8. City Science: Urban Big Data and New Urban Systems

8. City Science: Urban Big Data and New Urban Systems
City Science: Urban Big Data and New Urban Systems Ryan Chin, Ph.D. Managing Director City Science Initiative MIT Media Lab rchin@mit.edu
MIT Media Lab School of Architecture and Planning
27 Anti-disciplinary Research Groups Affective Computing Biomechatronics Camera Culture Changing Places Civic Media Cognitive Machines Digital Intuition Fluid Interfaces High-Low Tech Human Dynamics Information Ecology Lifelong Kindergarten Macro Connections Mediated Matter Molecular machines New Media Medicine Object-Based Media Opera of the Future Personal Robots Playful Systems Responsive Environments Social Computing Software Agents Speech + Mobility Synthetic Neurobiology Tangible Media Viral Spaces
80 Corporate Sponsors ($45M per year) Aegis Media APX Labs Bank of America Benesse Corporation Berwind BT Cisco Systems, Inc. Comcast Culture Convenience Club Co., Ltd. Deloitte LP DENSO Dentsu Inc. / ISID Digital Garage DirecTV eBay, Inc. EMC Corporation Fidelity Center for Applied Technology Fleury Fujitsu Limited FutureWei Technologies, Inc./Huawei GlaxoSmithKline Google Hallmark Cards, Inc. Hasbro, Inc. Hearst Corporation Hisense Co. Ltd. Hyundai Motor Company ICICI Bank IDEO Infocast Limited Intel Intuit Inc. Kozo Keikaku Engineering Inc. * The LEGO Group Lockheed Martin LG Electronics, Inc. Microsoft Corporation Mitsui & Co., Ltd. Natura NEC Corporation New Balance Athletic Shoe, Inc. News Corporation Nokia Corporation Northrop Grumman Olympus Corporation Panasonic Corporation Pearson Inc. QUALCOMM Incorporated RR Donnelley Saudi Aramco Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Sensormatic Electronics Corp. Schneider Electric SA Shell SingTel Starcom Mediavest Group State Farm State of Minas Gerais Steelcase Inc. TCL Multimedia TED Telecom Italia * The Asahi Shimbun Company Time Inc. TOPPAN Printing Co., Ltd. Toyota Motor Corporation Toshiba Corporation Toys"R"Us, Inc. Trends Media Co., Ltd. Verizon Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. Yamaha Corporation*
Kismet – Personal Robots (Prof. Cynthia Breazeal) MIT Media Lab
E-Ink Spin-off by Professsor Joe Jacobson MIT Media Lab, Molecular Machines Group
Power Ankle by Professor Hugh Herr MIT Media Lab, Biomechantronics Group
Guitar Hero (spun out of Opera of the Future Group) MIT Media Lab, Professor Tod Machover
One Laptop Per Child (Nicholas Negroponte) MIT Media Lab non-profit spin-off
Mediated Matter (Prof. Neri Oxman) MIT Media Lab Research Group
Mediated Matter (Prof. Neri Oxman) MIT Media Lab Research Group
New Network-Centric Methods for Managing reactive, data-driven city systems Replace one-size-fits-all systems with exchange networks in order to obtain more stable, fair and socially efficient services Dynamic Incentives for rebalancing shared-use and interactive systems Urban-scale serious games to shape use of resources such as shared-use mobility, variable-rate power, and flexible workplaces Multi-modal mobility recommendation engines New urban vehicles including electric scooters, automobiles, bike-lane vehicles, etc. Data-driven analysis of economic activity, human behavior, mobility patterns, resource consumption, etc. in order to inform an evidence-based process of designing new cities
New Network-Centric Methods for Managing reactive, data-driven city systems Replace one-size-fits-all systems with exchange networks in order to obtain more stable, fair and socially efficient services Dynamic Incentives for rebalancing shared-use and interactive systems Urban-scale serious games to shape use of resources such as shared-use mobility, variable-rate power, and flexible workplaces Multi-modal mobility recommendation engines New urban vehicles including electric scooters, automobiles, bike-lane vehicles, etc.
Energy Buffer Electronic nervous systems, from the scale of the human body to the city Trust networks to provide security and insure privacy for otherwise invasive systems that make use of personal activity data Dynamic smart grids that respond to human mobility and behavior patterns Electric (DC) microgrids for compact urban cells and renewable energy Transformable and customizable urban housing that combines live/work functionality.
