NRCS Manure Related Conservation Innovation Grants

NRCS Manure Related CIGs
Glenn H. Carpenter
National Leader Animal Husbandry
April 4, 2013

2
The ancient Egyptians hatched eggs in compost piles.

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Greeks and Romans believed that manure from a
rooster spread over the body would protect from
attack by lions and panthers.

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Pliny the Elder (first century AD) wrote of the belief
that hens manure massaged into the scalp would cure
baldness.

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John Adams Compost
"20 loads of sea weed, ….and 20 Loads of
Marsh Mud, and what dead ashes I can get
from the Potash Works and what Dung I
can get from Boston, and …..." This
mixture, combined with livestock waste,
weeds, and kitchen scraps“ in the Course
of a Year would make a great Quantity of
Choice manure. "

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Jefferson and manure
•In 1793, Thomas Jefferson wrote:
"We will try this winter to cover our garden with a
heavy coating of manure. When earth is rich it bids
defiance to droughts, yields in abundance, and of the
best quality.”

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George Washington and Manure
•In June 1785 GW had asked a friend to help
him find a farm manager in England who
knew how to …… above all, Midas like…
convert every thing he touches into manure,
as the first transmutation towards Gold"

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Washington’s composter
•In 1787 Washington gave detailed directions for
constructing his manure “repository”:
“When you go about the repository for the
compost ... if the bottom should not be of good
clay, put the clay there and ram it well before you
pave it, to prevent the liquid manure from sinking,
and thereby being lost.”

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Washington’s composter
•He also directed that the manure pit have masonry
sides and that the bottom was to be paved with
cobble stones. The repository was a long, narrow
building (31x12-ft in dimension) supported by posts
on a brick foundation on three sides and by posts
set directly into the ground on the fourth.

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Washington’s and NRCS’
composters

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Summary of
Conservation
Innovation Grants since
2004:
Conservation Innovation Grants
2002 Farm Bill
Up to 10 percent of EQIP
Demonstration and technology transfer

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Summary of
Conservation
Innovation Grants since
2004:
Summary of Conservation Innovation Grants
since 2004:
Almost 500 CIGs since 2004
181.7 Million dollars total

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Summary of Conservation Innovation
Grants since 2004:
122 Animal Related Grants
24.7 percent of grants have been animal related
$47.12 million dollars for animal related grants
26 percent of funds went to animal related grants

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Summary of Conservation Innovation Grants
since 2004:
96 manure related grants
19.5 percent of grants have been manure related
$39.6 million dollars for manure related grants
22 percent of funds went to manure related grants.

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Manure related CIGs
Varying degrees of success for
a number of reasons
•Lack of planning
•Lack of funding (match)
•Lack of understanding of the
grant

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Manure related CIGs
Projects have dealt with such technologies as
anaerobic digesters; community digesters;
environmental credit trading; lagoon
management; manure to energy generation;
alternative litter sources, storage, and
handling; and pathogen, odor, and emissions
mitigation, to name just a few.

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Successful manure related CIG
Entity Title
Outcome

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2004 successful manure related CIG
Alabama Mountains,
Rivers and Valleys
RC&D, Inc.
On-Farm Demonstrations of
Low Cost Alternatives for
Temporary Litter Facilities
Steel truss buildings showed an attractive cost-benefit ratio
and good farmer acceptance. Long-term performance has
not been evaluated – a potential problem in a caustic
environment.

21
University of Georgia
Research Foundation,
Inc.
Using cropping alternatives
to improve water quality in
high nutrient status farms
Identified a localized crop (Pearl Millet) that could be
grown to utilize soil phosphorus and improve
associated water quality. Pearl Millet is an acceptable
feed for poultry.

22
Wisconsin Department
of Agriculture, Trade,
and Consumer
Protection
Wisconsin's Dairy and
Livestock Air
Emission/Odor Project
Evaluated various BMPs. Provided NRCS with a
basis for recommending certain practices for
mitigating odors, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide
from dairies.

23
Iowa Cattleman's
Association
Vegetative Treatment
System Technology
Implementation
Looked at VTAs under varying situations. Resulted
in tech notes on the siting, design, and management
of VTAs, and a collaborative report on Vegetative
Treatment Systems for open feedlot runoff. Found
at: www.heartlandwq.iastate.edu
/ManureManagement/AlternativeTech/vtsguidance

24
Virginia Tech Precision Feeding to Reduce
Nutrient Losses from VA
Dairy Farms
Significant educational programming was
completed as part of this project. Worked directly
with over 200 farmers. Developed incentive
system. A total of 3 national webcasts (webinars),
8 conference presentations, 4 peer-reviewed
extension publications, 5 newsletters, and 2
abstracts were presented to farmers and their
advisors.

25
Washington State
University
Development and Integration of a
National Feed Management
Education Program and
Assessment Tools into a CNMP
Educational tools on feed management. Feed
management fact sheets. Training of TSPs for the feed
management CNMP. Creation of a Feed Nutrient
management tool. Fact sheets are available on WSU
dairy nutrient management page, or on LPES.

26
Penn State
University
Controlling Odor and Nutrient Losses
to Surface Runoff, Groundwater and
Air with New and Conventional
Manure Injection Technologies on No-
Till and Sod Soils
This project gave NRCS a scientific basis to recommend
certain manure application practices for reducing nutrient
losses to water and air in the Chesapeake Bay area.

