The document discusses managing nature conservation areas as nature adaptation areas. This involves shifting from a focus on protecting biodiversity to enhancing ecosystems' adaptive capacity and resilience. It would allow ecosystems to adapt through succession and disturbances while continuing to provide regulating and provisioning services. Managing areas this way requires analyzing functional diversity, bottlenecks, and matching response groups to landscapes to help ecosystems adjust to future changes.

1. from nature conservation areas to nature adaptation areas Koen Kramer Team leader Vegetation and Landscape Ecology December 11 2009, Copenhagen

2. source: Peter Timofeeff

3. source: Peter Timofeeff Salt intrusion

4. functional diversity, base of adaptive capacity and ecological resilience source: B. Walker Number of species Number of individuals “ passengers” “ drivers” biodiversity Red-listed species

6. Connecting areas source: Claire Vos, Alterra

7. change in probability of occurrence of beech source: Wilfried Thuiller Advise for adaptive measures in forested areas

8. Application of approach and models in Inner Mongolia

9. High levels of biodiversity, partly endemic

12. 沙尘暴滚滚而来

13. People that decide…

14. … and people that have to do it:

15. changes in ecosystem adaptive capacity and ecosystem services due to loss of biodiversity source: Leon Braat Pristine forest Degraded land Extensive use Plantation Original species Fossil fuel subsidized Extensive use Subsistence agriculture REGULATING SERVICES PUBLIC PROVISIONING SERVICES PRIVATE

16. 2000 2050 global loss of biodiversity (Ref: Braat & Ten Brink 2008) Nature areas are storehouses of adaptive capacity. They should be managed as nature adaptation areas to protect nature and to safeguard ecosystem services This requires a careful and stepwise shift from current policy and target setting

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