Vitamins are essential for body.

1. ROLE OF VITAMINS
BY,
LARIZA.T.R

2. WHAT ARE VITAMINS ?
• Organic molecules that are essential for normal growth and
health.
• Required in trace amount
• Must be obtained from diet because they are not synthesized
in the body
• They also act as cofactors for enzymatic reaction.

4. TYPES OF VITAMINS
FAT SOLUBLE
• Vitamin A
• Vitamin D
• Vitamin E
• Vitamin K
WATER SOLUBLE
• Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
• Vitamin B2(Riboflavin)
• Vitamin B3(Niacin)
• Vitamin B5(Pantothenic acid)
• Vitamin B6(Pyridoxine)
• Vitamin B8(Biotin)
• Vitamin B9(Folic acid)
• Vitamin B12(Cyanocobalamine)
• Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)

5. VITAMIN A
 It is obtained from meats and beta-carotenes from
plants.
 Beta-carotenes are converted as retinol by liver enzyme.
 It functions directly in vision, especially in night vision.
 Healthy skin

6. Sources of vitamin A

7. Signs of deficiency
 night blindness
 decreased resistance to
infections
 extremely dry skin, hair

8. VITAMIN D
 Is synthesized in skin when exposed to sunlight
 important in calcium metabolism in animals to form strong
bones and teeth

9. Sources of vitamin D

10. Signs of deficiency
rickets

11. VITAMIN E
 Anti-fertility hormone
 it act as antioxidant in body tissues and may
prolong life by slowing oxidative destruction
of membrane.
 it used to retard rancidity in fats

12. Sources of vitamin E

13. Signs of deficiency
• Can cause infertility

14. VITAMIN K
Fat soluble compounds essential for blood clotting
Its letter name ‘K’ comes from the Danish word koagulation
Higher needs in newborn
It is mainly seen in green leafy vegetables.

15. Sources of vitamin K

16. Signs of deficiency
Increase in clotting time.

17. VITAMIN B1 (thiamin)
First indentified B vitamin.
Is part of coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TTP).
TTP coenzyme is required by enzymes in
decarboxylation of α-keto carboxylic acid.

18. Sources of vitamin B1

19. Signs of deficiency
beriberi

20. VITAMIN B2 (Riboflavin)
Made up of sugar alcohol ribitol and flavin
Part of coenzymes flavin adenosine
dinucleotide(FAD) and flavin
mononucleotide(FMN).
For good vision and healthy skin

21. Sources of vitamin B2

22. Signs of deficiency
Cheilosis
Mouth ulcers

23. VITAMIN B3 (Niacin)
• Is part of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
(NAD+) ivolved in redox reaction.

24. Sources of vitamin B3

25. Signs of deficiency
Pellegra
dermatitis

26. VITAMIN B5(Pantothenic acid)
Part of coenzyme A needed for energy production as
well as glucose and cholestrol synthesis.
Necessary for glycogen, hormones

27. Sources of vitamin B5

28. Signs of deficiency
Paresthesia
Muscle cramps

29. Vitamin B6(Pyridoxine)
Pyridoxine and pyridoxal are two forms of vitamin B6
,which are coverted to the coenzyme pyridoxal
phosphate(PLP).
PLP is requires in decarboxylation of carboxylic acid
and transamination of amino acid.

30. Sources of vitamin B6

31. Signs of deficiency
Dermatitis
Fatigue
Anemia

32. Vitamin B12(Cyanocobalamine)
Consist of four pyrrole rings with Co2+
Is a coenzyme for enzymes for transfer of methyl group
and produce red blood cells.
Involved in nucleic acid synthesis
Fat metabolism
Conversion of carbohydrate to fat

33. Sources of vitamin B12

34. Signs of deficiency
Pernicious anemia
Nerve damage

35. Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
Collagen synthesis, wound healing, blood vessel
maintenance and immunity.
Works as antioxidant

36. Sources of vitamin C

37. Signs of deficiency
Scurvy