1. FUNDAMENTAL RESERVOIR FLUID PROPERTIES
Ekeh Modesty Kelechukwu
Dept. of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering
UCSI University
56000 Cheras , Kuala Lumpur
ekehmodesty@ucsi.edu.my
2. Syllabus
Fundamental of Reservoir Fluid Behaviours
Sampling and analysis of reservoir fluids
Basic classification of hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon phase behaviours (single, double, multi-components)
Classification of reservoir fluids
Gas properties
Liquid properties
Formation water properties
9. Sampling and analysis of reservoir fluids
To obtain good equilibrium and representative reservoir fluid sample.
Temperature and pressure changes influence equilibrium composition
of the gas and liquid phases.
Sampling Methods:
separator surface sampling
bottomhole sampling
Analysis Methods:
PVT analysis
HPHT
Compositional analysis up to C70
Constant composition expension
Viscosity
Differential liberation
Compressibility
10. General properties of hydrocarbon fluids
Formation volume factor, Bg, Bo, Bw: volres/volsc
Density, specific gravity
Isothermal Compressibility
Viscosity
Solution Gas-Oil Ratio
Ideal gas law: pV = nRT
Real gas law: pV = znRT
12. Typical composition of Petroleum Gases
Gas from Oil Well
Hydrocarbons
Methane 45-92%
Ethane 4-21%
Propane 1 - 15%
Butane 0.5 - 7%
Pentane v. little - 3%
Hexane v. little - 2%
Heptane+ v. little - 1.5%
Non-hydrocarbons
Nitrogen v. little – up to 10%
Carbon dioxide v. little - 4%
Hydrogen Sulfide v. little - 6%
Helium none
13. Typical Crude Oil Fractions
Crude oil fractions Boiling Chemical
Point, oF Composition Usages
Gas hydrocarbon C1 – C2 Fuel gas
up to 100 C3 – C6 Bottled fuel gas, solvent
Gasoline 100 – 500 C5 – C10 Motor fuel, solvent
Kerosene 350 – 480 C11 – C13 Jet fuel, cracking stock
Light Gas Oil 450 – 480 C13 – C17 Diesel fuel, furnace fuel
Heavy Gas Oil 580 – 750 C18 – C25 Lubricating oil, bunker fuel
Lubricant and Wax 750 – 950 C26 – C38 Lubricating oil, paraffin wax, petroleum jelly
Residual Oil 950+ C38+ Tar, roof compound, asphalt, coke
19. Nomenclature of Alkanes
Based on IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) rules:
Alkyl groups (missing one hydrocarbon atom): methyl group, ethyl group, prophyl group
These rules are as follows:
The largest continuous chain of carbon atoms is taken as the
framework on which the various alkyl groups are considered to be
substituted. Thus the following hydrocarbon is a pentane.
The parent hydrocarbon is then numbered starting from the
end of the chain and the substituent groups are assigned numbers
corresponding to their positions on the chain. The direction of
numbering is chosen to give the lowest sum for
the numbers of the side chain substituents. Thus, the
hydrocarbon is 2,3-dimethylpentane. .
20. Nomenclature of Alkanes
Where there are two identical substituents in one position
as in the compound below numbers are supplied for each.
Branched-chain substituent groups are given appropriate
names by a simple extension of the system used for branched
chain hydrocarbons. The longest chain of the substituent is
numbered starting with the carbon attached directly to the
parent hydrocarbon chain. Parentheses are used to separate
the numbering of the substituent and the main hydrocarbon
chain.
When there are two or more different substituents present,
the common method is to list the substituents in alphabetical
order, although the substituents are sometimes listed in order
of increasing complexity.