Environmental Engineering

1. Waste Disposal
 OPEN BURNING AND DUMPING OF
SOLID WASTES

2. Waste Disposal
 Waste Disposal is the management
of waste to prevent harm to the
environment, injury or long term
progressive damage to health. Disposal
of waste is where the intention is to
permanently store the waste for the
duration of its biological and chemical
activity, such that it is rendered
harmless.

3. Open dumping
Open dumping
 Discarding trash or unwanted items
anywhere except state permitted landfills,
transfer
 Examples of waste which is often dumped
are household building debris, construction
and demolition waste, household garbage,
appliances, furniture, tires, plastic,
cardboard and hazardous waste.

4. What is the best alternative to open
dumping?
 Just like with regular landfills, the majority of refuse in open dumps
can be recycled, composted or reused.
 People can buy in bulk to reduce packaging waste.
 Glass, aluminum and plastic containers, newspaper and
corrugated cardboard can be taken to the nearest recycling
center.
 Materials good for composting include uncontaminated and
untreated natural growth solid wastes, such as tree limbs, stumps,
leaves, grass clippings and sawdust that is derived from
processing untreated, natural wood.

5. What is the best alternative to open
dumping?
 Non-meat kitchen scraps can easily be added to the
compost pile or vermicultured (composting using red
worms).
 Furniture and appliances can be recycled. Various services
recycle the parts or refurbish them for resale. Some Solid
Waste Management Districts include a list of local services
on their Web sites.
 Unusable tires should be given to an authorized tire
disposal agent. Your local tire retailer will know of a tire
disposal service which can take used tires. A minimal fee
will be charged to ensure that the tires will be recycled
properly and not placed into a hazardous tire dump.

6. What are the consequences of open
dumping? Or Why is open dumping
bad?
 The environmental damage to the soil and water
can be both significant and irreversible.
 Piles of waste take away from naturally beautiful
landscape. Open dumping can also lower property
values of surrounding homes.
 Open dumping contaminates the environment and
destroys beautiful scenery.

7. What are the consequences of open
dumping? Or Why is open dumping
bad?
 Household Hazardous Waste (HHW), such as
paint, pesticides and other toxic chemicals, can be
found in open dumps.
 No measures are made to prevent rainfall from
carrying the chemicals and HHW into the water
table and the local drinking water.
 Household garbage, which may include food
scraps and dirty diapers, attracts vermin.
Discarded tires collect water and form the perfect
breeding area for mosquitoes.

8. What is Open Burning?
 Open burning is any burning outdoors that
does not pass through a stack, duct, or
chimney. This includes outdoor residential,
agricultural, and prescribed burning.
 Open burning also applies to material that is
burned in burn barrels, air curtain
destructors, or other such devices.

9. Open Burning

10. Why Limit Open Burning?
 Smoke from open burning
pollutes the air and is
unhealthy to breathe
 Potential health effects include
 Lung and Eye irritation
 Headaches, Dizziness
 Asthma attacks
 Coughing and wheezing
and
 Even death in some cases

11. Breathe… Don’t Burn!
 Outdoor fires pollute
the air
 Smoke is unhealthy to
breathe
 Recycle or properly
dispose of waste

12. Health and Other Impacts
 Smoke from open burning pollutes the air with a mixture
of fine particles and gases. All types of open burning can
affect the air we breathe. What goes up doesn’t
immediately go away. And burners may be held legally
responsible for any damages or injury caused by open
burning.
Smoke from all types of open burning can:
 Make breathing difficult
 Cause or contribute to serious health problems
 Impair visibility
 Create road and aviation safety problems
 Be a nuisance to neighbors

13. Open Burning Alternatives
 Compost yard waste
 Chip tree limbs
 Land clearing debris
 Haul to sawmill or pulpwood yard
 Chip or tub grind remaining material
 Recycle or re-use non-vegetative material
 Contact local solid waste facility

14. Alternatives to Burning
 Burning can waste valuable resources. To prevent this,
some open burning can be minimized through better
planning, reuse, or recycling.
 Yard trimmings and other vegetative matter can be
composted.
 Newspaper and cardboard can be recycled.
 wood waste can be turned into usable products such as
wood chips or paperboard. However, open burning may be
necessary when reasonable alternatives do not exist.
 This may be the case for some types of agricultural
burning as well as prescribed burns on forest and
rangelands.

15. Types of Burning
 Residential Solid Waste Burning
 Residents may burn solid waste (rubbish, tree leaves, yard
trimmings, gardening waste, etc.) if no scheduled house-
to-house solid waste collection service is available and the
burning is conducted on the property where the waste was
generated.
 Residents also may burn tree leaves, yard trimmings, or
gardening waste if allowed by local ordinance or rule and
conducted on the property where the waste was
generated.

16. Types of Burning
 Prescribed Burning
 Prescribed burning is the open burning
of forest and rangeland to accomplish
land management objectives such as
improving wildlife habitat, restoring or
maintaining ecosystem health, and
reducing fire hazard.

17. TREATMENT OF SOLID WASTES.
 CHOICE OF TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR
TREATMENT OF SOLID WASTES

18. CHOICE OF TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR
TREATMENT OF SOLID WASTES.
 As there are number of solid wastes generating
sources which are generating different types of solid
wastes. So there are various types of treatment
systems/technologies, have been developed for
treatment of solid wastes.
 However, recently developed alternative treatment
methods are becoming increasingly popular. The final
choice of treatment system should be made carefully,
on the basis of various factors, many of which depend
on local conditions:

19. CHOICE OF TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR
TREATMENT OF SOLID WASTES.
 disinfection efficiency;
 health and environmental considerations;
 volume and mass reduction;
 occupational health and safety considerations;
 quantity of wastes for treatment and
disposal/capacity of the system;
 types of waste for treatment and disposal;
 infrastructure requirements;
 locally available treatment options and
technologies;

20. CHOICE OF TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR
TREATMENT OF SOLID WASTES.
 options available for final disposal;
 training requirements for operation of the method;
 operation and maintenance considerations;
 available space;
 location and surroundings of the treatment site
and disposal facility;
 investment and operating costs;
 public acceptability;
 Regulatory requirements.