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FEEDLOT NH3 BP ADOPTION:
BARRIERS AND OPPORTUNITIES

                 FROM WASTE TO WORTH:
          “SPREADING” SCIENCE AND SOLUTIONS
J. Pritchett, C. Davidson, N. Embertson and J. Davis

                      APRIL 3, 2013
                    DENVER, COLORADO




                                                           James Pritchett
                                                Colorado State University
                                              Dept. of Ag. Res. Economics
                                           James.Pritchett@ColoState.edu
                                                            970-491-5496
Adoption of BP Objectives
Overall Goal: Assist the industry and educators in
 targeting best practice opportunities for NH3 emission
 reduction. Objectives include ….

• Benchmarking the current use of BP that influence emissions,

• Exploring the best means for eliciting BP and demographic
  information,

• Determining primary influencers of adoption in order to inform
  education and assistance.
A Exploratory Experience:
The 4 State Survey
Who we surveyed in :
 ▫   Questionnaire to feedlots in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska and
     Iowa in 2008.
 ▫   Initial mailing followed by postcard reminder ten days later
     followed by second questionnaire mailing to non-respondents,
 ▫   160 feedlot responses, low response rate.


Information requested:
 ▫   Adoption of 13 BP’s,
 ▫   Economic and environmental perceptions of BPs,
 ▫   Farm characteristics and socioeconomic information.
Best Practices Evaluated in Survey
            • Measuring and adjusting dietary crude protein to
              meet animal needs
Nutrition   • Hiring a nutritionist
BMPs        • Practicing group feeding
            • Using feed additives
            • Providing shade in drylot pens
Drylot      • Applying acidifier to drylot surface
BMPs        • Applying water to drylot surface
            • Providing bedding in drylot
            • Removing manure more than four times/year
Manure      • Collect runoff water from buildings and pens
BMPs        • Incorporating manure within 48 hours after
              application
            • Testing manure, effluent, or compost for nutrients
            • Performing a yearly soil test for cropland nutrients
What BMP’s are the survey
 respondents using?
    Best Management Practice                                  Use Rate
    Use feed additives (ADD)                                     96%
    Measure crude protein (PROTEIN)                              93%
    Practice group feeding (GROUP)                               88%
    Perform yearly soil test (SOIL)                              78%
    Hire a nutritionist (NUTRITION)                              77%
    Collect runoff water (RUNOFF)                                67%
    Remove manure (CLEAN)                                        60%
    Test for nutrients (TEST)                                    59%
    Provide bedding in drylot pens (BED)                         52%
    Incorporate manure (INCORPORATE)                             42%
    Provide shade in drylot pens (SHADE)                         34%
    Apply water to drylot surface (SURFACE)                      28%
    Apply an acidifier to the surface of drylot pens (ACID)      3%
Respondents’ Perceptions about BP’s
                                                               Do you think the BP ….
    BMP                                                                requires technical
                                              is profitable?              assistance?       is costly?
    PROTEIN                                        4.4                        4.0               2.6
    NUTRITION                                      4.1                        4.2                3.1
    ADD                                            4.3                         3.7              3.2
    GROUP                                          4.1                         2.1               2.1
    SHADE                                          3.4                        2.2               3.4
    SURFACE                                        2.9                         2.1              3.4
    ACID                                           2.5                        3.0               3.4
    CLEAN                                          3.7                         2.1              3.5
    BED                                            3.2                         1.9              3.8
    RUNOFF                                         3.0                        3.2               3.9
    INCORPORATE                                    3.4                        2.2               3.5
    TEST                                           3.8                        4.0               3.4
    SOIL                                           4.0                        4.2               3.5


    *Respondents asked to rate on a 5 point Likert scale: 1 is strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree
Probability of Adopting BMP by Profit Perception

                               5
 Perception of Profitability




                               4

                               3
                                                                               Bedding

                                                                               Soil
                               2
                                                                               Test
                               1                                               Incorporate
                                   0   0.2      0.4     0.6     0.8        1

                                             Probability of Adopting BMP
Probability of Adopting BMP by Size
               50000

               40000
Head, Cattle




               30000
                                                                        Nutrition
               20000                                                    Clean
                                                                        Runoff
               10000                                                    Test
                                                                        Shade
                  0
                   0.00     0.20     0.40     0.60    0.80       1.00
                                   Probability of Adopting BMP
Probability of Adoption by Type
     Attribute(s)       NUTR   CLEAN   SOIL   RUNOFF   TEST
Average Producer                                              Legend
Small                                                   x              0.90-0.99
Large                                                                  0.75-0.89
V. Large                                                               0.60-0.75
High Profit, Average                                                   0.50-0.59
High Profit, Small                                               x     < 0.50
High Profit, Large
High Profit, V. Large                                         Small    500
Low Profit, Avg. size                                         Large    10,000
Low Profit, Small        x                                    V. Large 30,000
Low Cost, Small
High Tech, Avg. size
Low Tech, Avg. size
Low Tech, Small
Percent Adopting        77%     60%    78%     67%     59%
Future Opportunities
• Update BP information to match current science
  and attitudes.

