1. Online Five Days FDP on - CYBER SECURITY & ETHICAL HACKING
Session 13
05/06/2020 1130 Hrs to 1300 Hrs
Cyber Security Laws and Guidelines
(IT Act 2000)
J.Santhanakrishnan
(Formerly Dy GM BSNL)
Chief Technical Officer
Tamilnadu Cable TV Corporation ,Chennai.
9444001323
bsnljsk@gmail.com
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2. Motivation
1. With Computer systems ,network and internet getting percolated into the fabric of the
society the importance of knowledge on cyber security and how it is breached are to
be well understood for mitigating the problems of cyber crime .
2. The requirement of legislation for controlling cyber crimes.
3. Common cyber crime scenarios and applicability of legal sections.
4. To ensure that technology grows in a healthy manner and is used for legal and ethical
business growth and not for committing crimes
5. For this FDP, end to end understanding of the subject “cyber security “ will not be
complete unless we learn about cyber laws and its applications.
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3. Learning objective
At the end of the programme all participants will have a very good comfort
level while dealing with Cyber security subject to make students understand
that there are adequate laws are in force in India for offences committed
breaching cyber security in Computer systems, network ,internet and
anything related to virtual world.
The faculty will disseminate the idea to the student
community that in virtual world everything has to
be done only for constructive purpose only and not
otherwise.
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4. TRADITIONAL v/s CYBER SPACE
Trespass
Theft
Hurt
Wrongful
restraint
Forgery
Cheating
Copyrights
Obscene
Material
Hacking
Data theft
Virus,
Worms,
Trojans
Denial of
Service
Data
Diddling
Spoof,
Phishing
Intellectual
Property
crime
Pornography

5. CYBERFRAUDS
Fraud using computer/
technology compared to
traditional methods
Virtual victim = Data
Wrongful access
Alter by false entries
(data entry level)
Alter by conceal/ edit/ delete
Misuse
Vulnerabilities of technology exhaust
valuable resources belonging to entity
using that technology
Type of fraud is only limited by
the
imagination of the fraudster

6. PROBLEM SIZE
Over 40,000 incidents reported
each year in India
About 30,000 Indian websites
hacked every year
Over 50,000 spam email reported
to CERT-In every year
Culprits - 7% neighbors or family,
5% students, 3% employee, 2.5%
business competitor
69% increase in Cyber Crime
74% increase in arrests of Cyber
criminals
54% criminals between 18-30 yrs.
Age
Out of 12248 cases, 65% pending
investigation
(2014, Crime in India, NCRB)
CERT in :Indian Computer Emergency Response Team

7. Shani Shignapur Village
Maharashtra
No doors
No thefts
No Police Station
HOW SAFE AREYOU

8. FUTURE
More Browser and Web-Based InfectionExploits
More Sophisticated Social Engineering
More Ransomware
BYOD Vulnerabilities
New Attack Vectors in the Internet ofThings
Therefore the need for Cyber Law(IT Act) is obvious…….

9. Cyber Law is the law governing cyber space.
Cyber space is a very wide term and includes computers, networks,
software, data storage devices (such as hard disks, USB disks etc), the
Internet, websites, emails and even electronic devices such as cell phones,
ATM machines etc.
What is Cyber Law?
Cyber law encompasses laws relating to:
Cyber Crimes
Electronic and Digital Signatures
Intellectual Property Data Protection and Privacy

10. Cyber Security Law:
What does IT Act 2000 legislation deals with?
 Legal Recognition of Digital Signatures
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 Legal Recognition of Electronic Documents
 Offenses and Contraventions
 Justice Dispensation Systems for cyber crimes.

