MICOBACTERIAS NO TUBERCULOSAS MICOBACTERIAS ATÍPICAS MICOBACTERIAS AMBIENTALES DE CRECIMIENTO RAPIDO

1. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA
FACULTAD DE MEDICINA
DEPARTAMENTO DE MICROBIOLOGIA
ASPECTOS MICROBIOLOGICOS DE LAS
MICOBACTERIAS
2013

2. INFECCIONES CAUSADAS POR
MICOBACTERIAS DIFERENTES A LAS
DEL COMPLEJO M. tuberculosis
Leonardo Favio Jurado Zambrano
MICOBAC- UN
2013

3. “MICOBACTERIAS NO TUBERCULOSAS”
• M. kansassi
• M. intracellulare
• M. avium
• M. scrofulaceum
• M. marinum
VIH / SIDA

4. Clin Chest Med 23 (2002) 553– 567

5. Clin Chest Med 23 (2002) 553– 567

6. Clin Chest Med 23 (2002) 553– 567

7. Clin Chest Med 23 (2002) 369–376

8. Clin Chest Med 23 (2002) 553– 567

9. Clin Infect Dis 1993;17:7– 20.

10. MNT DE RAPIDO CRECIMIENTO
Mycobacterium fortuitum
Mycobacterium abscessus
Mycobacterium chelonae
Mycobacterium mucogenicum
Mycobacterium inmunogenum
Mycobacterium peregrinum
Mycobacterium goodii
Mycobacterium smegmatis
Mycobacterium phlei
Mycobacterium flavencens
Mycobacterium peregrinum
Mycobacterium alvei
Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 175. pp 367–416, 2007 (…)

11. Infect Dis Clin N Am 2002;16: 187–219

12. Mycobacterium fortuitum
Mycobacterium fortuitum da Costa Cruz 1938, species.
Type strain: strain ATCC 6841 = CCUG 20994 = CIP 104534 =
DSM 46621 = IFO (now NBRC) 13159 = JCM 6387 = NCTC
10394.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA
gene sequence of the type strain: AY457066.
Synonyms: "Mycobacterium giae" Darzins 1950,
"Mycobacterium minetti" Penso et al. 1952.
Etymology: L. neut. adj. fortuitum, casual, accidental,
fortuitous.
References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH
(P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial
Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420
[Da COSTA CRUZ (J.C.): Mycobacterium fortuitum um novo
bacillo acidoresistance pathogenico para o
homen. Acta Medica (Rio de Janeiro), 1938, 1, 297-301.]

13. Mycobacterium fortuitum
• No cromógena
• Muy ambiental ( suelo y agua para
consumo humano)
• Generalmente produce infecciones
cutáneas, tejido celular subcutáneo,
hueso, articulaciones. Infecciones
asociadas a dispositivos.
J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1994;13:884–901

14. Mycobacterium abscessus
Mycobacterium abscessus (Moore and Frerichs 1953) Kusunoki and
Ezaki 1992, comb. nov.
Type strain: strain Hauduroy L948 = TMC 1543 = ATCC 19977 =
CCUG 20993 = CIP 104536 = DSM 44196 = JCM 13569 = NCTC
13031.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene se
quence of the type strain: AY457071.
Basonym: Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. abscessus corrig.
(Moore and Frerichs 1953) Kubica et al. 1972 (Approved Lists
1980).
Other synonym: "Mycobacterium abscessus" Moore and Frerichs
1953.
Etymology: L. gen. n. abscessus, of an abscess, referring to the
ability of the organism to form abscesses.
Reference: KUSUNOKI (S.) and EZAKI (T.): Proposal
of Mycobacterium peregrinum sp. nov., nom. rev., and elevation
of Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. abscessus (Kubica et al.) to
species status: Mycobacterium abscessus comb.
nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1992, 42, 240-245.

