1. DRUG COURT
AND
DUI COURT
OF
LARAMIE COUNTY

2. THE MISSION STATEMENT FOR
THE DRUG COURT:
The mission of the Laramie County
Drug Court program is to improve
public safety and strengthen our
community foundation. Through
intervention, quality treatment, and
intensive supervision we will interrupt
the cycle of addiction for substance
abusing offenders.

3. THE DRUG COURT’S 3 GOALS:
# 1 – Use an outcome-based approach to provide a
continuum of care for eligible substance abusing
offenders.
# 2 – Decrease substance abuse related crime by
interrupting the offender’s cycle of substance
abuse.
# 3 – Mobilize and effectively manage community
resources and support services to encourage a
productive, healthy lifestyle.

4. THE MISSION STATEMENT FOR
THE DUI COURT:
The mission of the Laramie County DUI
Court is to use a comprehensive,
coordinated, and pro-active approach in
order to reduce the threat impaired drivers
place on our community. By utilizing a
wide-ranging and dynamic approach, we
will effectively reduce the number of repeat
impaired driving offenders on our streets.

5. THE DUI COURT’S 3 GOALS:
#1 – To provide sentencing options to the Courts of Laramie
County to administer certain cases stemming from DUI
convictions by utilizing continuing judicial oversight,
supervised probation, and comprehensive treatment.
#2 – To reduce alcohol related offenses in Laramie County
while promoting offender accountability and
responsibility.
#3 – To promote effective agency interaction and
coordination of resources among criminal justice
agencies, governmental agencies, and community
organizations.

6. AUTHORITY:
Article 16 – Court Supervised Treatment
Programs Act
W.S.S. 7-13-1601 through 7-13-1605
Wyoming Department of Health Chapter 8
Rules and Regulations for the State Funding
and Certification of Court Supervised
Treatment Programs.

7. WHY?

8. Alcohol Involved
69%
No substance Abuse
Present
21%
Alcohol/Meth Involved
3%
Alcohol/Meth/Other
Drugs
2%
Alcohol & Other Drugs
0%
Meth Involved
0%
Meth & Other Drugs
0%
Other
5%
18,322 Total Arrests in 2012
Alcohol Involved
No substance Abuse
Present
Alcohol/Meth
Involved
Alcohol/Meth/Other
Drugs
Alcohol & Other
Drugs
Meth Involved
Meth & Other Drugs
Other

9. ACCORDING TO WASCOP:
 Alcohol was involved in 72.12% of all custodial arrests. (71.7%
in Laramie County)
 Methamphetamine was involved in 2.42% of the 18,322
reported arrests. (3.2% in Laramie County)
 Other drugs were involved in 9.52% of the reported arrests.
(10.1% “Drug Involved” in Laramie County)
 Arrests for public intoxication accounted for 18.78% of all
arrests. (23.2% in Laramie County)
 The average blood alcohol content for persons arrested for
public intoxication was 0.267.

10. MORE FINDINGS:
 Driving under the influence arrests accounted for 32.89%
of all arrests. (28.76% in Laramie County)
 The average reported blood alcohol content for DUI
arrests statewide was 0.156. (.145 BAC for Laramie
County)
 48% of persons arrested for DUI had a reported BAC level
above 0.16 and 10% had a BAC of 0.24 or greater.
 The average reported BAC for 627 persons who were
arrested for DUI after being involved in a traffic crash was
0.16.

11. MORE FINDINGS:
 Alcohol was a factor in 72.12% of the custodial arrests in WY
 Counties with significantly higher stats:
1. Crook – 97.3%
2. Teton – 89.15%
3. Weston – 89.13%
4. Laramie County Ranked 15th with 71.69%
 Alcohol was involved in 75.35% of all misdemeanor arrests. (77.50%
in Laramie County)
 Meth was involved in 2.42% of arrests statewide. (3.02% in Laramie
County)
 Counties with significantly higher stats:
1. Uinta – 5.50%
2. Washakie – 5.14%
3. Sweetwater – 5.10%

12. MORE FINDINGS:
 Arrests for public intoxication (PI) accounted for 18.78% of all arrests
statewide.
 Counties with significantly higher stats:
1. Teton – 33.73%
2. Fremont – 30.05%
3. Laramie – 23.18%
 The average BAC for all persons arrested for PI was 0.267
 Counties with significantly higher stats:
1. FCACC - 0.295
2. Fremont – 0.266
3. Big Horn – 0.257