11. Why did the need for IT Amendment Act 2008 (ITAA)
arise?
The IT Act 2000, being the first legislation on technology, computers,
e-commerce and e-communication, there was elaborate reviews with
one arm of the industry citing some sections of the Act to be draconian
and other stating it is too diluted and lenient.
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There were some obvious omissions too resulting in the investigators
relying more and more on the time-tested (one and half century-old)
Indian Penal Code even in technology based cases with the IT Act also
being referred in the process with the reliance more on IPC rather on the
ITA.

12. Why did the need for IT Amendment Act 2008 (ITAA)
arise?
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With the increasing threat of terrorism in the country, the
new amendments include an amended section 69, giving
power to the state to issue directions for interception or
monitoring of decryption of any information through any
computer resource.
Sections 69A and B, two new sections, grant power to the
state to issue directions for blocking for public access of
any information through any computer resource and to
authorize to monitor and collect traffic data or
information through any computer resource for cyber
security.

13. How is IT Act structured?
The Act totally has 13 chapters and 90 sections.
Sections 91 to 94 deal with the amendments to the four Acts
namely Indian Penal Code 1860, The Indian Evidence Act 1872,
The Bankers’ Books Evidence Act 1891 and the Reserve Bank of
India Act 1934.
The Act has chapters that deal with authentication of electronic
records, electronic signatures etc.
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14. What is the applicability of IT Act?
The Act extends to the whole of India and except as otherwise
provided, it also applies to any offence or contravention there
under committed outside India by any person.
Rules and procedures mentioned in the Act have also been laid
down in a phased manner, defined as recently as April 2011.
Indian Courts Can Try Offences Committed by Indian in Foreign Country,
Rules Bench, THE HINDU (Sept. 9, 2011).)
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15. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ACT 2000
(Amended in 2008)
• Offences Defined
• Tampering of Source
Code
• Damage to computer
system
• Hacking
• Data theft/ stolen
password/ identity/
impersonation
• Pornography
• Access of Protected
Systems
• CCA can order
interception/ decryption
• Cases will be tried by normal courts
• Inspector & above can investigate
• Digital evidence is
admissible
• Power to search public places - Cyber cafes

16. SELECTED IT ACT SECTIONS

17. Related Case: Mphasis BPO Fraud: 2005
In December 2004, four call centre employees, working at an outsourcing
facility operated by MphasiS in India, obtained PIN codes from four customers
of MphasiS’ client, Citi Group. These employees were not authorized to obtain
the PINs. In association with others, the call centre employees opened new
accounts at Indian banks using false identities. Within two months, they used
the PINs and account information gleaned during their employment at MphasiS
to transfer money from the bank accounts of CitiGroup customers to the new
accounts at Indian banks.
By April 2005, the Indian police had tipped off to the scam by a U.S. bank, and
quickly identified the individuals involved in the scam. Arrests were made when
those individuals attempted to withdraw cash from the falsified accounts,
$426,000 was stolen; the amount recovered was$230,000.
Verdict: Court held that Section 43(a) was applicable here due to the nature of unauthorized
access involved to commit transactions.
Penalty and Compensation for damage to computer,
computer system, etc
Section 43
Section 43 of the Information Technology Act 2000 (“IT Act”)
provides that if any person accesses a computer, computer
system or computer network without permission of the
owner, or downloads, copies and extracts any data, or
causes disruption of any system; inter alia, they will be liable
to pay damages by way of compensation to the person so
affected.
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18. Tampering with Computer Source Documents
Related Case: Syed Asifuddin and Ors. Vs. The State of
Andhra Pradesh
In this case, Tata Indicom employees were arrested for
manipulation of the electronic 32- bit number (ESN)
programmed into cell phones theft were exclusively franchised
to Reliance Infocomm.
Verdict: Court held that tampering with source code invokes
Section 65 of the Information Technology Act.
Section 65
Section 65: Tampering with source documents is dealt
with under this section. Concealing, destroying,altering
any computer source code when the same is required to
be kept or maintained by law is an offence punishable
with three years imprisonment or two lakh rupees or with
both.
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19. Section 66 -Computer related offences
Objective
It may be observed that all acts under S.66 are cognizable and non-
bailable offences.
Intention or the knowledge to cause wrongful loss to others ie the
existence of criminal intention and the evil mind ie concept of mens
rea, destruction, deletion, alteration or diminishing in value or utility of
data are all the major ingredients to bring any act under this Section
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Definition. Generally, cognisable offence means an offence in which a police officer
has the authority to make an arrest without a warrant and to start an investigation with
or without the permission of a court. ... Normally,
serious offences are defined as cognisable and usually carry a sentence of 3 years or
more
Mens rea is the mental
element of a person's
intention to commit a
crime; or knowledge
that one's action or
lack of action would
cause a crime to be
committed.