15. Mycobacterium abscessus
• Descrita en 1992
• No cromógena
• Generalmente afecta hueso, piel y tejidos
blandos.
• Se asocia a heridas (trauma, cirugía)
• De las mas frecuentes causantes de
enfermedad pulmonar.
J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1994;13:884–901 Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 175. pp 367–416, 2007

16. Clin Chest Med 23 (2002) 369–376

17. Caso M. abscessus
Chest radiograph of a 77-year-old female ex-smoker who presented with a chronic productive cough,
intermittent hemoptysis, fatigue, and weight loss. Sputum smears were 4+ positive for acid-fast bacilli,
and she grew M abscessus from many sputum specimens.

18. Tipo de presentación patológica de
infección pulmonar por MNT
• TUBERCULOIDE / FIBROCAVITARIO
• BRONQUIECTASICO
• SARCOIDE
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 68 (2010) 228–235

19. TUBERCULOIDE

21. BRONQUIECTASICO

23. SARCOIDE

26. Mycobacterium chelonae
Mycobacterium chelonae corrig. Bergey et al. 1923, species.
Type strain: strain CM 6388 = ATCC 35752 = CCUG 47445 = CIP
104535 = DSM 43804 = JCM 6388 = NCTC 946.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene se
quence of the type strain: AY457072.
Etymology: Gr. n. khelone, a tortoise; N.L. gen. n. chelonae, of a
tortoise.
References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.)
(editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.,
1980, 30, 225-420 [BERGEY (D.H.), HARRISON (F.C.), BREED (R.S.),
HAMMER (B.W.) and HUNTOON (F.M.) (eds): Bergey's Manual of
Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed., The Williams & Wilkins Co,
Baltimore, 1923, pp. 1-442.]
Note: The original spelling, Mycobacterium chelonei (sic), has been
corrected by Hill et al. 1984.
Reference: HILL (L.R.), SKERMAN (V.B.D.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.):
Corrigenda to the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names edited for the
International Committee on Systematic
Bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 508-511.

27. Mycobacterium chelonae
• Descrito en 1923 en el manual Bergey
• No cromógena
• Primeros reportes clínicos en los años 70
• Se ha aislado de fuentes naturales de agua,
sistemas de agua potable.
• Comúnmente contamina material medico-
quirurgico y de laboratorio.
• Infecciones oculares, procedimientos esteticos,
inyecciones con mala tecnica.
J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1994;13:884–901

28. CASO M chelonae
Chest radiograph of a 70-year-old nonsmoking Asian man who presented with cough, hemoptysis, and
weight loss. He had been treated many years earlier for tuberculosis. His respiratory specimens were
acid-fast bacilli smear negative, but he had repeatedly positive sputum cultures for M. chelonae.

29. Clin Chest Med 23 (2002) 623–632

30. Mycobacterium mucogenicum
Mycobacterium mucogenicum Springer et al. 1995, sp. nov.
Type strain: strain MO76 = ATCC 49650.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequenc
e of the type strain: AY457074.
Etymology: L. n. mucus, mucus, Gr. v. gennaio, to produce; L. neut. suff. -
icum, suffix used with the sense of pertaining to; N.L. neut.
adj. mucogenicum, intended to mean producing mucus, referring to the
highly mucoid character of most strains on solid agar.
Reference: SPRINGER (B.), BÖTTGER (E.C.), KIRSCHNER (P.) and WALLACE
Jr. (R.J.): Phylogeny of the Mycobacterium chelonae-like organism based
on partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and proposal
of Mycobacterium mucogenicum sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45,
262-267.
Note: Mycobacterium mucogenicum Springer et al. 1995 was previously
designated as Mycobacterium chelonae-like organism (MCLO) by
Silcox et al. 1981.
Reference: SILCOX (V.A.), GOOD (R.C.) and FLOYD (M.M.): Identification of
clinically significant Mycobacterium fortuitum complex
isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1981, 14, 686-691.

