Regional Energy Roadmaps

DELIVERABLE
Project Acronym: MAGHRENOV
Grant Agreement number: 609453
Project Title: Convergence between EU and MAGHREB MPC innovation systems
in the field of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (RE&EE) –
A test-bed for fostering Euro Mediterranean Innovation Space
(EMIS)
D3.3 SYNTHETIC ROADMAPS ADAPTED TO
REGIONAL CLIMATIC, ECONOMICAL AND
SOCIETAL CHARACTERISTICS
Version: 1.0
Authors:
Antoni MARTINEZ (KIC InnoEnergy)
Emilien SIMONOT (KIC InnoEnergy)
Lucienne KROSSE (KIC InnoEnergy)
Aart DE GEUS (KIC InnoEnergy)
Nadia ZEDDOU (IRESEN)
Internal Reviewers:
Abdelhak CHAIBI (R&D Maroc)
Helene BEN KHEMIS (ANME)
Josep BORDONAU (UPC)
Dissemination Level
P Public X
C Confidential, only for members of the consortium and the Commission Services
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological
development and demonstration under the grant agreement no. 609453.

D3.3 Synthetic Roadmaps Adapted to Regional Climatic, Economical and Societal Characteristics
Table of Contents
Table of Contents.......................................................................................................2
Table of Tables.........................................................................................................3
Table of Figures........................................................................................................3
Revision History.........................................................................................................4
Executive Summary.....................................................................................................5
1 Introduction............................................................................................................6
2 EuroMed Renewable Energies Roadmaps...........................................................................7
2.1 Context of the Document......................................................................................8
2.2 Market Challenges and Business Drivers......................................................................9
2.3 Technologies to Address those Challenges ................................................................12
2.4 Roadmap: Overview...........................................................................................13
2.5 Roadmap: Details per Topic Selected.......................................................................17
2.5.1 Details per Technology/Product/Service/Application Selected:...................................17
2.5.2 Assessment on “Impactibility” of Selected Topic:....................................................31
2.5.3 Industry Value Chain Necessary..........................................................................51
2.5.4 Actions Needed to Increase “Impactability” (Action Plan)..........................................53
3 EuroMed Energy Efficiency Roadmap .............................................................................54
3.1 Introduction: General data for the profile of the building & Industry sector.........................54
3.2 Conclusions and Observations, Based on Information from Maghreb Countries.......................61
3.3 The Roadmap: Smart Cities and Buildings..................................................................63
3.3.1 Local Energy Supply, Conversion and Storage.........................................................64
3.3.2 Energy Efficient buildings................................................................................66
Local energy networks in the city.............................................................................68
3.3.3 4 Intelligent energy efficient cities.....................................................................70
3.3.4 Roadmap: Future Hotels..................................................................................72
3.3.4.1 Energy producing hotel, active systems.............................................................72
3.3.4.2 Energy producing hotels passive systems ...........................................................74
3.4 Table of Measures for Energy Efficiency in the Industry.................................................76
4 Conclusion.............................................................................................................78
© MAGHRENOV Consortium Version 1.0 - 03/08/20142

5 References............................................................................................................79
6 Annex 1. List of participating experts............................................................................80
Table of Tables
Table 1 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Wind Farms and O&M Improvements ................................31
Table 2 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Design and Components Adapted to Local Conditions.............32
Table 3 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Wind Assessment........................................................33
Table 4 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Manufacturing and Logistics...........................................34
Table 5 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Power Transmission and Grid Integration ..........................36
Table 6 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Small & Mid-Scale Wind Turbines....................................37
Table 7 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of PV Cells and Modules ..................................................38
Table 8 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Design and Components Adapted to Local Conditions ............40
Table 9 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of PV Systems Integration ................................................41
Table 10 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Autonomous Power Systems ........................................42
Table 11 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Higher Plant Efficiency ..............................................45
Table 12 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Lower Investment and O&M Costs and Increased Sustainability
............................................................................................................................48
Table 13 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Thermal Storage.......................................................50
Table 14 - Tunisia' Industrial Sector.................................................................................55
Table 15 - Heating and Cooling Consumption in Morocco........................................................56
Table 16 - Table of Measures for Energy Efficiency in the Industry............................................77
Table of Figures
Figure 1 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Renewable Energies - Wind Energy.......................................14
Figure 2 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Renewable Energies - Solar Photovoltaic ...............................15
Figure 3 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Renewable Energies - Solar Thermal Electricity (STE).................16
Figure 4 - Maghreb Countries, Geographical Information........................................................54
Figure 5 - Climatic Zones in Morocco................................................................................56
Figure 6 - National Energy Consumption in Morocco..............................................................57
Figure 7 - Energy Efficiency Potential in Mediterranean Region South 2010-2030...........................58
Figure 8 - The Five Pillars of Morocco’s Energy Strategy.........................................................59
Figure 9 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Local Energy Supply, Conversion and Storage...64