13. DUI FINDINGS:
 Arrests for Driving while Under the Influence (DUI) accounted for 32.89% of
all arrests statewide.
 Counties with significantly higher stats:
1. Crook – 82.43%
2. Niobrara – 69.23%
3. Big Horn – 55.73%
4. Laramie County – 28.76% (22nd in the State)
 The average BAC reported at point of arrest was 0.156.
 Counties with significantly higher stats:
1. Weston – 0.175
2. Goshen – 0.173
3. Sheridan – 0.1650
4. Laramie County – 0.145 (20th in the State)

14. INJURIES AND DEATH FINDINGS:
• There were 13,830 Traffic Crashes in
Wyoming in 2012.
• Of those 108 were fatal crashes; in 57% of
those fatal crashes alcohol and/or drugs
were involved.
• 81% of the fatalities that were attributed to
drug and/or alcohol use also involved
unrestrained drivers and/or passengers.

15. LARAMIE COUNTY FINDINGS:
• 91.46% of Traffic Crashes with Injury
in Laramie County Were Alcohol
Involved Crashes!!!
• There Were 8 Other Counties that
Scored Higher!!! (Big Horn County –
100%)
• Average BAC was .147 at the Time of
the Crash.

16. FOR MORE INFORMATION:
http://jandaconsulting.com/Reports_P
ublications.html
http://jandaconsulting.com/uploads/A
lcohol_and_Crime_in_Wyoming_-
_2012.pdf

17. ROUND-AND-ROUND WE GO!!!!
READY ??????
SET ??????
GO!!!!!!

18. Arrest/Conviction
Probation
RevocationProbation Again
Revocation
Prison/Jail

19. FACT: CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IS JUST
NOT VERY EFFECTIVE.
WHY?

20.  MOST CJS PROGRAMS DO NOT ADDRESS
CRIMINOGENIC NEEDS. SUCH AS,
ANTISOCIAL/PRO-CRIMINAL ATTITUDES, DEEP
FRIENDSHIP WITH PRO-CRIMINAL ASSOCIATES,
FAMILY FACTORS, LACK OF EDUCATION, NO
VOCATIONAL OR FINANCIAL ACHIEVEMENT.
 FAILS TO PROPERLY ADDRESS SUBSTANCE
ABUSE ADDICTION AND/OR MENTAL HEALTH
ISSUES!
 CJS FAILS TO TREAT FOR CRIMINOGENIC RISK
FACTORS BUT RATHER USE FALSE NOTIONS TO
THE CAUSATION OF CRIME AS THE DRIVING
FORCE TO CRIME REDUCTION POLICY.

21. CJ PROGRAMS THAT DON’T
WORK:
1. Deterrence-based programs. (Scared Strait)
2. Programs that fail to incorporate cognitive behavioral therapies.
3. Boot Camps
4. PRISONS DO NOT REDUCE CRIME!

22. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE OFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS
BUREAU OF JUSTICE STATISTICS: SPECIAL REPORT
APRIL 2014
RECIDIVISM OF PRISONERS RELEASED IN 30 STATES
IN 2005: PATTERNS FROM 2005 TO 2010
HIGHLIGHTS (LOWLIGHTS!!!)
• About two-thirds (67.8%) of released prisoners were arrested for a new
crime within 3 years, and three-quarters (76.6%) were arrested within 5
years.
• Within 5 years of release, 82.1% of property offenders were arrested for a
new crime, compared to 76.9% of drug offenders, 73.6% of
public order offenders, and 71.3% of violent offenders.
• More than a third (36.8%) of all prisoners who were arrested within 5 years
of release were arrested within the first 6 months after release, with more
than half (56.7%) arrested by the end of the first year.

23. MORE LOWLIGHTS:
• 16.1% of released prisoners were responsible for almost
half (48.4%) of the nearly 1.2 million arrests that occurred
in the 5-year follow-up period.
• An estimated 10.9% of released prisoners were arrested
in a state other than the one that released them during
the 5-year follow-up period.
• Within 5 years of release, 84.1% of inmates who were age
24 or younger at release were arrested, compared to
78.6% of inmates ages 25 to 39 and 69.2% of those age
40 or older.

24. DRUG AND DUI COURTS WORK!
Drug and DUI Courts Reduce Crime
 FACT: NATIONWIDE, 75% OF DRUG COURT GRADUATES REMAIN ARREST-FREE
AT LEAST TWO YEARS AFTER LEAVING THE PROGRAM.
 FACT: RIGOROUS STUDIES EXAMINING LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF INDIVIDUAL
DRUG COURTS HAVE FOUND THAT REDUCTIONS IN CRIME LAST AT LEAST 3
YEARS AND CAN ENDURE FOR OVER 14 YEARS.
 FACT: THE MOST RIGOROUS AND CONSERVATIVE SCIENTIFIC “META-ANALYSES”
HAVE ALL CONCLUDED THAT DRUG COURTS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE CRIME AS
MUCH AS 45 PERCENT MORE THAN OTHER SENTENCING OPTIONS.