20. Section 66- Computer related offences
• Data theft stated in Section 43 is referred to in this Section. Whereas it was
a plain and simple civil offence with the remedy of compensation and
damages only, in that Section, here it is the same act but with a criminal
intention thus making it a criminal offence.
• The act of data theft or the offence stated in Section 43 if done dishonestly
or fraudulently becomes a punishable offence under this Section and
attracts imprisonment upto three years or a fine of five lakh rupees or both
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21. Section 66 Computer related offences
Earlier hacking was defined in Sec 66 and it was an offence.
Now after the amendment, data theft of Sec 43 is being referred to in
Sec 66 by making this section more purposeful and the word ‘hacking’
is not used. The word ‘hacking’ was earlier called a crime in this Section
and at the same time, courses on ‘ethical hacking’ were also taught
academically.
It would be relevant to note that the technology involved in both is the
same and the act is the same, whereas in ‘hacking’ the owner’s
consent is obtained or assumed and the latter act ‘cracking’ is
perceived to be an offence.
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22. • Cracking: Their goal may be to steal credit card information, to get
private data that can be leveraged for illegal activity, to get private
data and sell it, or to simply destroy the data.
• Hacking: Hackers are those who build and create. They learn and
discover different computer systems, networks and often have
previous experience in programming which only adds to their
extensive knowledge. They build secure environments.
• The approach hackers take is also similar to the one crackers use; they
get into systems and networks to find loopholes in security, but the
motivation behind their actions is purely non-malicious and ethical.
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23. Section 66 - Computer Related Offences
Related Case: Kumar v/s Whiteley
In this case the accused gained unauthorized access to the Joint Academic Network
(JANET) and deleted, added files and changed the passwords to deny access to the
authorized users.
Investigations had revealed that Kumar was logging on to the BSNL broadband Internet
connection as if he was the authorized genuine user and ‘made alteration in the
computer database pertaining to broadband Internet user accounts’ of the subscribers.
The CBI had registered a cyber crime case against Kumar and carried out investigations
on the basis of a complaint by the Press Information Bureau, Chennai, which detected
the unauthorised use of broadband Internet. He used to ‘hack’ sites from Bangalore,
Chennai and other cities too, they said.
Section 66 of the IT Act provides that if any person,
dishonestly or fraudulently, commits any act referred to in
Section 43, it will be punishable with imprisonment for a
term of up to three years or with fine of up to five lakh
rupees , or with both.
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24. Section 66A - Punishment for sending offensive
messages through communication service
In 2009, a 15-year-old Bangalore teenager was arrested by the cyber
crime investigation cell (CCIC) of the city crime branch for allegedly
sending a hoax e-mail to a private news channel. In the e-mail, he
claimed to have planted five bombs in Mumbai, challenging the police
to find them before it was too late. At around 1p.m. on May 25, the
news channel received an e-mail that read: “I have planted five bombs
in Mumbai; you have two hours to find it.” The police, who were
alerted immediately, traced the Internet Protocol (IP) address to Vijay
Nagar in Bangalore. The Internet service provider for the account was
BSNL.
Section 66A Sending offensive messages thro
communication service, causing annoyance etc through an
electronic communication or sending an email to mislead or
deceive the recipient about the origin of such messages
(commonly known as IP or email spoofing) are all covered
here. Punishment for these
acts is imprisonment upto three years or fine.
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25. A graduate student at University of faked his own
death, complete with a forged obituary in his local
paper. Nine months later, Li attempted to obtain a
new driver’s license with the intention of applying
for new credit cards eventually.
Section 66C - Punishment for identity theft
Section 66C Electronic signature or other identity
theft like using others’ password or electronic
signature etc. Punishment is three years
imprisonment or fine of one lakh rupees or both.
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26. Section 66D - Punishment for cheating by impersonation by
using computer resource
The company has a web-site in the name and and style
`www.jaypolychem.com' but, another web site `www.jayplychem.org' was
set up in the internet by first accused Samdeep Varghese @ Sam, (who was
dismissed from the company) in conspiracy with other accused, including
Preeti and Charanjeet Singh, who are the sister and brother-in- law of `Sam'
Defamatory and malicious matters about the company and its directors were
made available in that website. The accused sister and brother-in-law were
based in Cochin and they had been acting in collusion known and unknown
persons, who have collectively cheated the company and committed acts of
forgery, impersonation etc.
Section 66D Cheating by personation using
computer resource or a communication device
shall be punished
with imprisonment of either description for a term
which extend to three years and shall also be liable
to
fine which may extend to one lakh rupee.
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27. Section 66E - Punishment for violation of privacy
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In a severe shock to the prestigious and renowned institute -
Jawaharlal Nehru University, a pornographic MMS clip was
apparently made in the campus and transmitted outside the
university.
Some media reports claimed that the two accused students initially
tried to extort money from the girl in the video but when they failed
the culprits put the video out on mobile phones, on the internet and
even sold it as a CD in the blue film market.
Section 66E Privacy violation – Publishing
or transmitting private area of any person
without his or her consent
etc. Punishment is three years
imprisonment or two lakh rupees fine or
both.