Figure 10 - KIC Inno Energy Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Energy Efficiency Buildings .....................66
Figure 11 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Urban Energy Networks...........................68
Figure 12 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Energy Cities........................................70
Figure 13 - KIC Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Producing Hotels.................................................73
Figure 14 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Energy Producing Hotels..........................75
Revision History
Revision Date Author Organization Description
0.1 21/07/2014 E.SIMONOT
A.DE GEUS
KIC SE
KIC SE
Initial draft
0.2 23/07/2014 E.SIMONOT
A.DE GEUS
KIC SE
KIC SE
Experts
review
0.3 30/07/2014 H.BEN KHEMIS
J. BORDONAU
A.CHAIBI
ANME
UPC
R&D Maroc
Consortium
partners
review
1.0 31/07/2014 E.SIMONOT
A.DE GEUS
KIC SE
KIC SE
Final Version
Statement of originality:
This deliverable contains original unpublished work except where clearly indicated otherwise.
Acknowledgement of previously published material and of the work of others has been made
through appropriate citation, quotation or both.

Executive Summary
KIC InnoEnergy is leader within the MAGHRENOV consortium of the task of the elaboration of thematic
roadmaps adapted to Mediterranean and Maghreb regional climatic, economic and societal
characteristics. Those roadmaps are strategic documents with the objective to set up a frame for the
EuroMed cooperation in technology innovation in sustainable energy. This frame is to be used as a basis
for WP4 activities, namely “Support to joint innovation projects” where concrete innovation projects may
be funded under a MAGHRENOV EuroMed joint call for proposal foreseen in January 2015 and January
2016.
The deliverable D3.3 Synthetic roadmaps adapted to climatic, economical and societal characteristics is
composed of two roadmaps - Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency.
The present document deals with the most relevant Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency
Technologies in the Mediterranean area context, for “Renewable Energies” theme namely:
• Wind Energy
• Solar Photovoltaic
• Solar Thermal Electricity
and “Energy Efficient Buildings and Cities” :
• Local energy supply, conversion and storage
• Energy Efficient Buildings
• Local energy networks within the city
• Intelligent Energy Efficient Cities
• Based on the information from the Maghreb countries the topic of touristic sector has been
added. For this sector 2 roadmaps are added: Energy producing hotel, active systems; and Energy
producing hotels, passive systems
Methodology which was used to adopt KIC InnoEnergy Technology roadmaps was based on co-
development and cooperation approach between experts from KIC InnoEnergy, Morocco and Tunisia,
such as interviews with experts, documents sharing, Renewable Energies Roadmap applies inaddition
matrix methodology which allows to identify more specifically technologies with higher potential.
This deliverable is logically arrives ahead of future MAGHRENOV project deliverables in the work
package “Knowledge and Infrastructures for Innovation”, namely:
D3.4 Catalogue of evaluated competences (KIC IE SE)
D3.5 Prioritization of joint objectives for R&D and support to innovation (ANME)
D3.6 List of existing facilities along with the ESFRI classification scheme (IRESEN)
D3.7 Workshop articulating with ESFRI Agenda
D3.8 Investment opportunity reports on Infrastructures

Synthetic Roadmaps in RE and EE will enrich and complete the MAGHRENOV RE&EE Knowledge database
which is enabled in the framework of the project.
1 Introduction
The objective of the Deliverable 3.3 is to establish specific technology innovation roadmaps for
EuroMed Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency (RE&EE). To carry out this deliverables, experts of
KIC InnoEnergy based their analysis of different innovative technologies in Mediterranean Partners
Countries (MPCs) on the existing KIC InnoEnergy roadmaps as well national roadmaps from Morocco and
Tunisia.
Synthetic roadmaps for Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency were developed to optimally address
regional needs and priorities with a view on collaboration and co-development.
This deliverable is an important cornerstone to prepare the further launch of an experimental call and
brokerage event for joint innovative projects in the area of RE&EE in January 2015. It will help to
identify collaborative projects bridging between R&D obtained results and innovation, task which will
be carried out by KIC InnoEnergy (The Netherlands), IRESEN (Morocco), R&DMaroc (Morocco) and ANME
(Tunisia)

