The document presents the kLab and kGeo-Algorithm methods for analyzing drilling cuttings to obtain reservoir performance properties. kLab uses several analytical tests on cuttings including digital fluorescence analysis, digital geological analysis, and hydrocarbon analysis. kGeo-Algorithm accepts kLab output and calculates petrophysical parameters through inversion algorithms. A case study demonstrates calculating matrix density from mineral densities and quantities. kLab can reproduce conventional well logs and provide additional data on reservoir multi-flow parameters and fracability.
1. Presented on GCAGS 2015 in
Houston.
Drilling Cutting Analysis and Geo-
Algorithm Conversion to
Petrophysics
Authors: Konstandinos Zamfes M.Sc,
Authors: Konstandinos Zamfes M.Sc, Chris
Smart M.Sc, Neville Henry, Eldar Hasanov M.Sc,
Steve Zamfes PGeol.
2. Cutting Analysis and Geo-Algorithm to Petrophysics
Abstract: The distributed properties analysis in petrophysics is based on the individual components properties and
widely applied. This method of using kLab mineralogical and reservoir parameters components measured on drill
cuttings will be explained. The method includes several analytical and petrographic analyses of cutting in the lab.
The output of data is tabulated and presented in a LAS file. The kGeo-Algorithm accepts the kLab output parameters
and calculates the required output to be exported into petrophysical software. Formation evaluation of matrix
density RhoM presented in demo case study. Where the RhoM is a sum of components densities distributed by their
mass quantities.
Eq 01: RhoM= q1*RhoQtz + q2*RhoCaCO3 + q3*RhoCaMg(CO3)2 + +
q4*RhoClay +q5*RhoPyret + … qi*RhoXXX
Where q1+q2+q3+… qi =1
High resolution cutting sampling produce additional information on matrix density. Using the cuttings RhoM and
inversion principals we convert the discreet data to curve matching formation properties measured by Open-hole
logs. The reservoir porosity calculated using this method will significantly defer from a straight line matrix density
method commonly applied. Case study of component sonic DTC measured from cuttings is correlated to sonic DTC.
Eq 02: DTCcut= q1*DTC_Qtz + q2*DTC_LS +q3*DTC_DOL + q4*DTC_Clay +
q5*DTC_Pyr + …
DTClog=k*DTCcut
Where k – Compaction coefficient.
Using the DTC and DTS the elastics properties of Young’s Modulus, Poison Ratio and Brittleness can be calculated.
11. • .
Flow1 25 mD
Q1=1.2k
Flow2 4.2 mD
Q2=15.3k
Flow3 0.3 mD
Q3=27.4k
t1 – Flow1
t1 – Flow2
Multi flow TDA Chart from Drilling Cuttings
Reservoir Multi Pore Flow System Measurements and Applications Using
Transient Draw Down Analysis from Drilling Cuttings
Time (log scale)
Petrographic image of the porosity
12. HCA – Hydrocarbon Saturation Analysis
HCA-by weight % HCA-by volume %
Oil Saturation - So
using HCA
Water Saturation -
Sw using HCA So
13. Cutting Analysis and Geo-Algorithm to Petrophysics
The scope of this paper is the Introduction of new process and algorithm of
applications of analysis of drilling cuttings to obtain deterministic information
on Reservoir Performance Properties – RPP. The scope of this paper is to
present:
Methodology: Digital Geological Analysis - DGA, Digital Fluorescence
Analysis – DFA, Field Data Analysis - mud log / mechanical log analysis –
producing hydrocarbon saturation index - HcSI, and hydro carbon ration
HcR, Petrographic Analysis, kLab – Geochemical Analysis.
Process: kLab system of analytical and visual test that output over 110
columns of data.
Algorithm: kGeo-Algorithm – is the system of deterministic, statistic and
stochastic rules to define the basic Petrographic and Petrophysical
parameters. The transformation of discreet interval data from kLab to
petrophysical log curve is part of inversion algorithm.
The Case Study of applications of the kLab and kGeo-Algorithm will be
presented and analyzed.
