Dymystify Statistics

1. Dymystifying Statistics for
Teachers Using MS Excel

2. Hello!
I am Jorge Victor M Sales
Licensed Teacher
MAT-Physics
PhD-DSED Physics Candidate
Researcher
- Blended Learning
- Teaching Efficacy
- Professional Learning Community
- Meta-Analysis
- Instrument Development for Learning
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3. Current Practice
So what do we use in research writing?
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4. “
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5. There are a lot of
tools out there!
It is a matter of what would work
for you at best (skill-wise and
economically-wise!)
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6. What will we do?
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7. In this workshop:
◇ Demonstrate MS Excel as an alternate to
commercial tools in the market.
◇ Enumerate the pros and cons of tools.
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8. What’s in?
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1 3 5
6
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Setting up Real
Statistics in MS
Excel
Doing Mean, SD,
and Normal
Distribution
Doing Inferential
Statistics
Understanding Mean,
SD, and Normal
Distribution of Student
Performance
Understanding
Basic Inferential
Statistics
Evaluation

9. Setting up Real
Statistics in MS Excel
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10. Overview and Installation
Let us set-up your MS Excel to
work with the Real Stat Add-In
What will we do?
Demonstration
We will run datasets to help you
work with your statistics needs.
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11. Overview
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Real Statistics Add In contains a variety of
supplemental functions and data analysis tools not
provided by Excel. These complement the standard
Excel capabilities and make it easier for you to perform
the statistical analyses.
“The data analysis for this paper was generated using the Real Statistics Resource Pack
software (Release 7.6). Copyright (2013 – 2021) Charles Zaiontz. www.real-statistics.com.”
Zaiontz, C. (2020) Real Statistics Using Excel. www.real-statistics.com

12. What makes it better
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It is free!
It uses VB language (a native language for
Windows OS which means less lag).
It summarizes most of SPSS statistics
functions.
Lightweight on RAM and CPU Processing

13. Setting Up
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1. Download the RealStats.xlam from the drive.
2. Open MS Excel. Let if fully load.
3. In the MS Excel window, Press Alt+T,I. A window like
this should appear:

14. Setting Up
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4. Make sure there is a checkmark in the
Analysis ToolPak and Solver Add-in.
Otherwise, click the box to mark check.
5. Click Browse. A window will open.
Search for the RealStat.xlam and open
it.
6. MS Excel will load and will be
unresponsive. Just wait for it to go back
to normal.

15. Using the RealStat Interface
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Just Press Ctrl+M
Let us do the workshop!

16. Understanding Mean,
SD, and Normal
Distribution of Student
Performance
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17. Overview
We will investigate the uses of
Mean (and other central
tendencies), Standard Deviation,
and Normal Distribution in
understanding student data.
What will we do?
Demonstration
We will run datasets to help you
work with your data for Mean, SD
and Normal Distribution.
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18. Overview
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Measures of Central Tendencies such as
Mean is commonly used way for expressing
data in research. However, it is also best to
understand some underlying conditions in
statistics to make simple average make sense
when you present your data analysis report.

19. What is Mean?
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Mean is just simply: The most likely score that
you may observe in a population.
If in a test it shows that the average score is 5
out of a 10 item test, it means that when you
ask a student who took the test, there is a
large possibility that the student got 5!

20. What is Mean?
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If in a test it shows that the average score is 5
out of a 10 item test….
Alternately, it means that most of your
students got 50% of the coverage items of
your test.
Hence, mean 𝝁 also represents expected
value!

21. What is Mean?
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Let’s check:
A class of Grade 6 students showed that their
average score in a 100-item test is 75 marks.
What can we tell about it?

22. What is Mean?
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FAQ
I want to express the most in my data, what
should I use?
Consult rank, %, and frequency.
For some, mode works well also.

23. What is Standard Deviation?
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We are always asked to report SD in our stat
report. Have we truly understood its use? In
actuality, SD is very powerful paired with
Mean!

24. What is Standard Deviation?
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We are always asked to report SD in our stat
report. Have we truly understood its use? In
actuality, SD is very powerful paired with
Mean!
𝜎 → 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

25. What is Standard Deviation?
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Let us recall the “If in a test it shows that the
average score is 5 out of a 10 item test”
Does this mean that all of the test takers got
5?
Then how can standard deviation help us
understand the situation?