2 EuroMed Renewable Energies Roadmaps

2.1 Context of the Document
As part of the MAGHRENOV project activities, KIC InnoEnergy is leading the elaboration of thematic
roadmaps adapted to Mediterranean and Maghreb regional climatic, economic and societal
characteristics. Those roadmaps are strategic documents with the objective to set up a frame for the
EuroMed cooperation in technology innovation in sustainable energy. This frame is to be used as a basis
for WP4 activities where concrete innovation projects may be funded under a EuroMed joint call for
proposal.
The present document deals with the most relevant Renewable Energies Technologies in the
Mediterranean area context:
- Wind Energy
- Solar Photovoltaic
- Solar Thermal Electricity
Observations:
This working document is the template that will be used for the development of the Renewable
Energies Technologies Roadmaps due end of June 2014 (Task 3.A. – deliverable 3.3).
This template can be modified and/or adjusted according to the needs inherent to each technology, but
the overall structure should remain as presented here.
The strategies and roadmaps defined in this document need to focus on topics and areas in order to
reach the highest possible impact in the market. This impact has to be monitored under the following
criteria:
- Shortest time to market for the technology involved (ideally not more than 5 years);
- Highest impact in: decrease of levelized cost of energy, increase of operability, decrease of
GHG effects (those impacts are even more important as are included technology fields related
with heating & cooling and steam production) and supply/demand integration;
- Possibility for identified EuroMed industry to reach a market leadership position (include local
employment issues) with an accent on co-development;
- Identified interest and commitment from industry from North and South, as well;
- Foreseeable regulatory convergence and impact;
- Required and diversified investments to develop innovation;

- Local capacity to address the objective of the roadmaps (will be addressed further in the
competence mapping, D3.4)
2.2 Market Challenges and Business Drivers
The priorities of renewable energies technologies have been defined in the three sectors where their
potential impact is most important, in terms of lower energy costs, market volume, CO2 emission
savings, and network integration in period 2014-2019: Wind, Solar Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal
Electricity.
The challenges for each technology are:
WIND ENERGY:
Commercial onshore wind energy exists since about 25 years and is considered a relatively mature
technology. Its implementation is localised principally in Western Europe, North America and China.
Since a few years, wind farm developments are occurring in new geographical areas such as South
America, Northern Europe and Northern Africa with specific challenges due to local context (climatic,
economic, grids, etc…).
The market challenges to be addressed in Northern Africa focus on enabling the deployment of wind
energy both for small to medium scale application (ideally connected to commercial or industrial loads)
as they have to face the increasing competitiveness of PV installations; and for large wind farms aiming
at powering national grids as well as exporting energy through international connexions to Europe. More
concretely:
• Reduction of the LCOE (Levelised Cost Of Energy) through Wind Farm and O&M improvements, risks
mitigation.
• Adapt wind turbine design to Northern Africa specific conditions (high temperature variations, dust,
radiation, specific wind conditions, etc.), include innovative concepts, design and materials of the
components. This topic includes, if needed the design of small to mid-scale wind turbines.
• Better accuracy of the wind assessment for design improvement, siting & layout and production
forecast.
• Adapted production processes and logistics: manufacturing, transport and installation solutions.
• Improving the grid integration for increasing the wind farms deployment, including energy storage
and low to mid voltage applications.
• Develop the use of small and mid-scale wind turbines
• Supply/demand integration.
SOLAR PV:
In a short – medium term, the market challenge is the cost reduction and improved performance c-Si,
and thin film PV (TFPV) to achieve the grid parity for retail electricity. Grid parity would be the key for
the strong deployment of the Building Integrated PV (BIPV) applications for both technologies. In the
case of TFPV, cost and life-time effective use of new substrates will result in new products and business

opportunities related to BIPV and other new applications. In a longer term, advanced materials and
processes will be the challenges.
PV has also an important role to play in the power supply of isolated and remote power systems, either
as stand-alone technology or as part of hybrid systems including, diesel generator, wind energy,
storage, etc. In this case, the challenge focus on cost reduction to make those projects economically
feasible (especially in term of CAPEX) and on improving their reliability with a view on supply/demand
integration.
Large PV plants have also to be considered as part of the expected PV development in Northern Africa
with challenges linked to cost optimisation to ensure plants feasibility, to operation and to grid
integration.
Eventually, common challenges to all PV installation in Maghreb have to be addressed such as the
adaptation of cells and modules to local conditions (higher radiation and temperatures) and locally dust
and sand impact which might be addressed by new specific standards from design and operation
perspective.
Overall, the market challenges are:
• To increase efficiency, stability and life time as key factors to reduce PV costs, improving design,
components (coatings, etc.), O&M strategies and certification processes to local condition with
adapted standards.
• Adapt / select (beyond existing one) technology to Northern Africa specific conditions (high
temperature variations, dust, radiation, etc.), include innovative concepts, design and materials of
the components.
• Improve controllability and forecasting of PV systems output to optimise operation and integration
in power systems / national grid.
• Low cost / high reliability systems for remote/isolated applications, including storage and demand-
adapted solutions.
• Building Integrated PV (BIPV).
SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY (STE):
The market challenge in Solar Thermal Energy (STE), also known as Concentrated Solar Power (CSP), is
to reach effective LCOE that make it possible to install STE plants without subsidies (feed-in tariffs or
tax credits). The main issues are: increasing efficiency, cost reduction on the components and O&M
with increased sustainability, and energy management by improved storage.
This technology also presents high potential in the field of heating and cooling as well as steam
production. In Maghreb, the application spans from improving the penetration of renewable energies in
industry or other scenarios, thanks to small scale applications (heat, cool or electricity production) to
new applications for steam production such as supporting the exploitation of end of life oil rigs.
This technology is of special interest in a medium term as important projects (like Desertec) plans to
organise a massive power generation from STE plants in Northern Africa to feed European power
systems, converting Maghreb region in an important hub of the European energy system. The market
challenges are:
• Improve designs to reduce the land requirement & increase plant efficiency.
• Lower investment and O&M costs in order to reduce the LCOE (including installation methodology to
reduce costs, building lead times, H&S issues, etc.). Improved handling of sustainability issues.