28. Section-66F Cyber Terrorism
The Mumbai police have registered a case of ‘cyber terrorism’—the first in the
state since an amendment to the Information Technology Act—where a threat
email was sent to the BSE and NSE on Monday. The MRA Marg police and the
Cyber Crime Investigation Cell are jointly probing the case. The suspect has been
detained in this case.
The police said an email challenging the security agencies to prevent a terror attack
was sent with an ID sh.itaiyeb125@yahoo.in to BSE’s administrative email ID
corp.relations@bseindia.com at around 10.44 am on Monday.
The IP address of the sender has been traced to Patna in Bihar. The ISP is Sify. The
email ID was created just four minutes before the email was sent. “The sender had,
while creating the new ID, given two mobile numbers in the personal details
column. Both the numbers belong to a photo frame-maker in Patna,’’ said an
officer.
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Section 66F Cyber terrorism – Intent to threaten the
unity, integrity, security or sovereignty of the nation
and
denying access to any person authorized to access
the computer resource or attempting to penetrate or
access a computer resource without authorization.
Acts of causing a computer contaminant (like virus
or Trojan Horse or other spyware or malware) likely
to cause death or injuries to persons or damage to
or destruction of property etc. come under this
Section. Punishment is life imprisonment.

29. Section 67 - Punishment for publishing or
transmitting obscene material in electronic form
This case is about posting obscene, defamatory and annoying message about
a divorcee woman in the Yahoo message group. E-mails were forwarded to
the victim for information by the accused through a false e- mail account
opened by him in the name of the victim. These postings resulted in
annoying phone calls to the lady. On her reluctance to marry him he started
harassing her through internet.Based on the lady’s complaint, the police
nabbed the accused.
The accused was found guilty of offences under section 469, 509 IPC and 67
of IT Act 2000. He is convicted and sentenced for the offence
The accused paid fine amount and he was lodged at Central Prison, Chennai.
This is considered the first case convicted under section 67 of Information
Technology Act 2000 in India.
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Section 67 deals with publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic
form. The earlier Section in ITA was later widened as per ITAA 2008 in which child
pornography and retention of records by intermediaries were all included.
Whoever publishes or transmits any material which is lascivious or appeals to the
prurient interest or if its effect is such as to tend to deprave and corrupt persons
who are likely to read the matter contained in it, shall be punished with first
conviction for a term upto three years and fine of five lakh rupees and in second
conviction for a term of five years and fine of ten lakh rupees or both.

