![Ch 13: Central Nervous System: Part 2 Explain spinal cord anatomy, including gray and white matter and meninges (give the general functions of this organ). Discuss the structure and functions of the spinal nerves and plexuses. Describe the structural components of reflexes. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/chapter13cnspart2marieb-101020231345-phpapp02/85/chapter13-cns-part2marieb-1-320.jpg)
![1. Cranial Meninges ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2. Arachnoid - spidery, holds blood vessels 3. Pia mater - "delicate mother" Note: Subdural hematoma Three layers:](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Chapter13 cns part2marieb
- 3. The meninges
- 6. Arachnoid granulations: This is where the CSF produced in the choroid plexuses of the ventricles and which has circulated into the subarachnoid space is reabsorbed. Longitudinal fissure
- 10. Cervical Enlargement Gray matter expanded to incorporate more sensory input from limbs and more cell bodies for motor control of limbs
- 11. Lumbar Enlargement See fig 14-1
- 12. Spinal Meninges 3) Pia mater 2) Arachnoid 1) Dura mater Three membranes surround all of CNS 1) Dura mater - "tough mother", strong. Note the Epidural Space. 2) Arachnoid - spidery looking, carries blood vessels, etc. Note the Subarachnoid space which contains CSF 3) Pia mater - "delicate mother", adheres tightly to surface of spinal cord 2a) Subarachnoid Space
- 13. Transverse Section Fig 13.30 Compare the spinal roots with the model of the vertebral column in the lab. Note that the dura covers both the dorsal and ventral roots.
- 15. Sectional anatomy of spinal cord Outer white part; inner gray butterfly
- 16. Lumbar Puncture (= Spinal Tap) For clinical examination of CSF or administration of radiopaque dyes, drugs and anesthetics However: mostly “epidurals” for anesthetics L3 S1
- 21. Ascending and Descending Tracts
Notes de l'éditeur
- Buoyancy : brain weight in air: about 1.4 kg – in CSF about 50 g (= 97% lighter) because it is only a little denser than the CSF. Protects brain from crushing itself. Arachnoid granulations only appear at about 3 years of age. Infants are therefore especially sensitive to alterations or hyperactivity of the choroid plexuses.l
- Alcohol, nicotine and anesthetics can diffuse through BBB. Blood borne toxins (urea, food toxins, bacterial toxins) cannot get through. Recent discovery: During prolonged emotional stress the tight junctions of the BBB are opened.
- 31 pairs of spinal nerves – designated as are vertebrae a. 8 cervical b. 12 thoracic c. 5 lumbar d. 5 sacral
- do NOT require cerebral processing but can be modified by cerebral control