired.
However F. Hoffmann-La Roche is the most aggressive company with 254 European patent oppositions filed. The IP strategy of F.
Hoffmann-La Roche currently belongs to the High activity/Low quality category.

Focus on Boehringer-Ingelheim
-1,00
-0,80
-0,60
-0,40
-0,20
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
-2,10 -1,10 -0,10 0,90 1,90
Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: Boehringer Ingelheim was founded in 1885 in Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany. Still headquartered in Ingelheim, it operates
globally with 140 affiliates and more than 46,000 employees. The company's key assets of interest are: respiratory disease, cardiovascular
disease, Parkinson's disease, HIV, thromboembolic disease, cerebrovascular disease, oncology, diabetes and hepatitis. The patent activity
of Boehringer Ingelheim is good. The number of patent families is high (NPF=8722), which compensates for the slightly low number of
patents per family (SPF=5.73). However the patent quality of Boehringer Ingelheim is low. The share of granted patents is low (26%) and
the citation ratio is also low (2.53) compared to the other companies. Boehringer Ingelheim is one of the most aggressive companies
(NEPO=128). The IP strategy of Boehringer Ingelheim currently belongs to the High activity/Low quality category.

Focus on Merck Sharp & Dohme
-1,00
-0,80
-0,60
-0,40
-0,20
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
-2,10 -1,10 -0,10 0,90 1,90
Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD) is an American pharmaceutical company. The company was established in 1891 as the United
States subsidiary of the German company now known as Merck KGaA. MSD discovers, develops, manufactures and markets a broad range
of products to improve human and animal health, directly and through its joint ventures. The patent activity of MSD is the highest among
the companies under consideration. This is indicated by the highest number of patent families (NPF=24785). The number of patent families
owned by MSD is two times higher than Pfizer. However, the number of patent per family of MSD is very low (SPF=3.86). The patent quality
of MSD is very low. The share of granted patents is the lower (17%), and the citation ratio is very low (3.04) compared to the other
companies. A closer analysis shows that the patent portfolio of MSD is old and a lot of patents are expired. The IP strategy of MSD

Focus on Bayer HealthCare
-1,00
-0,80
-0,60
-0,40
-0,20
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
-2,10 -1,10 -0,10 0,90 1,90
Mylan
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
EISAI
Sanofi
Novartis
Pfizer
GSK
Eli Lilly
Bayer Healthcare
Takeda Pharma
Gilead Sciences
Merck
AstraZeneca
Abbott
Johnson & Johnson
Patent activity
Patentquality
Roche
Comment: Bayer AG is a German chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in Barmen (today a part of Wuppertal), Germany in
1863. It is headquartered in Leverkusen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Bayer HealthCare is Bayer's pharmaceutical and medical
products subgroup. It is involved in the research, development, manufacture and marketing of products that aim to improve the health of
people and animals. Bayer HealthCare comprises a further four subdivisions: Bayer Schering Pharma, Bayer Consumer Care, Bayer Animal
Health and Bayer Medical Care. Bayer HealthCare has the lowest patent quality. This is illustrated by a very low share of granted patents
(20%) and the lowest citation ratio (2.44). A closer analysis shows that a lot of patents are lapsed (renewal fees not payed or no activity in
the office for a significant period of time). However, the patent activity of Bayer HealthCare is good. The number of patent families is very
high (NPF=11823), which compensates for the relatively low number of patents per family (SPF=5.34). The IP strategy of Bayer HealthCare

Revenues/Patent Strength: a performance indicator
R² = 0,475
0
20
40
60
80
-2 -1 0 1 2
Astellas
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Gilead
Takeda
Roche
Merck
Pfizer Novartis
Abbott
Mylan
GSK
Otsuka
EISAI
Sanofi
Boehringer
Johnson & Johnson
Eli Lilly
Teva
Daiichi-Sankyo
Bayer
AstraZeneca
Patent Strength
2012 Revenues
($Billion)
High performance
Low performance
Comment: This graph shows the correlation between 2012 revenues of selected companies and patent strength. Merck, Novartis and
Roche have the highest Patent Strength and their revenues are comprised between 40 and 60 Billion dollars. In contrast, Otsuka, EISAI and
Daiichi-Sankyo have the smallest Patent Strength and their revenues are comprised between 5 and 15 Billion dollars. Revenues are
significantly correlated to patent strength. In regards of their patent portfolios, Johnson & Johnsons, Pfizer, Sanofi, GSK and Otsuka have
the highest performances in 2012. Despite its weak Patent Strength, Otsuka generates as much revenues as Bristol-Myers Squibb, thus an
important part of revenues of Otsuka does not seem to be related to its patents portfolio. Bristol-Myers Squibb, Astellas, Gilead and Mylan
have the lowest performances. Note that Bristol-Myers Squibb has recently lost strategic patents, such as Plavix or Avapro. Aggressive
companies (red color) have in majority a higher performance than the companies with a lower aggressiveness (bleu color).

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