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UGLJIK I FOSFOR
Pripremio: Lovro Blažević; 1.a
Srednja škola: 2. gimnazija, Zagreb
Kruženje ugljika
Ugljik
 gradivni element svih organskih tvari
 nalazimo ga u ugljenu i grafitnoj olovci, fosilnim gorivima u
dubinama litosfera, u oceanima, na kopnu i u atmosferi
 najvažniji biogeni element
 u prirodi se pojavljuje kao ugljikov dioksid(CO2)
Izvor: https://bit.ly/3vbbweX
Izvor: https://bit.ly/3xgLatU
Kruženje ugljika
• fotosinteza
• stanično disanje
• razlaganje organizama i taloženje
vapnenačkih ljuštura
• karbonizacija
• sagorijevanje fosilnih goriva
Izvor: https://bit.ly/2QsZejc
Formula za Fotosintezu
Formula za Stanično disanje
Efekt staklenika
• ugljikov dioksid u atmosferi pojačava
učinak staklenika
• posljedica je globalno povišenje
prosječne temperature na zemlji
Izvor: https://bit.ly/3vedNWQ
Kruženje fosfora
Fosfor
 biljke ga dobivaju iz tla, a životinje hraneći se biljkama
 sudjeluje u izgradnji molekula DNA, RNA, ATP-a i dr.
 potreban je za izgradnju kosti i zubi
Izvor: https://bit.ly/32SAFiB
Izvor: https://bit.ly/3ncKkcO
Kruženje fosfora
• ne odvija se u atmosferi
• raspadanjem i ispiranjem stijena
oslobađa se fosfor
• razgradnja tvari
• sastavni dio gnojiva
Izvor: https://bit.ly/3gtXBws
Zapiši te!
UGLJIK
 Ugljik:
 gradivni element svih organskih tvari
 najvažniji biogeni element
 u prirodi se pojavljuje kao ugljikov dioksid
 Kruženje ugljika:
 fotosinteza
 stanično disanje
 razlaganje organizama i taloženje vapnenačkih
ljuštura
 karbonizacija
 sagorijevanje fosilnih goriva
FOSFOR
 Fosfor:
 biljke ga dobivaju iz tla, a životinje hraneći se
biljkama
 sudjeluje u izgradnji molekula DNA, RNA, ATP-
a i dr.
 potreban je za izgradnju kosti i zubi
 Kruženje fosfora:
 ne odvija se u atmosferi (rijetko je plinovit)
 raspadanjem i ispiranjem stijena oslobađa se
fosfor
 razgradnja tvari
 sastavni dio gnojiva
Literatura
 Biogeokemijski ciklusi. // Dostupno na: https://bit.ly/3dNSANH (22.4.2021.)
 Irella Bogut, Snježana Đumlija, Irena Futivić, Sunčica Remenar; Biologija 1. Alfa naklada, Zagreb
2019.
 Sanja Lukić, Marijan Varga, Sandra Krmpotić-Gržančić, Ivana Marić Zerdun, Dunja Maričević; Kemija
8, Školska knjiga naklada, Zagreb 2015.
 Mirjana Pavlica, Vlatka Kuhar, Domagoj Đikić; Biologija za maturu, Element naklada, Zagreb 2016.

