2. states that society is
made up of various
institutions that work
together cooperation
states that is
made up of various
institutions that work
together cooperation
states that is
made up of various
that work
together cooperation
Fami
lies
Neighbo
rhood
Associat
ions
Scho
ols
Churc
hes
states that is
made up of various
that work
together
Talcott Parsons
Robert Merton
FUNCTIONAL IMPERATIVES
A DAPTATIONG OAL ATTAINMENTI NTEGRATIONL ATENCYSCHEMES
A DAPTATIONG OAL ATTAINMENTI NTEGRATIONL ATENCYSCHEME : LEVELS
Assumptions
Systems have the property of order and
interdependence of parts
Systems tend toward self-maintaining order,
or equilibrium
The system may be static or involved in an
ordered process of change
The nature of one part of the system has an
impact on the form that the other parts can take
Systems maintain boundaries with their
environments
Allocation and integration are two fundamental
processes necessary for a given state of equilibrium of a
system
Systems tend toward self-maintenance involving the maintenance of
the relationships of parts to the whole, control of environmental
variations, and control of tendencies to change the system from within
Social structures
provide preset patterns
which evolve to meet
human needs
Stability, order,
and harmony
Maintenance
of society
IMBALANCE DISINTEGRATION
Churc
hes
Scho
ols
Associat
ions
Neighbo
rhood
Fami
liesThe proponents of this theory focus on order and
stability to the neglect of the process of change.
Notes de l'éditeur
Talcott Parsons (December 13, 1902 – May 8, 1979) was an American sociologist who served on the faculty of Harvard University from 1927 to 1973. Parsons analyzed the work of Émile Durkheim and Vilfredo Pareto and evaluated their contributions through the paradigm of voluntaristic action. Parsons was also largely responsible for introducing and interpreting Max Weber's work to American audiences. Robert King Merton (July 4, 1910 – February 23, 2003) was an American sociologist. He spent most of his career teaching at Columbia University, where he attained the rank of University Professor. In 1994 Merton won the National Medal of Science for his contributions to the field and for having founded the sociology of science.[1][2] Parsons is also well known for his idea that every group or society tends to fulfill four "functional imperatives". adaptation to the physical and social environment;goal attainment, which is the need to define primary goals and enlist individuals to strive to attain these goals;integration, the coordination of the society or group as a cohesive whole;latency, maintaining the motivation of individuals to perform their roles according to social expectations.