• Decrease costs of specific storage technology (thermal).

2.3 Technologies to Address those Challenges
Identified appropriate technologies to overcome the challenges are:
WIND ENERGY:
• Wind Farm and O&M improvements
• Design and components adapted to local conditions
• Wind assessment
• Manufacturing and logistics
• Power transmission and grid integration
• Small and mid-scale wind turbines
SOLAR PV:
• PV cells and modules
• PV Systems integration
• Autonomous power systems
SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY (STE):
• Higher plant efficiency
• Lower investment and O&M costs & increased sustainability
• Thermal storage

2.4 Roadmap: Overview
The following charts are shown as an example of the final result that has to be reached in this section
of the document. The content of the charts comes from KIC InnoEnergy V1 roadmap.

Wind farm & operation and maintenance improvements
Design and components adapted to local conditions
Wind assessment
Manufacturing & Logistics
Power transmission & grid integration
Small & mid-scale wind turbines
Grid integration strategies at power system level & long distance transmission
Design and adapted standards for small and mid-scale wind turbines
Improvement in siting and micrositing & in wind fore- and nowcasting
Advanced wind farm control & improved operation and maintenance strategies
Development of adapted wind turbine designs and standards
Optimisation of WTG components and new products adapted to Mediterranean conditions
Development and update of wind energy atlases
WIND ENERGY
• Reduction of the LCOE through Wind Farm and O&M improvements, risks mitigation
• Adapt turbine design to Northern Africa specific conditions, including innovative concepts and materials of the components
• Better accuracy of the wind assessment for design improvement, siting & layout and production forecast
• Adapted production processes and logistics: manufacturing, transport and installation solutions
• Improving grid integration for increasing wind energy deployment, including energy storage and low to mid voltage applications
• Develop the use of small and mid-scale wind turbines
2020ChallengesProducts&Services
Target
2014 20202016 2018
Energy Storage and smart grid management
Development of hybrid systems
Improvement in manufacturing processes & logistics
Important OPEX reduction leading
to a minimum 2% LCOE decrease
Technical optimisation will bring
together an economical
optimisation with impact through
relevant LCOE decrease up to 5%
Increase of market attractiveness
Increase of operability
Overall reduced impact on LCOE
(lower than 1%)
Impact on project acceptance
LCOE impact low
Demonstrate and implement grid
integration of wind energy.
Increase wind energy penetration.
Increase the use of wind energy for
the distributed supply.
Reduce the cost of small wind
power.
Figure 1 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Renewable Energies - Wind Energy
© MAGHRENOV Consortium Version 1.0 - 03/08/2014 14

Improvement of forecasting and nowcasting of PV production based on metrological data
System design with improved grid integration capabilities and demonstration of smart grid implementation
PV cells and modules
Design and components adapted to local conditions
PV systems integration
Autonomous power systems
Building-integrated PV
Adaptation of existing technologies to typical technical specifications for Northern Africa regions
Development of product selection and specific certification strategies
Development of BiPV systems
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC
• Improving design, components, O&M strategies and certification to local standards for increasing key factors (efficiency, etc.)
• Adapt technology to Northern Africa specific conditions, including innovative concepts, design, and materials of the components.
• Improving controllability and forecasting of PV systems output to optimise operation and integration in power systems
• Low cost/high reliability systems for remote/isolated applications, including storage
• Building Integrated PV (BIPV)
Target
Energetic optimised use of the BiPV generated electricity
Low cost highly reliable components for autonomous systems, including production devices and storage
2014 20202016 2018
Targeted improvements in cell technology, cell and module design and manufacturing and balance of plant
Development of adapted certification strategies
Development of adapted cleaning systems
Monitoring and control of PV systems in isolated remote areas and their electrochemical storage
Applications to water pumping and desalination
Increase cell performance:
efficiency, lifetime and reduce
degradation.
Increase recyclability.
Selection of most adapted existing
devices to local conditions.
Short term cost optimisation.
Development of specific system for
the operation of the plants.
Increase operability and integration
of PV energy into the grid.
Increase the distributed generation
Increase the electrification of
remote areas with cheapest and
more reliable technology.
Deliver suitable materials for low
cost and reliable BIPV.
Figure 2 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Renewable Energies - Solar Photovoltaic

