Material of construction - concrete # Definition # Uses # Types # Properties # Problems By Mohammed Hilal 22/11/2015

1. Construction
Materials
Mohammed Hilal Al-Ismaily
12s10125

2.  One of the most important material used on constructions.
 One of the widest used construction material wide-world.
 Can be placed and molded into any shape.
 The United States almost uses this material twice as any other
construction materials combined. (
 What do think it is ?

3. ConcreteLauran Stimac , 2003

4. Main Points
Concrete Definition
Concrete Uses
Concrete Properties
Concrete types
Concrete Problems

5. First - Concrete Definition
• Concrete is:
 Composed mainly of cement, aggregate, water, and chemical admixtures.
 A powdery substance made with lime and clay.
Sand, gravel and crushed stone.
Joel Sartore , 2014

6. Second - Concrete Uses
• Used to :
 Make pavements, pipe, structures, foundations, roads, bridges/overpasses,
walls and footings for gates.

7. Concrete Properties
• Concrete has :
 High compressive strength , low tensile strength.
 Elasticity of concrete is relatively constant at low stress levels but starts
decreasing at higher stress levels as matrix cracking develops.
 Concrete structures will crack to some extent, due to shrinkage and tension.

8. Concrete Types
• There are various types of concrete for different applications that are
created by changing the proportions of the main ingredients.
• The mix design depends on the type of structure being built.
• The are more than 20 type of concrete.

9. Fifth - Concrete Problems
 Problem #1: Plastic Shrinkage
• Plastic shrinkage occurs when a high rate of water evaporates from the
concrete surface and is affected by :
• temperature, humidity, velocity and temperature of concrete.
 Problem #2: Crazing
• Crazing is caused by rapid moisture loss.
SERKAN KOÇ,2003

10.  Concrete Definition
• Water + Cement + Aggregate
 Concrete Uses
• Structures / Foundations / Pipes …
 Concrete Properties
• High compressive strength / Elasticity
 Concrete types
• More than 20 types
 Concrete Problems
• Plastic Shrinkage / Crazing

11. oWeb
o Smith.(June 2007).ConstructionAggregate ,Mining Engineering
Retrieved 2015-10-23
o Miller, F. MacGregor(Oct ,2013) "Quality Protocol for Aggregates”
Aggregain.org.uk. Retrieved 2015-10-23
oBooks
o J. C. Hayes, and H. M. Mann. 1954. Permeability of portland cement paste
o Nelson Bolen (June 2008). "ConstructionAggregates”

12. Questions