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Systematic Reviews: Definition, Purpose, Levels of Evidence
- 1. Lydia L. Pyburn Online Engagement and Nursing Librarian Systematic Reviews
- 2. • Definition – Secondary Research – Objective review of primary research – Also known as meta-analysis or meta-synthesis – Integrative review • Purpose – Use of evidence from research to make practice decisions on care that is effective and improves patient outcomes Systematic Reviews
- 3. Systematic Reviews Randomized Controlled Trials Cohort Studies Case Control Studies Case Series/Case Reports Levels of Research Evidence
- 4. • Archie Cochrane’s Effectiveness and efficiency: random reflections on health services – called for register of randomized controlled trials • Cochrane Collaboration – Experts review and synthesize research according to protocols to establish evidence-based practice History of Systematic Reviews
- 5. • Develop an answerable question • Check for recent systematic reviews • Agree on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria • Develop a system to organize data and notes • Devise reproducible search methods • Launch and track exhaustive search • Organize search results • Reproduce search results • Abstract data into a standardized format • Synthesize data using statistical methods (meta-analysis) • Write about what you found Steps for a Systematic Review
- 6. • Start with an interest Not too current • Try searching on the topic in a database • Narrow or broaden question depending on results Develop an answerable question
- 7. • PubMed, CINAHL – Search broad, then narrow down results • Cochrane, Prospero Check for recent systematic reviews
- 8. • Date range • Language • Study type • Population • Resource type – Journal articles, guidelines, reports, grey literature Agree on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria
- 9. • Refworks – Import and share references, – Set screening notes – Add full-text of articles Develop a system to organize data and notes
- 10. • Keep track of keywords and subject headings • Each database has different subject headings – MeSH, CINAHL Headings Devise reproducible search methods
- 11. • Controlled vocabulary • Searches in only subject headings and subheadings – MeSH • Usually has relevant results Subject Headings • Natural language • Searches in any field • Can lead to irrelevant results Keyword Building a Search
- 12. • Document search phrases • Databases • Number of results • Date of search Launch and track exhaustive search
- 13. • Refworks – Remove duplicates – Find abstracts – Secondary screening • Finding full-text • Interlibrary loan Organize search results
- 14. • Abstract data into a standardized format – Checklists and tools • Synthesize data using statistical methods • Interrater reliability testing • Agree on terms and phrasing for consistent voice • Avoid bias Write about what you found
- 15. – Guidance with systematic review steps • what databases/sources need to be searched • searching techniques and methods • training on information management • design search strategy • consultation on information management – Services with librarian as author: • management of searches and results • documentation of entire process • write up methods section concerning the search • creating appropriate tables/figure about the process of the review • screening/coding as appropriate Role of the Librarian
- 16. • Systematic Review – http://libguides.uta.edu/systematicreviews • Email Us at nursinglibrarians@uta.edu Questions?
Notes de l'éditeur
- Meta-analysis-statistical analysis of the data in studies and combines the results Meta-synthesis-analysis of qualitative research Integrative review-combines studies and guidelines to sometimes propose new frameworks or theorys The purpose of a systematic review is to provide the best available evidence on the likely outcomes of various actions and, if the evidence is unavailable, to highlight areas where further original research is required. Sources of stress in nursing students: will focus on research looking into what causes stresss, changes to curriculum
- Types of research are organized by what is considered the best evidence. Case report- detailed reports of a patient from symptoms, diagnosis or treatment. Usually they describe an anomaly or unusual occurrence Case control studies-try to determine risk factors of contributing Cohort study- follow a group over period of time to see factors attributing to a disease Randomized controlled trials-test intervention to see
- British medical researcher, believed in the equity of health care, stressed importance of rcTs as more Cochrane has protocols and submission guidelines for systematic reviews, updated and extensive Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the studies, so a study on whole grains that was funded by company they will note because there could be potential
- Cochrane says review can take 1-2 years,
- Too current not enough research
- Interrater reliability is the agreement of the same data obtained by different raters, using the same scale, classification, instrument, or procedure, when assessing the same subjects or objects.1 Whenever two or more researchers are collecting data, the researchers need to consistently obtain the same information. To establish that there's consensus between or among the researchers, tests for interrater reliability are used. Percentage of agreement