CityHome: CityCar Dispenser & Urban FarmingCoordinated with 4.154 Architecture StudioTaught by Shun KandaResearch Areas – Electric Mobility Systems, New Energy Systems, New Technologies Enabling Art, Culture, and Design,Transformable Housing, Urban Farming, and Rethinking the Streetscape. Expected Student Deliverables – Students will collaborate in small teams and propose well- crafted design solutions through illustrations, building scale prototypes (working and non-working), back-of-the-envelope calculations, videos, and other types of media. Course Collaborators – Nicholas Pennycooke, Daniel Smithwick, Praveen Subramani, Jenny Broutin, Brandon Martin-Anderson, Shawn Salzberg, Topper Carew, Tyrone Yang, Haiser Larrea Tamayo, Jet SiZhi Zhou, Ira Winder. Course Description – The destruction from the events of 3.11 in Japan has forced communities to re-question the concept of resiliency. This class will focus on the design of resilient communities in Tokoku, Japan, by developing new and scaleable housing, mobility, and energy systems. These systems should be designed to be adaptive, robust, reconfigurable, redundant, and exhibit self- healing much like wireless mesh networks in computing. Participants of the course will have the opportunity to travel to Japan during spring break for a one-week design charrette. We will work with community leaders, sponsors, and local universities to design “Living Lab” experiments that can be deployed and tested in Tohoku. Prior to going to Japan, teams will focus on developing key components of a resilient city – in a generalizable fashion – that could scale to new cities in China, India, and Latin America. New Energy Systems for Electric VehiclesEnergy BufferCityHome: Transformable Housing Shared Electric Mobility SystemsRethinking the Streetscape Post-Tsunami JapanPermission of InstructorG (Spring), Units: 3-0-9Wednesdays 230-530pmFirst Class, 230pm, Feb. 8Room E14-525Instructors Kent Larson, Ryan Chinhttp://cp.media.mit.edu/education/classesDesigning New Resilient CitiesMIT Living Labs Workshop ( MAS.552J, 4.557J ) kll@mit.edu, rchin@media.mit.edu
24 Cities: 90% of Population Growth
25 Cities: 93% of Patented Inventions
What enables creative, innovative entrepreneurial, high-performance places?
density increases interactions diversity brings connections Innovation Density + Diversity + Proximity + Social Ties
Proximity Increases Communication Distance of Separation Frequency of Communication Thomas J. Allen (MIT Professor of Management Emeritus) Allen Curve: Proximity brings greater frequency of Communication
Paul Krugman (Nobel Prize Laureate) Geo-economical theory: Proximity brings close and dense interactions between manufacturers Manufacturing Density Increases Interactions
Firm Density Increases Wages Density of Tech Firms Average Wages
Waber, et al.2010; Pan et al, 2011; Cebrian et al. 2011. Ductor, 2010. Social Ties Increase Productivity
Social Tie Density Increases GDP Social Tie Engagement Density GDP per square mile
Density Reduces Energy/Person Population Density Energy (Transportation) per person
Population Density: Good & Bad Population (Millions of People) Normalized Scale AIDS cases Crime Patents GDP R&D….. (Energy Efficiency) (Water Efficiency) (Arts Activity)
Cities with dense urban cores have: •higher levels of skilled and talented people •higher wages •greater rates of innovation and productivity •more companies focused on science and technology •More organizations in the arts and entertainment •lower water and energy consumption (per capita) •higher levels of happiness (modest correlation)
Cities with dense urban cores have: •higher levels of skilled and talented people •higher wages •greater rates of innovation and productivity •more companies focused on science and technology •More organizations in the arts and entertainment •lower water and energy consumption (per capita) •higher levels of happiness (modest correlation) Higher density can also bring: •increased noise •more traffic congestion •more air pollution •loss of contact with nature •increased crime •increased drug use •more disease
37 © 2013 Centre for Liveable Cities and Urban Land Institute Population Density: Good & Bad Livability Livability Population Destiny (People/km2)
38 If all 7 billion people on earth were concentrated in one city at the density of Paris, it would be this size
!
1 Modeling Urban Systems (to manage density and promote interactions)
Milan
20 min walk 20 min walk 20 min walk 20 min walk 20 min walk 20 min walk 20 min walk 20 min walk 20 min walk 20 min walk 20 min walk 20 min walk 20 min walk 20 min walk 20 min walk 20 min walk 20 min walk 20 min walk 20 min walk 20 min walk Paris Arrondissements
Paris Cafes
Paris Shops
Paris Physicians
Paris Pharmacies
Urban LEGO Unit (LU) 10m x 10m x 1 story = 100SM (1,076SF) Revenue / LU Activities / LU People / LU Energy / LU Vehicles / LU Vegetables / LU ……..