Higher plant efficiency
Lower investment and O&M costs & improved sustainability
Thermal storage
High-temperature receivers with improved coating and matching advanced heat transfer fluids
Software-supported component and plant design and operational control
SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY (STE)
• Increasing competitiveness of STE plants and reduce land requirement
• Lowering investment and O&M costs in order to reduce LCOE
• Better dispatchability and grid integration allow a higher market penetration
• Finding solutions for countries with specific constraints (scarce water, sand storms)
Target
2014 20202016 2018
Innovative thermodynamic cycles and alternative working fluids
Optimized collector and collector field design
Reduced or no water consumption by use of improved cleaning methods and efficient dry-cooling systems
Improved durability and lifetime assessment of key components
Modular plant design
Design of piping and instrumentation tools
Improved storage properties & thermochemical storage systems
Better grid implementation and storage functions of smart grids
Hybridisation with other fuel types (biomass, natural gas, etc.)
Wide bunch of activities with
relevant impact in CAPEX & OPEX
and an expected reduction of LCOE
higher than 10%.
Significant potential impact on local
development through local content
products.
Most relevant impact is relative to a
lower water consumption.
Improvement of OPEX leads also to
an expected 2 to 3% decrease of
LCOE.
Increase the integration of STE as
well as its use as a dispatchable
technology.
LCOE potentially reduced by 2 to
3%.
Figure 3 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Renewable Energies - Solar Thermal Electricity (STE)

2.5 Roadmap: Details per Topic Selected
2.5.1 Details per Technology/Product/Service/Application Selected:
WIND ENERGY:
TOPIC name Subtopic short description Economic and social impact comments
1.1 Wind Farm and O&M improvements
Subtopic 1.1.1-Advanced Wind Farm
control strategy
Development of more holistic control strategies
with understanding of the different operation
drivers and the potential to provide multi-objective
optimal control of wind farms to minimize LCOE,
maximize revenues and soften the impact in the
power systems.
The implementation of such systems suppose relevant
improvement of existing tools, meaning reasonable
increases of the CAPEX linked to the turbine and
balance of plant. The impact on OPEX is positive, with
an expected reduction due to a more efficient targeted
operation strategy with an overall reduction of LCOE
possibly reaching 1%.
Subtopic 1.1.2-Improvement in
Operation and Maintenance
strategies
Introduction of new techniques and tools to
improve the maintenance of Wind Farms, possibly
including: inventory management, improved
inspections and repairs, condition monitoring, etc…
A relatively controlled increase on CAPEX, principally
due to implementation of new systems on the turbine,
is responsible for a high reduction of OPEX (mainly
unplanned OPEX), leading to a relevant impact on LCOE
reaching almost 1,5%.
1.2 Design and components adapted to local conditions
Subtopic 1.2.1-Development of
adapted wind turbine designs and
standards
Current wind turbine designs and standards are
adapted to temperate climates rather than to
extreme climates. Adapt those designs and
standards to high temperature and highly abrasive
environment (dust concentration).
The adaptation to existing equipment to local
conditions will affect directly through a CAPEX
increase that will be compensate by further OPEX
optimization as WTG will suffer less from climatic
conditions. The expected resulting impact in a
substantial reduction of the LCOE.
Subtopic 1.2.2-Optimisation of WTG
components and new products
adapted to Mediterranean conditions
Adaptation of integrated & multi variable design
tools for ad-hoc design of components in a
perspective of increased performance in
Mediterranean conditions.
Required investments can increase the CAPEX of up to
7% but resulting lower OPEX (1% reduction) and higher
yields could lead to LCOE reduction higher than 5%,
probably close to 8%.
1.3 Wind assessment