30. Section 67B. Punishment for publishing or trans mitting of material
depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc. in
electronic form
Relevant Case:
Janhit Manch & Ors. v. The Union of India 10.03.2010 Public Interest
Litigation:
The petition sought a blanket ban on pornographic websites. The NGO
had argued that websites displaying sexually explicit content had an
adverse influence, leading youth on a delinquent path.
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31. Section 69 - Powers to issue directions for interception or
monitoring or decryption of any information through any
computer resource
In August 2007, Lakshmana Kailash K., a techie from Bangalore was arrested on the suspicion of having
posted insulting images of Chhatrapati Shivaji, a major historical figure in the state of Maharashtra, on
the social-networking site Orkut.
The police identified him based on IP address details obtained from Google and Airtel - Lakshmana’s ISP.
He was brought to Pune and detained for 50 days before it was discovered that the IP address provided
by Airtel was erroneous. The mistake was evidently due to the fact that while requesting information
from Airtel, the police had not properly specified whether the suspect had posted the content at 1:15
p.m.
Verdict:
Taking cognizance of his plight from newspaper accounts, the State Human Rights Commission
subsequently ordered the company to pay Rs 2 lakh to Lakshmana as damages.
The incident highlights how minor privacy violations by ISPs and intermediaries could have impacts that
gravely undermine other basic human rights.
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32. Section 75 - Act to apply for offence or
contraventions committed outside India
• Subject to the provisions of sub-section (2), the provisions of this Act
shall apply also to any offence or contravention committed outside
India by any person irrespective of his nationality.
• For the purposes of sub-section (1), this Act shall apply to an offence
or contravention committed outside India by any person if the act or
conduct constituting the offence or contravention involves a
computer, computer system or computer network located in India.
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39. 01-08-2020 39
Case study: Covid 19 ---Cyber security—IT Act 2000
Tensions have always been a breeding ground of information
operations. The Covid19 pandemic has provided such
malicious actors with a readymade context to cause disruption
and seek profit or take advantage of vulnerable individuals and
populace. As the world wrestles with a pandemic caused by a
new coronavirus, COVID-19, the authorities around the world
are forced to face an avalanche of misinformation / false news
about the virus on digital platforms. When it comes to reliability
and acceptance .
Rumours are a lethal weapon that affects the morale of
the people.

40. What IT Act can do in this case?
1. Section 505(1) of Indian Penal Code, 1860: The punishment for making, publishing or circulating any statement, rumour or
report which may cause fear or alarm to the public, or to any section of the public.
Punishment: Imprisonment which may extend to 3 years or fine or both.
2. Section 66D of Information Technology Act: Whoever, by means for any communication device or computer resource cheats
by personating.
Punishment: imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable
to fine which may extend to one lakh rupees
3. Section 54 of the Disaster Management Act, 2005: Whoever makes or circulates a false alarm or warning as to disaster or its
severity or magnitude, leading to panic.
Punishment: Imprisonment which may extend to one year or with fine.
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41. Some recent actions taken by the authorities
around the world
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Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow: A fake Godman calling himself as "Corona Wale
Baba" claimed that those who could not wear a mask could use the talisman
to keep corona away. He has been arrested for fraud and forgery.
Odisha: A man has been arrested for posting false information on Facebook
regarding a Kerala-returned person who had tested positive for coronavirus
and was under treatment in Rayagada.
Read more at:
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/view-disinformation-in-times-of-a-
pandemic-and-the-laws-around-
it/articleshow/74960629.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