10m x 10m x 1 story = 100SM (1,076SF) People / LU = 2 workers (restaurants, cafes) People / LU = 300 customers (Starbucks per day) RETAIL BLOCK (YELLOW)
Apartment Tower Single Loaded Corridor 20m x 10m x 15 stories = 3,000SM People = 60
Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
54 Avatar Holotable
CityScope, Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Satellite View CityScope Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Land Use CityScope Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Mobility CityScope Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Solar Radiation CityScope Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Wind Flows CityScope Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Tweets CityScope Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Tweets CityScope Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Venture Capital CityScope Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
CityScope Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
65 CityScope, New City, Brisbane Urban Design Use Case
66 CityScope, Riyadh Urban Design Use Case
3D Projection Mapping CityScope Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Shanghai scale model Shanghai Scale Model
2 Mobility-on-Demand for Cities (creating alternatives to the private automobile)
Congestion (Beijing)
Congestion (Bangalore)
Pollution (Shanghai)
Particulate Matter Levels in Beijing (Source: V. Karplus)
Sprawl (Los Angeles)
Sprawl (Mexico City)
Sprawl (Riyadh)
Tower Sprawl (Guangzhou)
Walking (Privileged Mode) Shared Bikes Shared Electric Bikes Shared Electric Tram/Bus Shared Electric PEVs Shared CityCars Shared Electric Scooters Mobility-on-Demand Modes
CityCar Study in Singapore CityCar, City Science Initiative, MIT Media Lab
CityCar Prototype Hiriko Unveiling at European 1/2012 CityCar, City Science Initiative, MIT Media Lab
CityCar Prototype Hiriko Unveiling at European 1/2012 CityCar, City Science Initiative, MIT Media Lab
CityCar, City Science Initiative, MIT Media Lab
Active Safety Availability Accessibility Native integration High utilization Effic i ent des ign Affordability Autonomy Vehicle Sharing Electrification Sensor Networks Urban Nervous System Image: Emilio Frazzoli
3 Food for Cities (addressing nutrition and the challenges of water and energy scarcity)
100x Produce/land area 90% Less water 90% Less CO2 60% Less fertilizer
Industrial scale urban agriculture
4 Hyper-efficient Housing (urban apartments for young professionals)
300SF (27SM) Manhattan Micro-Unit
RoboWall System, City Science Initiative, MIT Media Lab
Ceiling Deployed Bed System, City Science Initiative, MIT Media Lab
Smart City Eco-City Sustainable City Green City Low-Carbon City Eco-Smart City
Smart City Eco-City Sustainable City Green City Low-Carbon City Eco-Smart City
Increased Density •Social tie density •Residential density •Employment density •3rd places density (cafes, bars, hotels, parks, etc.) ……
Increased Density •Social tie density •Residential density •Employment density •3rd places density (cafes, bars, hotels, parks, etc.) …… + Increased Diversity •Demographic diversity •Enterprise diversity (big companies, startups, research centers, non-profits, etc.) •Housing diversity (young professionals, families, elderly, laborers, etc.) •Activity diversity (eating, socializing, working, playing) ……
Increased Density •Social tie density •Residential density •Employment density •3rd places density (cafes, bars, hotels, parks, etc.) …… + Increased Diversity •Demographic & ethnic diversity •Enterprise diversity (big companies, startups, research centers, non-profits, etc.) •Housing diversity (young professionals, families, elderly, laborers, etc.) •Activity diversity (eating, socializing, working, playing) …… + New Urban Systems • Compact, dense, walkable neighborhoods • Shared-use personal and public mobility • Shared co-working, fab-labs, public spaces, etc. • Networks and urban nervous system ……
Increased Density •Social tie density •Residential density •Employment density •3rd places density (cafes, bars, hotels, parks, etc.) …… + Increased Diversity •Demographic diversity •Enterprise diversity (big companies, startups, research centers, non-profits, etc.) •Housing diversity (young professionals, families, elderly, laborers, etc.) •Activity diversity (eating, socializing, working, playing) …… + New Urban Systems • Compact, dense, walkable neighborhoods • Shared-use personal and public mobility • Shared co-working, fab-labs, public spaces, etc. • Networks and urban nervous system …… + Increased Events •Festivals •Hackathons •Conferences ……
Increased Density •Social tie density •Residential density •Employment density •3rd places density (cafes, bars, hotels, parks, etc.) …… + Increased Diversity •Demographic diversity •Enterprise diversity (big companies, startups, research centers, non-profits, etc.) •Housing diversity (young professionals, families, elderly, laborers, etc.) •Activity diversity (eating, socializing, working, playing) …… + New Urban Systems • Compact, dense, walkable neighborhoods • Shared-use personal and public mobility • Shared co-working, fab-labs, public spaces, etc. • Networks and urban nervous system …… + Increased Events •Festivals •Hackathons •Conferences …… High Innovation (Eco/Green/Smart/Low-Carbon City)
Cities for People (not machines)
City Science: Urban Big Data and New Urban Systems Ryan Chin, Ph.D. Managing Director City Science Initiative MIT Media Lab rchin@mit.edu
5 Proactively Encouraging Interactions (to promote innovation)
104
105
diversity connections
Persuasive Electric Vehicle (PEV) Michael Lin, Carson Smuts, Sandra Rickter - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Design of Innovative, High-Performance Places for People Kent Larson Changing Places
113 Urban Garden (Kent Larson)
114 Urban Garden (Kent Larson)
CityFarm Lab Caleb Harper, Jason Nawyn - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
CityFarm Lab, Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
119 CityScope Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab Modeling Interactions
CityScope, Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

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