31. Mycobacterium mucogenicum
• El primer aislamiento se hizo de un caso de
peritonitis asociada a dialisis.
• Springer lo describió como especie en 1995.
• No cromógena
• Se ha encontrado en fuentes de agua potable
• Raro en humanos
• Se asocia a infecciones de heridas por trauma
• Tto: Amika, claritro, doxi, TMP- S. Resist a R e I.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 175. pp 367–416, 2007

32. Mycobacterium immunogenum
Mycobacterium immunogenum Wilson et al. 2001, sp. nov.
Type strain: strain BH29 = MC 779 = ATCC 700505 =
DSM 45595.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA
gene sequence of the type strain: AJ812215.
Etymology: N.L. neut. adj. immunogenum, eliciting an
immune response.
Reference: WILSON (R.W.), STEINGRUBE (V.A.), BÖTTGER
(E.C.), SPRINGER (B.), BROWN-ELLIOTT (B.A.), VINCENT (V.),
JOST Jr. (K.C.), ZHANG (Y.), GARCIA (M.J.), CHIU (S.H.), ONYI
(G.O.), ROSSMOORE (H.), NASH (D.R.) and WALLACE Jr.
(R.J.):Mycobacterium immunogenum sp. nov., a novel
species related to Mycobacterium abscessus and associated
with clinical disease, pseudo-outbreaks and contaminated
metalworking fluids: an international cooperative study on
mycobacterial taxonomy. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.,
2001, 51, 1751-1764.

33. Mycobacterium immunogenum
• Recientemente descrito
• Infecciones asociadas a dispositivos
• Frecuentemente casusa infecciones de
piel
• Tto: amika, claritro.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 175. pp 367–416, 2007

34. Mycobacterium peregrinum
Mycobacterium peregrinum (ex Bojalil et al. 1962)
Kusunoki and Ezaki 1992, sp. nov., nom. rev.
Type strain: strain ATCC 14467 = CCUG 27976 = CIP
105382 = DSM 43271 = JCM 12142 = NCTC 10264.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S r
RNA gene sequence of the type strain: AY457069.
Synonym: "Mycobacterium peregrinum" Bojalil et al.
1962.
Etymology: L. neut. adj. peregrinum, strange, foreign.
Reference: KUSUNOKI (S.) and EZAKI (T.): Proposal
of Mycobacterium peregrinum sp. nov., nom. rev., and
elevationof Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. abscessus
(Kubica et al.) to species
status: Mycobacterium abscessus comb.
nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1992, 42, 240-245

35. Mycobacterium peregrinum
• Propuesta como nueva especie en
1962- 1992
• No cromógena
• En el hombre causa enfermedad
localizada
• Compromete pulmón, hueso y piel
• Tto: minociclina por 28 semanas
Case Rep Dermatol 2012; 4: 76 – 79.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 175. pp 367–416, 2007

36. Mycobacterium smegmatis
Mycobacterium smegmatis (Trevisan 1889) Lehmann and Neumann
1899, species.
Type strain: strain ATCC 19420 = CCUG 21002 = CCUG 21815 = CIP 104444
= DSM 43756 = JCM 5866 = JCM 6386 = NCTC 8159 = NRRL B-14616 = VKM
Ac-1239.
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequenc
e of the type strain: AJ131761.
Synonyms: "Bacillus smegmatis" Trevisan 1889, "Bacterium smegmatis"
(Trevisan 1889) Migula 1900,
"Mycobacterium paratuberculosis smegmatis" Bustinza 1951.
Etymology: L. n. smegma -atis, an unguent (for making the skin smooth), a
detergent, a cleansing medicine, and in biology the sebaceous humor; L.
gen. n. smegmatis, of smegma.
References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.)
(editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.,
1980, 30, 225-420 [1TREVISAN (V.): I. Generi e le Specie delle Batteriacee,
Zanaboni and Gabuzzi, Milano, 1889. 2 LEHMANN (K.B.) and NEUMANN
(R.): Lehmann's Medizin, Handatlanter X. Atlas und Grundriss der
Bakteriologie und Lehrbuch der speziellen bakteriologischen Diagnostik. 2
Aulf., JF. Lehmann, München, 1899, pp. 1-497.]

37. Mycobacterium smegmatis
• Descrito por Lustgarten en 1885
• Se encuentra en suelo y agua
• Infecciones de tejidos blandos y hueso
• Infecciones de sitio operatorio,
procedimientos estéticos, dispositivos
médicos.
• Tto: doxi, amika. No anti TB.

39. Nat rev micro. nov 2012