Subtopic 1.3.1-Development and
update of wind energy atlases
Publication and constant update of national, large
scale wind energy database. Mobilisation of last
generation of measuring techniques and application
of last published standards. Those tools provide
useful information in the wind farm development
phase.
Low CAPEX reduction as it allows a better geographical
focus during the resource assessment phase.
Risk mitigation linked to the resource assessment
phase.
Expected low impact on LCOE but will have an impact
on increasing the market attractiveness for local and
foreign developers
Subtopic 1.3.2-Improvement in siting
and micrositing
Optimization of siting and micrositing techniques to
ensure efficient layout of wind farms as well as
selection of the most appropriate WTG.
Problematic to be solved: specific wind regimes
and wind shear, complex terrain and forest
modelling.
Low CAPEX increase due to the necessity to invest on
new modelling tools.
Increase of the energy production.
Reduction of the losses (basically aerodynamic losses).
Expected: around 1% decrease of LCOE.
Subtopic 1.3.3-Improvement in wind
forecasting and nowcasting
Development or adaptation of adapted tools and
models to improve the short term forecasting of
the wind energy production to help softening the
integration of wind energy into the grid.
Increase of OPEX to implement the needed tools.
Reduction of losses due to wind energy curtailments
from the Power System Operator.
The expected impact on LCOE is reduced (lower than
0,2%) but increase of the operability of the whole wind
energy portfolio at country level, thus a higher
potential wind energy penetration, meaning a higher
market size.
1.4 Manufacturing and logistics
Subtopic 1.4.1-Improvement in
manufacturing processes
Lower the manufacturing costs and make them
more flexible to allow mobile and local fabrication
units for some of the elements of the wind farm.
Development of local manufacturing activities with
positive impact on social acceptance of the technology
by local population.
In summary, expected minimum reduction of CAPEX
gain on logistic savings and small LCOE reduction
possible.
Subtopic 1.4.2-Improvement of
logistic
Develop and use innovative transport solutions and
multi-part components (blades).
Reduction of logistic time both in construction and
operation phase with improvement on CAPEX (0,5%)
and OPEX (0,2%) and overall impact on LCOE not
reaching 0,5% reduction.
1.5 Power transmission and grid integration

Subtopic 1.5.1-Grid integration
strategies at power system level
In close cooperation with all the players of the
electricity systems, develop adapted and
reasonable requirements to ensure the smooth
integration of renewable energies into the grid, ie
ancillary services, voltage control, inertia, etc...
Design and develop the necessary products
(hardware & software) as well as services to ensure
the compliance with those requirements.
Expected increase in CAPEX and OPEX due to the
installation and maintenance of equipment to ensure
the compliance with grid codes, meaning an increase
of LCOE.
The positive impact relies in the increase of the value
of the produced electricity and the possibility to
increase wind energy penetration into the grid.
Subtopic 1.5.2-Energy Storage and
smart grid management
Evaluation and implementation of energy storage
systems at different scale: WTG, WF, regional or
national based and focusing on the different
existing technologies: flywheels, pressured water /
air, power to gas, batteries, hydrogen, etc…
Development of smart grid solutions and
management is crucial to integrate the new
flexible generation sources together with storage,
baseloads and other policy driven measures
(electric vehicles, demand side management,
etc...)
Expected increase in CAPEX and OPEX due to the
installation and maintenance of storage equipment
meaning an increase of LCOE.
The positive impact relies in the increase of the value
of the produced electricity and the possibility to
increase wind energy penetration into the grid.
Subtopic 1.5.3-Long distance
transmission and interconnections
Reinforcement and new concept of infrastructure
that allow the connection and exportation of
electricity to other geographic areas, across log
transmission lines. The objective is to reduce
drastically the transmission losses.
Point to point HVDC, multiterminal HVDC, etc...
Development of massive generation capacity in
northern Africa to provide power to the EU implies
several technology challenges that should be addressed
to reduce the cost of those installations (both CAPEX
and OPEX) as well as the losses over long power-lines.
1.6 Small & Mid-Scale Wind Turbines

Subtopic 1.6.1-Design and adapted
standards for small and mid-scale
wind turbines.
Develop adapted standards and designs to adapt
small to mid-scale wind turbine to local needs and
constraints.
Impact on the increase of the wind energy share in the
power system. Those technologies present higher cost
than the large scale wind farms.
hybrid system.
Wind solar, wind diesel, wind hydrogen, etc…
systems to provide safe and secure energy to
isolated consumption points.
Positive impact for specific application related to rural
electrification, isolated consumption points or support
to industrial loads.

