1.
GROUP MEMBERS
•Koukab yasmeen
•Areeba Asim
•Fatima
•Izza

2.
PAK STUDY PRESENTATION TOPICS
• Foreign policy
• Pakistan-india
relations

3.
FOREIGN POLICY
• A government strategy in dealing with other
nations
• According to Prof: Joseph Framkel:
• “Foreign policy consists of decisions and actions which involves to
some appreciable extent relations between State and others”

4.
PRINCIPLES OF FOREIGN POLICY
• Peaceful co-existence
• Non-Alignment
• Bilateralism
• United Nations charter
• Support to right of self-determination
• Unity of Islamic world
• De-weaponisation
• Elimination of facial discrimination
• Establishment of peace
• Good relations with neighbours
• International and religional cooperation

5.
OBJECTIVES OF FOREIGN POLICY
• National security
• Economic developmet
• Ideology

6.
DETERMINANTS OF PAKISTAN
FOREIGN POLICY
1. Ideological obligation
2. Historical legacy
3. Geographical location
4. The Indian threat
5. Economic compulshions

7.
PAKISTAN-INDIA RELATIONS

8.
WHAT WE WILL TALK ABOUT
• Partition of British India
• Masscareof refuges
• Religious differences
• Kashmir dispute
• War of 1965
• War of 1971
• Indus water treaty

9.
PARTITION OF BRITISH INDIA
• The partition of British India was the partition of India
sub-continent
• Partition was based on two religious; Islam and
Hinduism
• British India was divided into independent states; union
of India and domination of Pakistan

10.
MASSACRE OF REFUGEES
• After the partition of British India large number of refugees moved from both
countries (India and Pakistan)
• Refugees were killed from both sides
• Approximately 4 million Hindus moved from Pakistan to India and 5-6 million
Muslims moved from India to Pakistan
• The groups of Sikhs and jathas killed a large number of Muslim refugees
• To take revenge Muslims also killed large number of Muslim refugees
• To take revenge Muslim also killed large number of Hindu refugees

11.
RELIGIOUS DIFFERENCES
Islam
• Muslim believe in one Allah and his
prophet (PBUH).
• Muslims sacrifice animals
(cows,goats,camels)for Allah after every
year.
• Muslims offer prayers In masjids.
• Music and dancing is forbidden in
islam.
Hinduism
• Hindus have many gods and they pray
for their idols.
• Hindus believe animals (monkeys, cows,
elephants)as God.
• Hindus pray in their temples.
• Hindus like to learn music and singing.

12.
KASHMIR DISPUTE
• Kashmir dispute was the major issue that have strained the relationship between
India and Pakistan
• It’s majority population was Muslim but it’s ruler,Mahraja Harisingh,Was Hindu
• Ruler wanted Kashmir as an independent state.
• Pakistani forces moved to India to dispatch Kashmir
• Maharaja was turned to India and asked it to send it’s troops to Kashmir
• India launched an operation and captured large area of Kashmir

13.
WAR OF 1965
• India not announced and entered in Pakistan from different
borders
• 30,000 Indian army while Pakistan have only 5,000 soldiers
• This war is called tank war
• Role of M.M Allam

14.
WAR OF 1971
•Pakistan strategy
•India strategy
•Result of war 1971

15.
LOSSES IN 1971 WAR
India losses
• 3,843 killed 9,851 wounded
• 1 frigate (small plane)
• 1 Naval plane
• Indian okha harbourdamage/fueling facilities
destroyed
• Damage to Western Indian airfields
• Pakistan claims 130 IAF aircraft
• Indian claims 45 IAF aircraft
Pakistan losses
• 9,000 killed 4,350 wounded 97,368 captured
• 2 destroyers
• 1 minesweeper
• 1 submarine
• 3 patrol vessels
• 7 gunboats
• Pakistani main port Karachi facilities demaged
fuel tanks destroyed
• Pakistani airfields demages

16.
INDUS WATER TREATY
• The treaty was signed in Karachi on September 19,1960 by the Indian prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru and the president of Pakistan Mohammad Ayub Khan.
• The Indus system of rivers comprises three Western rivers the Indus ,the jehlum and
Chenab and the three eastern rivers –the sutlej,the Beas and the Ravi.
• The treaty was that India would be not interference in follow of Indus water coming
to Pakistan.
• India constructed dams against the Indus treaty on River,Jhelum and Chenab
• India constructed 41 dams in these rivers and 12 were under consideration.

17.
CONCLUSION
• To improve the relationship between India and Pakistan both
countries will have to ;
• Resolve the Kashmir issue.
• Resolve the water treaty
• But these issues are still not yet resolved
• 🏵️🏵️🏵️🏵️🏵️🏵️🏵️🏵️🏵️🏵️🏵️🏵️🏵️🏵️🏵️🏵️🏵️🏵️🏵️