2. • Definition
– Secondary Research
– Objective review of primary research
– Also known as meta-analysis or meta-synthesis
– Integrative review
• Purpose
– Use of evidence from research to make practice decisions on care that is effective and
improves patient outcomes
Systematic Reviews
4. • Archie Cochrane’s Effectiveness and
efficiency: random reflections on
health services
– called for register of randomized
controlled trials
• Cochrane Collaboration
– Experts review and synthesize research
according to protocols to establish
evidence-based practice
History of Systematic Reviews
5. • Develop an answerable question
• Check for recent systematic reviews
• Agree on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria
• Develop a system to organize data and notes
• Devise reproducible search methods
• Launch and track exhaustive search
• Organize search results
• Reproduce search results
• Abstract data into a standardized format
• Synthesize data using statistical methods (meta-analysis)
• Write about what you found
Steps for a Systematic Review
6. • Start with an interest Not too current
• Try searching on the topic in a database
• Narrow or broaden question depending on results
Develop an answerable question
7. • PubMed, CINAHL
– Search broad, then narrow down results
• Cochrane, Prospero
Check for recent systematic reviews
8. • Date range
• Language
• Study type
• Population
• Resource type
– Journal articles, guidelines, reports, grey literature
Agree on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria
9. • Refworks
– Import and share references,
– Set screening notes
– Add full-text of articles
Develop a system to organize data and notes
10. • Keep track of keywords and subject headings
• Each database has different subject headings
– MeSH, CINAHL Headings
Devise reproducible search methods
11. • Controlled vocabulary
• Searches in only subject headings
and subheadings
– MeSH
• Usually has relevant results
Subject Headings
• Natural language
• Searches in any field
• Can lead to irrelevant results
Keyword
Building a Search
12. • Document search phrases
• Databases
• Number of results
• Date of search
Launch and track exhaustive search
14. • Abstract data into a standardized format
– Checklists and tools
• Synthesize data using statistical methods
• Interrater reliability testing
• Agree on terms and phrasing for consistent voice
• Avoid bias
Write about what you found
15. – Guidance with systematic review steps
• what databases/sources need to be searched
• searching techniques and methods
• training on information management
• design search strategy
• consultation on information management
– Services with librarian as author:
• management of searches and results
• documentation of entire process
• write up methods section concerning the search
• creating appropriate tables/figure about the process of the review
• screening/coding as appropriate
Role of the Librarian
16. • Systematic Review
– http://libguides.uta.edu/systematicreviews
• Email Us at nursinglibrarians@uta.edu
Questions?
Notes de l'éditeur
Meta-analysis-statistical analysis of the data in studies and combines the results
Meta-synthesis-analysis of qualitative research
Integrative review-combines studies and guidelines to sometimes propose new frameworks or theorys
The purpose of a systematic review is to provide the best available evidence on the likely outcomes of various actions and, if the evidence is unavailable, to highlight areas where further original research is required.
Sources of stress in nursing students: will focus on research looking into what causes stresss, changes to curriculum
Types of research are organized by what is considered the best evidence.
Case report- detailed reports of a patient from symptoms, diagnosis or treatment. Usually they describe an anomaly or unusual occurrence
Case control studies-try to determine risk factors of contributing
Cohort study- follow a group over period of time to see factors attributing to a disease
Randomized controlled trials-test intervention to see
British medical researcher, believed in the equity of health care, stressed importance of rcTs as more
Cochrane has protocols and submission guidelines for systematic reviews, updated and extensive
Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the studies, so a study on whole grains that was funded by company they will note because there could be potential
Cochrane says review can take 1-2 years,
Too current not enough research
Interrater reliability is the agreement of the same data obtained by different raters, using the same scale, classification, instrument, or procedure, when assessing the same subjects or objects.1 Whenever two or more researchers are collecting data, the researchers need to consistently obtain the same information. To establish that there's consensus between or among the researchers, tests for interrater reliability are used.
Percentage of agreement