SOLAR PV:
2.1 PV cells and modules
Subtopic 2.1.1-Targeted improvement
in solar cell technology
Define and set the technological choices according to
climatic and environmental conditions.
Develop techniques and processes to adapt
technology to specific and local conditions, including
(no exhaustive list):
- Improvement of Silicon materials, processes and
designs needed for crystalline silicon photovoltaic
- Improvement of processes for thin film
photovoltaics
- Improvement in cell architecture adapted to CPV
(concentrated photovoltaic)
- Development of new concepts
Overall, testing of those innovations with
development of tests for accelerated ageing.
Optimization of cell performance.
Assure longer term and higher energy output: 30
years as minimum life time and 90% of remaining
performance
New materials development to reduce PV system
costs, recyclable and easily integrated in
automated manufacturing processes. Increase
efficiency in the range of 18-22% for Si and 12-17%
for Thin Film technology.
in cell and module design and
manufacturing/production
Reduction of PV costs in Northern Africa via the
introduction of new PV solar cells and modules
concepts that can ensure the efficiency stability in
arid and semi-arid regions. Includes:
- Material, process and architecture improvements
targeting efficiency increase
- new encapsulation focused on reducing weight, cost
and losses while allowing to increase the lifetime
over 30 years. Improve the encapsulation properties
for higher resistance to specific ambient conditions.
- antisoiling and antireflective surface solutions,
including management of TCO surface for thin film
technology
- backsheets based on new materials with a positive
impact on cost, processing time, reliability and
durability.
- Substitution of conventional materials (example:
aluminum vs plastics)
- Specific design / strategies to reduce the
degradation mechanisms
Optimization of module performance.
Assure longer term and higher energy output: 30
years as minimum life time and 90% of remaining
performance
New materials development to reduce PV system
costs, recyclable and easily integrated in
automated manufacturing processes
Investment in module production lines should be
optimized in the next year by more than 10 to 15%.

Overall, testing of those innovations with
development of tests for accelerated ageing.
in Balance of Pant
Optimization of PV plant costs by the development of
specific and adapted components and devices
belonging to the Balance Of Plant, including the
electrical system, support structures and low cost
tracking systems, and other improvement linked to
CAPEX and OPEX.
Expected reduction of the costs related to Balance
Of Plant of 10% in the next years

adapted certification strategies
Characterization of innovative photovoltaic modules
and equipment (Standards and standardization).
Testing of innovative PV solar cells, modules and
other components under severe climate conditions.
Certification of the products in local conditions.
Improvement of the adaptability of PV systems to
local conditions. Market driver/booster.

Subtopic 2.2.1-Adaptation of existing
technologies to typical technical
specifications for Northern Africa
regions.
Determination of the required qualities and
properties to ensure the right applications of existing
cell and module technologies to specific conditions:
temperature variation, effect of dust and radiation.
Evaluate the benefit of the possibility to combine
two different existing technologies to answer specific
needs.
The concept should be extended to Balance Of Plant.
Possibility to reach significant cost reduction in the
very short term, together with incrementing the
experience of the overall PV sector on
understanding the climatic conditions in Northern
Africa countries, and, by the way, accelerating the
development of ad-hoc PV systems.
product selection and specific
certification strategies
Characterization of existing photovoltaic modules
and equipment (Standards and standardization).
Testing local and foreign manufactured PV solar
cells, modules and equipment under severe climate
conditions. Benchmark and certification of the
products according to local conditions.
See previous
adapted cleaning systems
Smart cleaning systems with low water consumption
Reduction of OPEX and environmental impact of PV
plants in arid and scarce water sites.
Increase of social and political acceptance of PV
plants.

2.3 PV Systems integration
Subtopic 2.3.1-Design of systems and
their components to improve PV grid
integration capabilities
Development of dedicated and systems at the level
of modules, inverters, controllers, integrated
storage, etc… Integrated power electronics and other
devices to increase the controllability of PV Systems
and allow providing new services to the power
systems (ancillary services).
PV inverters optimized for different PV technologies
with improved lifetime and lower cost.
Ensure the operability of PV in a wide range of grid
conditions. Enhance the vision of PV as a technical
solution to grid stability rather than a problem.
This concrete series of innovation might generate
higher CAPEX due the necessity of implementing
systems for grid codes compliance but the overall
objectives is about increasing the amount of PV
absorbed by the grid then decreasing the LCOE at
large scale.
Subtopic 2.3.2-Improvement of
forecasting and nowcasting of PV
production based on metrological data
Development or adaptation of tools and models to
improve the short term forecasting of PV production
to help softening the integration of wind energy into
the grid. Include modelling capacity to evaluate the
impact of distributed generation variation in the
system operation.
There is a need for the system operators to
anticipate the variation of PV outputs at all scale in
order for energy dispatching purpose. There is a
need both a CAPEX and OPEX level for PV
installations to develop such forecasting systems,
with an overall impact focused in increasing the
penetration of PV in the power systems.
Subtopic 2.3.3-Proof of concept for
Smart Grid projects in combination
with smart PV systems
Integrate PV systems in wider smart grid projects,
including advanced forecasting and automated
output control strategy, cost effective onboard
storage or demand side management mechanisms to
ensure the full operability at the lowest cost.
From a different perspective: integrate more small
PV Plant and storage facilities.
As well as for the previous points related to grid
integration, the integration of PV in Smartgrid is
expected to require some new investments in
control hardware and software to bring PV
technology at the required level of operability.