• Benchmark current BP use for trend analysis.

• Repeat adoption analysis for purposes of
  targeting education and assistance.

• Synthesize and/or estimate benefits and costs
  for select BP’s.
Suggestions, Questions and
Comments

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Feedlot Ammonia Best Practice Adoption: Barriers and Opportunities

  • 1. FEEDLOT NH3 BP ADOPTION: BARRIERS AND OPPORTUNITIES FROM WASTE TO WORTH: “SPREADING” SCIENCE AND SOLUTIONS J. Pritchett, C. Davidson, N. Embertson and J. Davis APRIL 3, 2013 DENVER, COLORADO James Pritchett Colorado State University Dept. of Ag. Res. Economics James.Pritchett@ColoState.edu 970-491-5496
  • 2. Adoption of BP Objectives Overall Goal: Assist the industry and educators in targeting best practice opportunities for NH3 emission reduction. Objectives include …. • Benchmarking the current use of BP that influence emissions, • Exploring the best means for eliciting BP and demographic information, • Determining primary influencers of adoption in order to inform education and assistance.
  • 3. A Exploratory Experience: The 4 State Survey Who we surveyed in : ▫ Questionnaire to feedlots in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska and Iowa in 2008. ▫ Initial mailing followed by postcard reminder ten days later followed by second questionnaire mailing to non-respondents, ▫ 160 feedlot responses, low response rate. Information requested: ▫ Adoption of 13 BP’s, ▫ Economic and environmental perceptions of BPs, ▫ Farm characteristics and socioeconomic information.
  • 4. Best Practices Evaluated in Survey • Measuring and adjusting dietary crude protein to meet animal needs Nutrition • Hiring a nutritionist BMPs • Practicing group feeding • Using feed additives • Providing shade in drylot pens Drylot • Applying acidifier to drylot surface BMPs • Applying water to drylot surface • Providing bedding in drylot • Removing manure more than four times/year Manure • Collect runoff water from buildings and pens BMPs • Incorporating manure within 48 hours after application • Testing manure, effluent, or compost for nutrients • Performing a yearly soil test for cropland nutrients
  • 5. What BMP’s are the survey respondents using? Best Management Practice Use Rate Use feed additives (ADD) 96% Measure crude protein (PROTEIN) 93% Practice group feeding (GROUP) 88% Perform yearly soil test (SOIL) 78% Hire a nutritionist (NUTRITION) 77% Collect runoff water (RUNOFF) 67% Remove manure (CLEAN) 60% Test for nutrients (TEST) 59% Provide bedding in drylot pens (BED) 52% Incorporate manure (INCORPORATE) 42% Provide shade in drylot pens (SHADE) 34% Apply water to drylot surface (SURFACE) 28% Apply an acidifier to the surface of drylot pens (ACID) 3%
  • 6. Respondents’ Perceptions about BP’s Do you think the BP …. BMP requires technical is profitable? assistance? is costly? PROTEIN 4.4 4.0 2.6 NUTRITION 4.1 4.2 3.1 ADD 4.3 3.7 3.2 GROUP 4.1 2.1 2.1 SHADE 3.4 2.2 3.4 SURFACE 2.9 2.1 3.4 ACID 2.5 3.0 3.4 CLEAN 3.7 2.1 3.5 BED 3.2 1.9 3.8 RUNOFF 3.0 3.2 3.9 INCORPORATE 3.4 2.2 3.5 TEST 3.8 4.0 3.4 SOIL 4.0 4.2 3.5 *Respondents asked to rate on a 5 point Likert scale: 1 is strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree
  • 7. Probability of Adopting BMP by Profit Perception 5 Perception of Profitability 4 3 Bedding Soil 2 Test 1 Incorporate 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Probability of Adopting BMP
  • 8. Probability of Adopting BMP by Size 50000 40000 Head, Cattle 30000 Nutrition 20000 Clean Runoff 10000 Test Shade 0 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 Probability of Adopting BMP
  • 9. Probability of Adoption by Type Attribute(s) NUTR CLEAN SOIL RUNOFF TEST Average Producer Legend Small x 0.90-0.99 Large 0.75-0.89 V. Large 0.60-0.75 High Profit, Average 0.50-0.59 High Profit, Small x < 0.50 High Profit, Large High Profit, V. Large Small 500 Low Profit, Avg. size Large 10,000 Low Profit, Small x V. Large 30,000 Low Cost, Small High Tech, Avg. size Low Tech, Avg. size Low Tech, Small Percent Adopting 77% 60% 78% 67% 59%
  • 10. Future Opportunities • Update BP information to match current science and attitudes. • Benchmark current BP use for trend analysis. • Repeat adoption analysis for purposes of targeting education and assistance. • Synthesize and/or estimate benefits and costs for select BP’s.