42. To sum up,
Though a crime-free society is Utopian and exists only in dreamland, it
should be constant endeavour of rules to keep the crimes lowest.
Especially in a society that is dependent more and more on technology,
crime based on electronic offences are bound to increase and the law
makers have to go the extra mile compared to the fraudsters, to
keep them at bay.
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43. To sum up
Technology is always a double-edged sword and can be used for both
the purposes – good or bad. Steganography, Trojan Horse, Scavenging
(and even DoS or DDoS) are all technologies and per se not crimes, but
falling into the wrong hands with a criminal intent who are out to
capitalize them or misuse them, they come into the gamut of cyber
crime and become punishable offences.
Hence, it should be the persistent efforts of rulers and law makers to
ensure that technology grows in a healthy manner and is used for legal
and ethical business growth and not for committing crimes.
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44. Finally
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It should be the duty of the three stake holders viz
• the rulers, regulators, law makers and
investigators
• Internet or Network Service Providers or banks
and other intermediaries and
• the users to take care of information security
playing their respective role within the
permitted parameters and ensuring compliance
with the law of the land.

45. 01-08-2020 45
J.Santhanakrishnan
9444001323
bsnljsk@gmail.com

46. References and Acknowledgements
Network intelligence (India)Private limited,Andheri,Mumbai-69
01-08-2020 46
KAPIL GARG
DIRECTOR
STATECRIME RECORDS BUREAU RAJASTHAN POLICE
Book on “IT” Security of IIBF Published by M/s TaxMann Publishers

