A forensic science course provides education in forensic biology, chemistry, evidence analysis, crime scene processing, and case studies. Research on street lighting and crime has shown mixed results. Some studies found street lights hindered CCTV and increased graffiti and vandalism immediately around lights. Other research found turning lights off from midnight to 5:30 AM in some areas reduced crime by a third to a half. Overall, better lighting alone seems to have little effect on crime rates.
Shark introduction Morphology and its behaviour characteristics
Forensic Science Syllabus and Street Lighting Crime Research
1.
2. ::::FORENSIC SCIENCE::::
• A varied syllabus provides a sound
education in forensic biology and forensic
chemistry and puts this learning in its wider
context with modules covering evidence
types and analysis, crime scene
processing, criminal law, forensic IT and a
variety of case studies
• (Images: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/scientists/laboratory-and-forensic-science-services.html )
• (De Montfort University. (2012). Forensic Science. available online at http://www.dmu.ac.uk/study/courses/undergraduate-courses/forensic-
science.aspx))
• (De montfort University. (2012). Forensic Science Course Outline. available online at
3. :::: STREET LIGHTING ::::
The Council is responsible for providing and
maintaining good quality street lighting across the
district making our communities safer, extending
the leisure and working day and reducing the risk
of crime.
(Clackmannanshire Council. (2012). Street Lighting. available online at http://www.clacksweb.org.uk/transport/slights/)
(Images: Clackmannanshire Council)
4. ::::STREET LIGHTING AND CRIME::::
• Fact is most graffiti and vandalism crimes take place
right under or in close proximity to an on all night
light.
• Graffiti ? Vandalism?
(Astronomical Society of Rowan County. (2012). Light Pollution. available online at http://www.astrowan.org/light-pollution/)
(Images: Youth Voices - Graffiti: Art Or Crime?)
5. :::: RESEARCH EVIDENCE [1] ::::
“CCTV cameras in Sussex are being hampered
by street lights, The Argus can reveal. Glare
from lamps is causing such poor picture quality
that individuals filmed committing a crime
cannot be identified.” (Brighton & Hove Argus,
2010)
(http://www.theargus.co.uk/news/5019988.Sussex_CCTV_scuppered_by_street_lights/)
6. :::: RESEARCH EVIDENCE [2] ::::
"The principal conclusion is that no evidence
could be found to support the hypothesis that
improved street lighting reduces reported
crime.”(Home Office Crime Prevention Unit,
1991)
(http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110218135832/http://rds.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/prgpdfs/fcpu28.pdf )
7. :::: RESEARCH EVIDENCE [3] ::::
"In Essex, a trail to turn off suburban street lights between
midnight and 5.30am, has been deemed a success.
Police state: "A year on year comparison for April 2006
to May 2007 [when street-lights were left on all night]
and April 2007 to May 2008 [when street-lights were
turned off at midnight] has shown that night-time crime
has almost halved in Saffron Walden and reduced by
over a third in Dunmow.” (Total Essex, 2012)
(http://www.thisistotalessex.co.uk/Essex-lights-project-extends/story-12634332-detail/story.html)
8. :::: RESEARCH EVIDENCE [4] ::::
"Better lighting by itself has very little effect on crime."
(Malcolm Ramsay, 1991)
(http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110218135832/http://rds.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/prgpdfs/fcpu29.pdf)
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9. :::: DISCUSSION: UNDERSTANDING OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
FROM LIGHTING & CRIME PERSPECTIVES ::::
- Does street lighting reduce crime? (crime)
- Should street lighting illuminate in areas where light
need to be lit for the necessary or appropriate time?
(crime, energy)
- Should lights be no brighter than needed? (crime,
energy)
- Critically evaluate the past and future impact of
inappropriate lighting governance ? (crime, energy,
illuminating engineer, illuminating architecture,
forensic science)
10. :::: CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH
ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN (CPTED) ::::
- Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
(CPTED) is based on the principle that appropriate
design and effective use of buildings and public spaces
in neighborhoods can lead to a reduction in the fear and
incidence of crime, and an improvement in the quality of
life for citizens.
- Law enforcement officers, architects, city planners,
landscape and interior designers, and resident
volunteers.
(http://www.ncpc.org/training/training-topics/crime-prevention-through-environmental-design-cpted-)
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