2. About Paterson:
• Born: September 1, 1924, in Freeport, New York
• A graduate of Lenox Hill Hospital School of Nursing and St. John’s
University.
• She received her Master’s degree from John Hopkin’s University
School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
• Her Doctor of Nursing Science (1969) is from Boston University
School of Nursing, Boston, Massachusetts, where she specialized in
Mental Health and Psychiatric nursing.
• Dr. Paterson conceptualized and taught humanistic nursing to
graduate students, faculty and staff in a variety of settings.
• She also served on the faculty of the State University of New York at
Stonybrook.
• She retired in 1985 as a clinical nurse specialist at the Northport
Veterans Administration Medical Center at Northport, New York.
3. About Zderad:
• Born: June 7, 1925, Chicago, Illionis
• She is a graduate of St. Bernard’s Hospital School of Nursing
and of Loyola University.
• She received her Master of Science degree from Catholic
University, Washington DC, and a Doctor of Philosophy
(1968) from Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
• She has taught in several universities and has lead groups
on humanistic nursing.
• Dr. Zderad also served as a faculty of the State University of
New York at Stonybrook.
• She retired in 1985 as the Associate Chief for Nursing
Education at the Northport Veterans Administration
Medical Center, Northport, New York.
4. Humanistic Nursing
• It is a nursing practice that is developed from lived
experiences of the nurse and the person receiving care.
• It is the articulated vision of experience.
• It is concerned with the Phenomenological experiences
of individuals and the exploration of human
experiences. It requires entering the nursing situation
fully aware of the “lenses” that we wear.
• It is knowing what values, biases, myths, and
expectations we bring to the nursing experience. And
we need to fully appreciate the values, biases, myths
and expectations others bring to the nursing
experience.
5. Humanistic Nursing
• The practice of humanistic nursing is rooted in
existential thought. Existentialism is a philosophical
approach to understanding life. Individuals are faced
with possibilities when making choices. These choices
determine the direction and meaning of one’s life.
Since individuals are faced with freedom of choice,
there is always a possibility of making errors.
• As a philosophy, Existentialism is particularly applicable
to nursing within the framework of holistic health
because of the emphasis on self-determination, free
choice, and self-responsibility.
6. Humanistic Nursing
• Phenomenology – the study of the meaning of a
phenomenon to a particular individual. It describes
data of the immediate situation that help people
understand the phenomena in question.
• - it is also describing human methods
and primarily concerned with describing human
experience in such a way that the fullness of
experience is absorbed.
• Humanistic nursing is an existential-phenomenological-humanistic
approach referring to a reverence for life
that values the need for human interaction in order to
determine the meaning that comes from the
individual’s unique way of experiencing the world.
7. Humanistic Nursing
• Nursing occurs within the context of relationship. It is a
nurturing response of one person to another in a time of
need that aims toward the development of well being and
more being.
• Nursing is a unique blend of Theory and Methodology.
Theory cannot exist without the practice of nursing, for it
depends on the experience of nursing and the reflection of
that experience. Its methodology, is a unique blend of art
and science. Science which consists of rules, laws,
principles and theories that guide us and give direction to
the nursing practice remain meaningless unless they are
applied to living situations which becomes the art of
nursing.
• The process of nursing as “quality care based in the concept
of community”
8. Elements of Framework for
Humanistic Nursing
• Incarnate men (patient and nurse) meeting
(being and becoming) in a goal-directed
(nurturing well-being and more-being),
intersubjective transaction (being with and
doing with) occurring in time and space (as
measured and lived by patient and nurse) in a
world of men and things.
9. 3 concepts that provide basis (or
components) of nursing
• Dialogue
• Community
• Phenomenologic Nursology
10. Dialogue
• It is a nurse-nursed relating creatively. Humans need
nursing. Nurses need to nurse. Nursing is an intersubjective
experience in which there is real sharing.
• MEETING – is the coming together of human beings and is
characterized by the expectation that there will be a nurse
and a nursed.
• RELATING – the process of nurse-nursed “doing” with each
other is relating, being with each other. It may be Subject –
Object relating which refers to how we use objects and
know others through abstractions, conceptualizations,
categorizing, labeling, and so on or Subject-Subject relating
when both nurse and the client are open to each other as
fully human, beyond the role of nurse and client, but as
struggling, joyful, confused, and hopeful individuals facing
the next moment.
11. Dialogue
• PRESENCE – the quality of being open,
receptive, ready, and available to another
person in a reciprocal manner.
• CALL AND RESPONSE – are transactional,
sequential and simultaneous. Must be done
“all at once”.
12. Community
• It is two or more persons striving together, living-dying all
at once.
• Humanistic Nursing leads to community, it occurs within a
community, and is affected by the community.
• It is through the intersubjective sharing of meaning in
community that human becomings are comforted and
nurtured.
• Community is the experience persons, and it is through
community, persons relating to others, that it is possible to
become.
• Humanistic nursing proposes that the nurse needs to be
fully prepared to work in and with a community, exploring
and valuing its reality.
13. Phenomenologic Nursology
1. Preparation of the nurse knower for coming
to know.
2. Nurse knowing the other intuitively.
3. Nurse knowing the other scientifically.
4. Nurse complementarily synthesizing known
others.
5. Succession within the nurse from the many
to the paradoxical one.