47. Notable features of the ITAA 2008
 Focussing on data privacy
 Focussing on Information Security
 Defining cyber café
 Making digital signature technology neutral
 Defining reasonable security practices to be followed by corporate
 Redefining the role of intermediaries
 Recognising the role of Indian Computer Emergency Response Team
 Inclusion of some additional cyber crimes like child pornography
and cyber terrorism
 Authorizing an Inspector to investigate cyber offences (as against
the DSP earlier)
he Indian Computer Emergency Response
Team (CERT-In) is an office within the Ministry of
Electronics and Information Technology.[3] It is the nodal
agency to deal with cyber security threats
like hacking and phishing. It strengthens security-related
defence of the Indian Internet domain
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48. Back up slides
• In the vice versa case, wherein the aggrieved party is in India and the defendant
resides in a foreign jurisdiction, it can be tackled by section 19 of CPC. Section 19
allows for the filing of a suit for damages of the wrong committed to the movable
property or the person. The suit can be instituted at the jurisdiction of the place
of business or residence of the defendant or the place wherein wrong was done.
• Section 20 could be used to secure justice as it is wide encompassing provision to
tackle the issues of jurisdiction left out in the above sections. Section 45 of the
CPC envisages a possibility of execution of a decree passed by Indian courts in the
foreign jurisdiction under certain situations. So, it will help in transferring the
execution decree from Indian jurisdiction to a foreign jurisdiction.
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49. COMMON CYBER-CRIME SCENARIOS AND APPLICABILITY OF
LEGAL SECTIONS
some common cyber-crime scenarios which can attract prosecution as
per the penalties and offences prescribed in IT Act 2000 (amended via
2008) Act.
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50. Harassment via fake public profile on social
networking site
• A fake profile of a person is created on a social networking site with
the correct address, residential information or contact details but
he/she is labelled as ‘prostitute’ or a person of ‘loose character’. This
leads to harassment of the victim.
• Provisions Applicable:- Sections 66A, 67 of IT Act and Section 509 of
the Indian Penal Code.
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51. Online Hate Community
• Online hate community is created inciting a religious group to act or
pass objectionable remarks against a country, national figures etc.
• Provisions Applicable: Section 66A of IT Act and 153A & 153B of the
Indian Penal Code.
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52. Email Account Hacking
• If victim’s email account is hacked and obscene emails are sent to
people in victim’s address book.
• Provisions Applicable:- Sections 43, 66, 66A, 66C, 67, 67A and 67B of
IT Act.
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53. Credit Card Fraud
• Unsuspecting victims would use infected computers to make online
transactions.
• Provisions Applicable:- Sections 43, 66, 66C, 66D of IT Act and section
420 of the IPC.
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54. Web Defacement
• The homepage of a website is replaced with a pornographic or
defamatory page. Government sites generally face the wrath of
hackers on symbolic days.
• Provisions Applicable:- Sections 43 and 66 of IT Act and Sections 66F,
67 and 70 of IT Act also apply in some cases.
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55. Introducing Viruses, Worms, Backdoors, Rootkits,
Trojans, Bugs
• All of the above are some sort of malicious programs which are used
to destroy or gain access to some electronic information.
• Provisions Applicable:- Sections 43, 66, 66A of IT Act and Section 426
of Indian Penal Code.
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56. Cyber Terrorism
• Many terrorists are use virtual(GDrive, FTP sites) and physical storage
media(USB’s, hard drives) for hiding information and records of their
illicit business.
• Provisions Applicable: Conventional terrorism laws may apply along
with Section 69 of IT Act.
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57. Online sale of illegal Articles
• Where sale of narcotics, drugs weapons and wildlife is facilitated by
the Internet
• Provisions Applicable:- Generally conventional laws apply in these
cases.
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58. Cyber Pornography
• Among the largest businesses on Internet. Pornography may not be
illegal in many countries, but child pornography is.
• Provisions Applicable:- Sections 67, 67A and 67B of the IT Act.
• The distribution and production of pornography is illegal However,
pornography as private access by the individual in India is not illegal..
Information Technology Act 2000, Chapter XI in Article 67, the
Government of India clarifies Online pornography as a criminal
offense.
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59. Phishing and Email Scams
• Phishing involves fraudulently acquiring sensitive information through
masquerading a site as a trusted entity. (E.g. Passwords, credit card
information)
• Provisions Applicable:- Section 66, 66A and 66D of IT Act and Section
420 of IPC
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60. Theft of Confidential Information
• Many business organizations store their confidential information in
computer systems. This information is targeted by rivals, criminals
and disgruntled employees.
• Provisions Applicable:- Sections 43, 66, 66B of IT Act and Section 426
of Indian Penal Code.
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61. Source Code Theft
• A Source code generally is the most coveted and important "crown
jewel" asset of a company.
• Provisions applicable:- Sections 43, 66, 66B of IT Act and Section 63 of
Copyright Act.
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62. Tax Evasion and Money Laundering
• Money launderers and people doing illegal business activities hide
their information in virtual as well as physical activities.
• Provisions Applicable: Income Tax Act and Prevention of Money
Laundering Act. IT Act may apply case-wise.
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63. Online Share Trading Fraud
• It has become mandatory for investors to have their demat accounts
linked with their online banking accounts which are generally
accessed unauthorized, thereby leading to share trading frauds.
• Provisions Applicable: Sections 43, 66, 66C, 66D of IT Act and Section
420 of IPC
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64. OBJECTIVES OF IT LEGISLATION IN INDIA
The Government of India enacted its Information Technology Act 2000 with the
objectives stating officially as:
“to provide legal recognition for transactions carried out by means of electronic data interchange and
other means of electronic communication, commonly referred to as "electronic commerce", which
involve the use of alternatives to paper-based methods of communication and storage of information,
to facilitate electronic filing of documents with the Government agencies and further to amend the
Indian Penal Code, the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, the Bankers' Books Evidence Act, 1891 and the Reserve
BankofIndiaAct,1934andformattersconnectedtherewithorincidentalthereto.”
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