25. DRUG AND DUI COURTS WORK!
Drug and DUI Courts Ensure Compliance
 FACT: UNLESS SUBSTANCE ABUSING/ADDICTED OFFENDERS ARE REGULARLY SUPERVISED
BY A JUDGE AND HELD ACCOUNTABLE, 70% DROP OUT OF TREATMENT PREMATURELY.
 FACT: DRUG COURTS PROVIDE MORE COMPREHENSIVE AND CLOSER SUPERVISION THAN
OTHER COMMUNITY-BASED SUPERVISION PROGRAMS.
 FACT: DRUG COURTS ARE SIX TIMES MORE LIKELY TO KEEP OFFENDERS IN TREATMENT THAN
OTHER COMMUNITY-BASED PROGRAMS.

26. YOUR LARAMIE COUNTY DRUG
COURT AND DUI COURT WORK!
• 69.05% of the individuals are retained in the Drug Court program and 84.68% of the
individuals are retained in the DUI Court program.
• The average amount of previous DUI arrests for DUI Court program participants is 5.
However, there is one participant who accounts for 9 previous DUI arrests prior to
entering the program.
• Drug Court program participants account for an average of 4 previous arrests prior to
entering the program.
• 80% of the individuals who graduate the Drug Court or the
DUI Court program do not get re-arrest for any new
criminal offense.

27. DRUG COURT AND DUI COURT PERFORMANCE
MEASUREMENTS
Say What?
 Drug Court and DUI Court performance measurements
were created by the National Drug Court Institute (NDCI)
as a means to promote quality data collection and
evaluation strategies for local programs.
 The national performance measures for Drug Courts
were created by a group of nationally recognized
scholars brought together by the National Institute of
Justice (NIJ) and NDCI

28. WHAT GET’S MEASURED?
 Retention Rate – Defined as the number of people who complete the program
divided by the number who enter the program during a particular time
period.
 Sobriety – Defined as the continuous sobriety of program participants
measured by clean drug tests.
 Recidivism – Defined as the rate at which program participants get
rearrested.
 Units of Service – Defined as the activities and/or services that address the
needs of program participants, to include; substance abuse treatment,
mental health treatment, Alcohol Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics
Anonymous (NA) attendance, church attendance, and/or other ancillary
services.

29. BEYOND THE PERFORMANCE MEASURES
What other factors can be measured?
 The completion rate of program participants
 The cause for termination
 The financial costs related to recidivism
 The fines and fees paid for by program graduates,

30. RETENTION RATE
What is it?
 The retention rate of the Drug Court and the DUI
Court is defined as the number of participants
that complete the program, divided by the
number of individuals who enter the program
during a given time period. In order to
accurately find the retention rate as defined by
NDCI, a cohort of program participants needs to
be created.

31. WHAT IS THE COHORT AND RETENTION
RATE FOR THE DRUG COURT?
The Drug Court cohort = The total amount of individuals who were admitted
between July 23, 2009 (1st day in program for the first graduated) and
December 1, 2014 (the last day of the latest graduate).
After determining what participants fall into the cohort, the formula for
determining the retention rate for the Drug Court is as follows:
Participants that are still in the program, or who have graduated (58);
Divided By:
All participants who enter the program during the cohort (84);
Using this formula, the retention rate for
the Drug Court is 69.05%.

32. WHAT IS THE COHORT AND RETENTION RATE
FOR THE DUI COURT?
The DUI Cohort = The total amount of individuals who were admitted between
March 26, 2010 (1st day in program for the first graduated) and October 9, 2014
(the last day of the latest graduate).
After determining what participants fall into the cohort, the formula for
determining the retention rate for the DUI Court is as follows:
Participants that are still in the program, or who have graduated (94);
Divided By:
All participants who enter the program during the cohort (111);
Using this formula, the retention rate for the
DUI Court is 84.68%

33. COMPLETION RATE VS. RETENTION RATE
 Just because you can retain a participant in a program
over a period of time does not equate to whether or not
that participant eventually successfully completes the
program!!
 To measure completion rate, the Drug Court and DUI
Court Teams examined the number of participants that
completed the respective programs , or were still actively
enrolled against the participants who did not successfully
complete the programs during the cohort time period.

