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1. Kinetic Molecular Theory
States of Matter
Phase Changes

2. Kinetic Molecular Theory # 1
 Matter is composed of small particles
(molecules). The measure of space
that the molecules occupy (volume) is
derived from the space in between the
molecules and not the space the
molecules contain themselves.

3. Evidence
 Food coloring in water
 Dust particles in air
 Gold hammered into foil
 Oil spreading on the surface of water
 Condensation of water vapor by
increased pressure

4. Kinetic Molecular Theory #2
 The molecules are in
constant motion. This
motion is different for
the 3 states of matter.
 Solid – vibrate in
position
 Liquid - Molecules
will flow or glide over
one another, Motion
is a bit faster than
solid
 Gas – Molecules
move freely of each
other and at a greater
speed

5. Kinetic Molecular Theory # 3
 When the molecules collide with each
other, or with the walls of a container,
there is no loss of energy – energy is
transferred

6. Temperature effect on Physical
Properties *directly proportional*
Increases
 Kinetic energy of
particles increases
 Volume increases
 Solid changes to
liquid – liquid
changes to gas
 Viscosity increases
 Malleability
increases
Decreases
 Kinetic energy of
particles decreases
 Volume decreases
 Gas changes to
liquid – liquid
changes to solid
 Viscosity decreases
 Malleability
decreases

7. Viscosity

8. Volume

9. Malleability
 To determine if something is malleable – ask
the question could it be easily bent or flattened
into a sheet
 Think about when you first take the play-doh
out of the container – Is it easy to work with?
 What happens as heat is transferred from your
hands?
 Is everything malleable?
 What are examples of things that would be
malleable?

10. Review
 Which would have a greater viscosity –
honey or water?
 If I decreased the temperature of honey
what would happen to the viscosity? If I
increased the temperature of honey what
would happen to the viscosity?
 What does malleable mean?
 Give one example of evidence to prove
that matter is in constant motion.

11. BrainPop
 States of Matter

12. Liquid
 Fixed volume –
takes the shape of
the container
 Close together, but
in a random pattern
 Moving faster than a
solid, but slower than
a gas

13. Solid
 Fixed volume and
shape
 Packed together in a
pattern
 Vibrate in position

14. Gas
 No fixed shape or
volume – spread out
to fill the container
 widely spaced out
 Move rapidly,
frequently colliding
with each other and
the side of the
container

15. BrainPop Quiz
 States of Matter

16. BrainPop
 Phases of Matter

17. Solid to Liquid
 Heat is added – kinetic energy increases and
weakens attractive forces between particles
 At the melting point the solid melts into a liquid

18. Liquid to Gas
 Heat is added to the liquid – kinetic energy increases
and weakens attractive forces between particles
 begin to boil when reach the boiling point
 temp increases particles move even faster and over
come the attractive forces and evaporate forming a
gas

19. Gas to Liquid
 Heat is lost from the gas – attractive forces
become stronger - kinetic energy decreases
 when enough heat is given off the particles
condense into a liquid

20. Liquid to Solid
 Heat is lost – kinetic energy decreases and
increases attractive forces between particles
 At the freezing point the liquid becomes a solid

21. Sublimation
 When a solid changes directly into a gas
without melting
 EX: smaller ice cubes in the back of the
freezer

22. Cooling Curve
Gas to Liquid to Solid

23. Heating Curve
Solid to Liquid to Gas

24. Summary

25. BrainPop Quiz
 Phases of Matter