26. What is Standard Deviation?
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Standard Deviation is a stat that explains a
“possible” distribution of scores. In simple
language, it gives us a ‘probable range of
scores’.
Let us revisit our “If in a test it shows that the
average score is 5 out of a 10 item test” case.

27. What is Standard Deviation?
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“If in a test it shows that the average score is 5
out of a 10 item test with an 𝜎 = 1”
What can we report about this?
Most likely a test taker got a score of 5.
Furthermore, there is a large possibility that
the scores got by test takers is between 4 to 6.

28. What is Standard Deviation?
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“If in a test it shows that the average score is 5
out of a 10 item test with an 𝜎 = 1”
𝜎 is a form of ‘possibility range’ that we add
and subtract to the mean to get that range. In
this case, we did mean ±𝜎1 which shows the
range within 1 SD.

29. What is Standard Deviation?
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FAQ
You can do ±𝜎𝑛 as much you can. The rule of
thumb is as the range grows with the±𝜎𝑛, the
possibility also decreases.
If a stat reports that the score has a 𝜎 ≈ 0,
what does it mean?

30. What is Normal Distribution?
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Normal Distribution is both a stat feature
observe in a data and an ASSUMPTION of
reality on how data should behave to let most
of our statistics to work properly.

31. What is Normal Distribution?
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Normal Distribution states that most of the
observed scores should fall in the middle
(otherwise, nearest to the mean) and
observed scores farther from the mean gets
lesser probability.
Normal Distribution describes “probability for
an observation to appear”.

32. What is Normal Distribution?
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33. What is Normal Distribution?
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34. Summary
◇ Mean gives the ‘expected value’
◇ Standard Deviation gives the ‘expected range’
◇ Normal Distribution describes
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35. Doing Mean, SD, and
Normal Distribution of
Student Performance
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36. Overview
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In order to do our descriptive stat report, we
will use Sample_Data_2014.csv. Open this in
your MS Excel.
Check your RealStat functionality (Ctrl+M)
otherwise
File-Options-Add-Ins-Manage Add Ins-Go
then reinstall realstat.

37. Overview
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Take note that each row of data represents a
case (independent respondent response)
while columns are variables.
Respondent 1
Respondent 2
Var 1 Var 2

38. Doing Mean and SD
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Let us discover the
performance of
students’ in
Mathematics.
1. While in the
DataSet, key Ctrl+M
to call the RealStat
Dialog Box.

39. Doing Mean and SD
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2. Click on the Desc
Tab.
3. Highlight
Descriptive Stat… by
clicking on it.
4. Click OK
2.
3.
4.

40. Doing Mean and SD
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5. Click the box opposite input
range, highlight all data in the
mathematics column P. Make
sure ‘column headings..’ is
checked.
6. Tick Descriptive Stat
7. Click output range and click
which cell in the DataSet you
want the result to appear.
8. Click OK.
5.
6.
7.
8.

41. Output Mean and SD
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42. Doing Graph of Normal Distribution
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1. While in the
DataSet, key Ctrl+M
to call the RealStat
Dialog Box.

43. Doing Graph of Normal Distribution
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2. Click on the Desc
Tab.
3. Highlight
Histogram… by
clicking on it.
4. Click OK
2.
3.
4.

44. Doing Graph of Normal Distribution
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5. Click the box opposite input range,
highlight all data in the mathematics
column P. Make sure to NOT include
the Math heading.
6. For bin size, put your SD
(Rounded Off).
7. Tick Chart Type→Histogram
8. Tick Normal Curve Overlay →
Match Area.
9. Output Range→ Click an empty
cell in the Sheet.
10. Click OK
5.
6.
7.
10.
8.
9.

45. Doing Graph of Normal Distribution
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2. Click on the Desc
Tab.
3. Highlight
Histogram… by
clicking on it.
4. Click OK
2.
3.
4.

46. Output Graph of Normal Distribution
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
34 44 54 64 74 84 94
Frequency
Bin
Mathematics

47. Thanks!
End of Day 1
Any questions?
You can find me at:
◇ jorge_victor_sales@dlsu.edu.ph
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