34. DRUG COURT COMPLETION RATE
FROM 7-23-09 TO 12-14-2010
(501 DAYS)

36. WHY DO SOME PARTICIPANTS FAIL TO
COMPLETE THE DRUG COURT OR DUI COURT?
 When a participant fails to complete a Court ordered program, it is
important to determine why they failed.
 Costs incurred by participants being jailed or sent to prison cost
taxpayers a significant amount of money.
 The data clearly shows that prisons do not reduce crime and/or
recidivism, therefore the Drug Court and DUI Court Teams continually
look for ways to improve the program.

38. CAUSE FOR TERMINATION FROM THE DUI COURT
(3-26-10 TO 6-3-11)

39. TRUST BUT VERIFY!
RANDOMLY AND FREQUENTLY!
Sobriety
Being able to document the number of day of continuous sobriety is a key feature in
any program evaluation. After all, every Drug Court or DUI Court program should be
designed and focused on managing substance abusing offenders.
Both the Drug Court and the DUI Court programs use a variety of technologies to test
program participants for the use of banned substances. The technologies used to drug
test program participants include, urine testing, saliva testing, the use of SCRAM
(continuous alcohol monitoring) ankle bracelets, and portable breath machines.

42. RECIDIVISM: IT’S A BAD THING!!
Why does recidivism matter?
“Recidivism is one of the most fundamental concepts in
criminal justice. It refers to a person's relapse into
criminal behavior, often after receiving sanctions or
undergoing intervention for a previous crime.”

43. HOW DOES RECIDIVISM GET MEASURED?
Recidivism is defined as any new arrest while
either actively enrolled in the program or after
successful completion of the program. The
measurement is designed to see if participation
in Drug Court or DUI Court has a reduction in
criminal activity of participants.

44. Average Arrests Experienced by Drug Court Graduates

46. INCARCERATION IS VERY EXPENSIVE!!
According to the Laramie County Sherriff’s Department, in
2009 it cost, on average, $83.58 to house one person per
day in the Laramie County Detention Center.
If we estimated that each graduate spent 3 days in jail each
time they were arrested, the savings for participating in
either the Drug Court or the DUI Court would be
substantial.

48. DUI Court Graduate Savings on Incarceration Costs

49. PROGRAM FEES, FINES, COURT COSTS, &
RESTITUTION
Not only to Drug Courts & DUI Courts save money,
participants are required to pay to be enrolled!
 Drug Court participants must pay $750 in program
fees, plus restitution, and other Court ordered
costs.
 DUI Court participants must pay $50 per month
from enrollment to graduation, plus any and all
Court ordered fines and costs.

50. 12-1-11 to 12-1-14 Drug Court Graduate Program Fees and Restitution
Payments

51. 12-1-11 to 12-1-14 DUI Court Graduate Program Fees and Fine
Payments

52. UNITS OF SERVICE
What services do Drug Court and DUI Court
participants receive?
 Intensive Out-patient Substance Abuse Treatment
 Mental Health, Marriage, Family and Individuals Counseling
 Nutritional Education and Training
 Medication Management
 Employment & GED guidance

53. UNIT OF SERVICE
Who does the Drug Court and DUI Court partner with?
 Dad’s Making a Difference
 CLIMB Wyoming
 Wyoming Workforce Services
 Recover Wyoming
 The Salvation Army
 Central Wyoming Counseling Center
 Peak Wellness
 University of Wyoming Family Practice
 Drug Testing Center of Cheyenne

56. LARAMIE COUNTY DRUG COURT TEAM
Mark Hardee, Court Magistrate
Kurt Zunker, Program Director
Mindy Inman, Court Clerk
Jim Nelson, Treatment Director
Jessica Herrera, P&P Agent
Nola Grove, Public Defender’s Office
Ryan Wright, Assistant Dist. Attorney
Emily Harris, Assistant Pub. Defender
Guy Driver, Cheyenne Police Department

57. Honorable Tom Lee, Judge
Kurt Zunker, Program Director
Fernando Muzquiz, Case Manager
Rick Robinson, Treatment Director
Leslie Hearn, P&P Agent
Carol Serelson, Defense Bar Rep.
Joshua Taylor, Assistant District Attorney
LARAMIE COUNTY DUI COURT TEAM

58. National
Association of
Drug Court
Professionals
www.nadcp.org
National Drug
Court Institute
www.ndci.org
National Center for
DWI Courts
www.dwicourts.or
g
National Drug
Court Resource
Center
www.ndcrc.org
FOR MORE INFORMATION:

59. THANK YOU!!
Kurt A. Zunker
Director, Drug and DUI Court programs for
Laramie County
(307) 633-4530
(307) 633-4589
kzunker@laramiecounty.com