The Basic principal of the kLab, kGeo-Algorithm and Processes designed to
digitally define or approximate all Geological, Petrographic and Analytical
components, obtained from Rock Cuttings and cores. This data are
evaluated, correlated and used by kGeo-Algorithm to provide independent
information measured differently from Open Hole logs
14. Cutting Analysis and Geo-Algorithm to Petrophysics
2.1 The DGA, HcSi and HcR are the analysis that run in real time – RT, during data collected on the well
2.2 The HcSI and HcR Are the Data derived from the Gas log and processed using Normalization principal developed by
Author.
2.3 kLab consist of set of laboratory tests designed and implemented by author. The test are :
2.3.1 DFA – Digital Fluorescents Analysis this is the test on hydrocarbon
fluorescents in solvent similar to mudlogging methodology of fluorescents test.
2.3.2 DGA – Digital Geological Analysis is methodology designed to apply
quantitative visual estimation of formation component and RPP factors in quantities
2.3.3 HCA – Hydrocarbon Analysis test is methodology and procedures designed to
apply quantitative analytical lab precision analysis on hydrocarbon extraction
2.3.4 DDA – Digital Density Analysis and mineralogical components break down test
2.3.5 TDA – Transient Drawdown Analysis is based on quantitative measurements of
cumulative Hydrocarbon fluorescents in sample chamber.
2.3.6 MGA – MGA_CHT, MGA_Silt , MGA_Sand_vf, to MGA_Sand_c.
2.3.7 DLA – The detail microscope examination using gain 50 and accompanied by
microscope digital photography.
2.3.8 TSA – Thin section analysis is made selectively and application and
methodologies are currently under development.
2.4 kGeo-Algorithm. The kGA is a set of deterministic parameter relations, procedures and
software algorithms that are designed to utilize the kLab data sets to produce the RPP.
2.5 SAT – Shale Activity Test is the test designed for shale oil play, well stability analysis and
fracability analysis.
15. kLab Petrography Workflow
Digital Fluorescence
Analysis (DFA)
Digital Lithological
Analysis (DLA)
Hydrocarbon Analysis
(HCA)
- Moveable
- Extractable
- TOC
Sample 1
Data Integration and Interpretation using kGeo-Algorithm
Digital Density
Analysis (DDA)
- Bulk, Clastic, Matrix
- LST, DOL, Clastic
components
Sample 2
Micro-Granulometry
(MGA)
- Sand, Silt, Clay
- Matrix Density
- Framework
Petrophysical Reservoir Evaluation
Field Data Evaluation
Sample 3
Digital Geological
Analysis (DGA)
Sample 1
Zone Selection
Sample 2
Transient Drawdown
Analysis (TDA)
- Time of Flow Arrival
- Rate of Flow
- Quantity
- Permeability
- Flow Unit ,Modelling
- Compartmentalization
- Reservoir Performance
k/Phi
Stage1Stage2Stage3
18. Field Data Evaluation, Sample Analysis
DGA – Digital Geological Analysis DFA – Digital Fluorescent Analysis.
Rock Type Quantity
Accessories
Type Quantity
Porosity Type
Quantity
Fractures
Quantity
DFA –
Fluorescence
by Time
24. Rolling image
curve kLab Data Inversion
image curve
kLab Data
Interval
RhoB
kLab Data
Interval RhoB
image curve
Sample
intervals
kGeo Algorithm – Inversion of Discrete to Continuous Data
28. Conclusion.
kLab and kGeo-Algorithms.
1. kLab combined with Petrographic methodologies and tools is
complimenting the Conventional Petrophysical Well Log Analysis.
2. kLab is producing the information which is compatible to conventional
Core Analysis.
3. Petrophysical Log Analysis are performed with less uncertainties by
using the direct rock properties measured from Drilling Cuttings.
4. kLab can reproduce the Conventional Logs in case of absence of
logging.
5. kLab combining the methodologies and tools of TDA – that
producing Engineering data on reservoir multi pore multi flow
parameters for Reservoir Modeling and Well completion.
6. kLab combining the methodologies and tools of SAT – that producing
Engineering data on reservoir fracability and Well Stability.
7. kGeo-Algorithms is a rock physic base set of rules applied to convert
the discreet kLab data to Petrophysical data format.