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UGLJIK_I_FOSFOR.pptx

  • 1. UGLJIK I FOSFOR Pripremio: Lovro Blažević; 1.a Srednja škola: 2. gimnazija, Zagreb
  • 2.
  • 4. Ugljik  gradivni element svih organskih tvari  nalazimo ga u ugljenu i grafitnoj olovci, fosilnim gorivima u dubinama litosfera, u oceanima, na kopnu i u atmosferi  najvažniji biogeni element  u prirodi se pojavljuje kao ugljikov dioksid(CO2) Izvor: https://bit.ly/3vbbweX Izvor: https://bit.ly/3xgLatU
  • 5. Kruženje ugljika • fotosinteza • stanično disanje • razlaganje organizama i taloženje vapnenačkih ljuštura • karbonizacija • sagorijevanje fosilnih goriva Izvor: https://bit.ly/2QsZejc Formula za Fotosintezu Formula za Stanično disanje
  • 6. Efekt staklenika • ugljikov dioksid u atmosferi pojačava učinak staklenika • posljedica je globalno povišenje prosječne temperature na zemlji Izvor: https://bit.ly/3vedNWQ
  • 8. Fosfor  biljke ga dobivaju iz tla, a životinje hraneći se biljkama  sudjeluje u izgradnji molekula DNA, RNA, ATP-a i dr.  potreban je za izgradnju kosti i zubi Izvor: https://bit.ly/32SAFiB Izvor: https://bit.ly/3ncKkcO
  • 9. Kruženje fosfora • ne odvija se u atmosferi • raspadanjem i ispiranjem stijena oslobađa se fosfor • razgradnja tvari • sastavni dio gnojiva Izvor: https://bit.ly/3gtXBws
  • 10. Zapiši te! UGLJIK  Ugljik:  gradivni element svih organskih tvari  najvažniji biogeni element  u prirodi se pojavljuje kao ugljikov dioksid  Kruženje ugljika:  fotosinteza  stanično disanje  razlaganje organizama i taloženje vapnenačkih ljuštura  karbonizacija  sagorijevanje fosilnih goriva FOSFOR  Fosfor:  biljke ga dobivaju iz tla, a životinje hraneći se biljkama  sudjeluje u izgradnji molekula DNA, RNA, ATP- a i dr.  potreban je za izgradnju kosti i zubi  Kruženje fosfora:  ne odvija se u atmosferi (rijetko je plinovit)  raspadanjem i ispiranjem stijena oslobađa se fosfor  razgradnja tvari  sastavni dio gnojiva
  • 11. Literatura  Biogeokemijski ciklusi. // Dostupno na: https://bit.ly/3dNSANH (22.4.2021.)  Irella Bogut, Snježana Đumlija, Irena Futivić, Sunčica Remenar; Biologija 1. Alfa naklada, Zagreb 2019.  Sanja Lukić, Marijan Varga, Sandra Krmpotić-Gržančić, Ivana Marić Zerdun, Dunja Maričević; Kemija 8, Školska knjiga naklada, Zagreb 2015.  Mirjana Pavlica, Vlatka Kuhar, Domagoj Đikić; Biologija za maturu, Element naklada, Zagreb 2016.

Editor's Notes

  1. Dodatno: Ugljik je gradivni element svih organskih tvari. Možemo ga pronaći u ugljenu i grafitnoj olovci, fosilnim gorivima u dubinama litosfera, u oceanima, na kopnu i u atmosferi. Ugljik čini čak 49% suhe tvari organizma na Zemlji. Najvažniji je biogeni element. U prirodi se pojavljuje kao ugljikov dioksid(CO2).
  2. Dodatno: Fotosinteza i Stanično disanje glavni su procesi u kojima ugljik kruži kao ugljikov dioksid. U procesu fotosinteze, biljke i drugi autotrofi upotrebljavaju ugljikov dioksid za proizvodnju ugljikohidrata, a razlaganjem ugljikohidrata staničnim disanjem, i autotrofi i heterotrofi ponovo ga stvaraju. Umiranjem organizma nastaju organski ostatci koji se vraćaju u tlo ili na dno gdje razlaganjem ponovo nastaje ugljikov dioksid. Vapnenačke ljušture se nakon smrti organizama talože na morskom dnu ili tlu. U uvjetima bez kisika dolazi do karbonizacije što je i proces u kojem su i u prošlosti nastajala fosilna goriva. Oni su danas osnovni izvor energije. Sagorijevanjem fosilnih goriva oslobađa se ugljik koji ponovno odlazi u atmosferu kao ugljikov dioksid.
  3. Dodatno: Povećanje količine ugljikova dioksida u atmosferi pojačava učinak staklenika što uzrokuje porast prosječne temperature na zemlji. Budući da se koncentracija ugljikova dioksida tijekom 20.st znatno povećala, učinak je staklenika sve izraženiji. Posljedica je toga globalno povišenje prosječne temperature, a moguće su posljedice globalnog zatopljenja na zemlji klimatske promjene, porast razine mora i oceana zbog taljenja vječnog leda, negativan utjecaj na poljoprivredu i zdravlje ljudi.
  4. Dodatno: Biljke dobivaju fosfor iz tla i vode, a životinje ga dobivaju hraneći se biljkama ili drugim životinjama. Fosfor je element koji sudjeluje u izgradnji molekula DNA, RNA, ATP-a i drugih. Potreban je životinjama za izgradnju kosti i zubi.
  5. Dodatak: Kruženje fosfora iz okoliša u organizme i njegov povratak u okoliš odvija se sporo i ne odvija se u atmosferi jer se fosfor u plinovitom stanju nalazi iznimno rijetko. Stijene i minerali bogati fosforom najvažniji su izvor fosfora za žive organizme. Raspadanjem i ispiranjem stijena mala se količina fosfora oslobađa u obliku fosfata u tlo i vodu. Također, fosfat se reciklira razgradnjom tvari koje organizmi odbacuju tijekom života ili razgradnjom njihovih ostataka nakon ugibanja. Nadalje, fosfor je sastavni dio gnojiva koja se koriste u poljoprivredi te ispiranjem s oranica može dospjeti u vodotoke.