2. PREDATION
The snake is holding on to the
rat. The rat is the snake’s
meal. The snake is equipped
with body structures that
allow it to hunt for food. It
hunts small animals. This
process of obtaining food is
called predation. The hunter is
called the predator and the
hunted is the prey.
4. Do you know…
that living things are objects of
predation in food chains develop defenses
against succeeding attacks?
5. SYMBIOSIS
Animals can also obtain
their food by living
together. This
relationships is called
symbiosis. Symbiosis is
classified into three
types: parasitism,
commensalism, and
mutualism.
7. PARASITISM
Parasitism is a kind of
hunter-prey relationship.
Here, the parasite depends
on another organism for
food, protection, and
reproduction. One example of
a parasite is a tapeworm. It
lives inside the intestine of a
larger animal such as pig,
cow, or human.
9. PARASITISM
The tape worm gets food
from its host. The
organism which a parasite
depend on is called a host.
10. COMMENSALISM
Commensalism exists when an
organism benefits from another
without harming it. One example
of commensalism is best seen
between trees and attached
plants like orchids and ferns.
The tree is not affected by the
presence of orchid on its trunk..
12. MUTUALISM
In mutualism, both organisms benefit in
the relationship. This is demonstrated by the
fishes – grouper and wrasse. The grouper
allows the wrasse to dart in and out of its
mouth. The wrasse cleans the grouper’s mouth
in exchange for the small pieces of foods it
can get.
14. MUTUALISM
In the rice fields, Azolla (water
fern) is grown together with the
rice plants. Azolla allows an alga,
Anabaena to live with it. The
Anabaena fixes nitrogen in the
soil making it fertile. The Azolla
and Anabaena both benefit from
the presence of each other.
16. MUTUALISM
The gas exchange between plants
and animals is another example
of mutualism. Oxygen needed by
animals is given off by plants
while the carbon dioxide needed
by plats is given off by animals.
17. These relationships
affect the food chain.
If a harmful kind of
relationship dominates in
an ecosystem, it will
cause a problem.
For example, if all frogs living in a pond
leave or die, what will happen to the
population of animals that feed on frogs?
How about this animals that the frogs
eat? This condition disrupts the food
chain.
19. The Producers
and Consumers
In a food chain, green plants contain the
greatest amount of stored energy from the
sun. look at the number of consumers in the
food chain. Animals that feed on these
plants are called the primary consumers.
Those that eat primary consumers are
called secondary consumers. Tertiary
consumers are animals that feed on
secondary consumers.
20. The SUN
Is the source
Of ENERGY.
PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY
PRODUCER
CONSUMER CONSUMER CONSUMER
21. Producers manufacture foods
that contain energy. This energy
is used to sustain the operations
of the life processes in the
body. Activities such as running,
climbing, inhaling and even
thinking require energy use.