27
Coaltec
Energy
USA, Inc.
Gasification of Poultry Litter to
Produce Bio-Energy for Heat
Learned that proper management and preparation of the gasifier
fuel is essential. Proper storage of litter, the addition of wood or
other material to manage the moisture content of the litter, and
changes to the feed system to provide a more consistent fuel to the
gasifier can be very beneficial to this system.

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Cayuga
County SWCD
Cayuga County Environmental
Regional Digester
This project demonstrated the value of mesophyllic
digester design to community digesters that co-digest
other products along with dairy waste. It showed the
value of large scale digesters and large scale digestion.

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Environmental
Credit Group
Providing Carbon Credit Incentives
for the Adoption of Lagoon Covers on
Hog Farms in NC and Dairies in NY
This project found that the possibility of covering
lagoons to flare methane is entirely possible, but the
current market price and condition for greenhouse gas
credits was not found to be sufficient to stimulate farmers
to adopt this technology.

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Brinson Farms Methane Capture on Broiler Poultry
Farm for Renewable Energy and
Environmental Protection
This project was successful from the standpoint of
methane production and energy generation from broiler
litter, but the need to add water to bring the litter from
approximately 30 to over 90 percent moisture and the
associated problems with handling the high moisture
digestate leaves questions unanswered.

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Washington
State
University
Decision aid tool to enhance adoption of
feed management 592 practice standard
feed nutrient management planning
economics FNMP
WSU refined the FNMP$ tool, and developed case
studies. Develop and distribute a "Users Guide" on the
Decision Aid Tool to NRCS. Conduct then quantify the
results of training workshops. Publish fact sheet on the
newly developed Assessment Tool with cost savings and
feed management strategies at the whole farm scale.

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2010 manure related CIGs
University of Maryland
Eastern Shore
Gypsum Curtains:
Reducing soluble
phosphorous (P) losses
from P-saturated soils on
poultry operations
Western United Dairymen
Water balance approach for
seepage measurements
from liquid dairy manure
storage ponds

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WNC Communities
Innovative composting for
western North Carolina
livestock facility
Fermentation
Experts, Inc.
Fermented liquid feeding to
reduce phosphorous in swine
manure

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The University of Vermont
and State Agricultural
College
Digging Deeper: New and
Innovative Tools to Improve
Nutrient Management of Livestock
and Specialty Crop Farms
Washington State
University
An integrated nutrient recovery,
Class-A fiber production process,
and H2S scrubbing system that
works in series with dairy manure
anaerobic digesters—farm-scale
demonstration on two Washington
State

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Washington State University
Impact of Anaerobic
Digestion on Air Quality in
a Community Anaerobic
Digester
The Pennsylvania State
University
Without Carrot or Stick:
Promoting BMPs on Small
Dairy Farms

36
Great Lakes Ag Energy,
LLC
Use of a constructed wetland
and a mass culture of attached,
filamentous algae to compliment
methane-digester technology in
managing dairy-farm
phosphorus runoff
NC State University
Manure Belt Collection System
and Energy Recovery System

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National Fish and
Wildlife Foundation
Using excess manure to generate farm
income in the Chesapeake’s phosphorus
hotspots
AviHome, LLC.
Commercial demonstration of the
Reduction of Ammonia Production and
other environmental Benefits in Poultry
Houses through use of a Plenum
Flooring System

38
Cornell University
Demonstration and Validation of
vermicompost based fertilizers and
substrates in greenhouse production as an
organic nutrient source that returns animal
waste to plant production while reducing
nutrient leaching to the environment
Rodale Institute
Nutrient management in organic no-till
systems

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University of Idaho
Demonstration and evaluation of
alternative manure management
techniques in Southern Idaho
University of Kentucky
Research Foundation
Compost bedded pack barn
housing system for dairy manure
storage/treatment

40
Greentrust Alliance, Inc.
Application of Innovative
Bioremediation technology to
N/P Removal Associated with
Agricultural Operations
Quasar Energy Group, LLC
Anaerobic Digester Facility to
process livestock waste and
divert nutrients from the
watershed

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Penn. State University
Use of stackable material
anaerobic digester for combined
heat and power generation,
manure odor reduction and food
waste energy recovery
Eastern Shore RC&D
On Farm demonstration of
energy generation and
phosphorus recycling as an
alternative to land application of
poultry litter on the DelMarVA

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Summary
Through the use of a number of conservation
practice technologies NRCS can help
farmers and ranchers handle manure and
other waste products in such a way that there
is no negative impact on water or air quality.

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Summary
Through the CIG program, NRCS can help
bring new technologies to the forefront by
providing a means of technology transfer,
either directly to industry, or through inclusion
of the new technology in NRCS’ conservation
practice standards.

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Summary
For more information about CIG go to the
CIG webpage at:
http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ main/na

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References
•Smith, Page, The Chicken Book, (Boston: Little, Brown,
1975)
•John Adams, Diary and Autobiography of Adams, ed. L.
H. Butterfield (Cambridge, Mass.. Belknap Press of
Harvard University Press, 1961), 1:249
•George Washington Papers, Library of Congress.
•http://www.monticello.org/grounds/veg_nineteenth.html

NRCS Manure Related Conservation Innovation Grants

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