2.4 Autonomous power systems
Subtopic 2.4.1-Low cost highly
reliable components for autonomous
systems, including production devices
and storage.
Components adapted to operate in remote access
areas such as micro-grid, island, off-grid PV or hybrid
systems.
A certain number of investments in critical
components of a PV installation could allow
increasing their durability then reduce drastically
OPEX. As a result, LCOE reduction of more than 5%
could be expected but also the possibility to
strengthen the positioning of PV as the most
suitable technology for the growing market of
isolated, off-grid application
Subtopic 2.4.2-Monitoring and control
of the electrochemical storage of
solar energy.
Advanced load controllers to ensure a smooth
integration of energy in autonomous plants based on
different generation devices and integrated storage.
Storage is a costly solution but bring a lot of added
value to PV energy as it enhances the
dispatchability of PV. If the impact in terms of cost
of energy is relevant, it allows to refine the
commercialization strategies then to increase the
benefits for the plant owners.
Subtopic 2.4.3-Monitoring PV systems
in isolated remote areas
Remote/low cost monitoring of quality and condition
based maintenance strategy to ensure the right
functioning of distributed PV system (on and off-grid
applications)
As per the development of more reliable
component, the development of monitoring
techniques for PV installations will suppose a
balance between a greater CAPEX associated to a
resulting lower OPEX. Overall, and considering the
scenario of application, the final value is to
demonstrate that PV is a reliable technology for the
needed applications.
Subtopic 2.4.4-Applications to water
pumping and desalination.
-
Water pumping and desalination are energy
intensive activities. Till today they are dependent
of fossil fuel costs. The use of renewable energies
in general and of PV in particular for those
purposes will stabilize the cost of water on the
short term and bring it down on the long term.

2.5 BIPV
Subtopic 2.5.1-Building Integrated PV
(BIPV)
Development of low cost and multifunctional BIPV
products that can be used as construction material
(certified) (example: PV capacitated glass)
Development of new installation concepts and
methods.
Ideally, pilot projects to demonstrate BIPV
feasibility.
The objective are to reduce the cost of BIPV at
CAPEX and OPEX levels, keeping in mind the
services that BIPV materials are expected to give
and the added value for customers. Of course LCOE
from BIPV systems are not comparable with the rest
of traditional PV technology.
dedicated solution/uses to enhance
the use of BIPV systems
Development of storage solutions adapted to BIPV or
specific consumption associated to PV (air cooling,
etc…)
See previous

3.1 Higher plant efficiency
Subtopic 3.1.1-Alternative working
fluids
Research alternative working fluids that result in
high efficient cycle at low temperatures such as
super critical CO2
Reduce the water consumption by not using water as a
working fluid and by reducing water needs for system
cooling, develop new technology and new business
market for this new technology. The expected effects
are an increase of 1% of CAPEX and relevant reduction
of OPEX (around 2%) but final increase of LCOE around
2%.
Subtopic 3.1.2-Alternative heat
transfer fluids
Higher temperature levels of the HTF allow both
higher efficiency of the power block and higher
storage capacity per unit volume. The main
challenge to overcome is widening up the
operational bands of the working fluids.
Slightly higher operational expenditures allow an
increase in efficiency and furthermore electricity
output. The overall LCOE will be lower with a potential
to bring it up to 5% down.
Subtopic 3.1.3-Innovative cycles
Cycles that offer high efficiency at lower
temperatures example: Super critical CO2, ORC,
direct steam generation
Improve efficiency which reduces the required solar
field area, hence less land requirement and lower
amount of raw material usage. At impact level, this
innovation will not reach a relevant commercial
maturity within the next 5 years but initial works to
bring capacitive product to the market are possible.
Subtopic 3.1.4-Higher-temperature
receivers and improved selective
coatings
Higher solar absorptivity, lower thermal losses
(radiant and convective), and lower thermal
stresses can be achieved by means of more
efficient and innovative designs and better
selective coatings.
Although higher CAPEX may be expected, the
improvement of the annual overall efficiency of a
central receiver could decrease LCOE. Depending on
the technology, LCOE reduction of between 1 and 3%
can be expected.
Subtopic 3.1.5-Software
implementation - Design and
operation
Software can support the plant development
process on component level in form of design tools
for receivers and other equipment, as well as on
system level to improve overall plant efficiency. In
operation software tools help to optimize
performance of the plant.
The software supported design process helps keeping
CAPEX low, while software based plant development
and operation increase the electricity output. Both
measures aim on a decrease in LCOE. The expected
impact is high with up to 5% reduction of LCOE
achievable.
Subtopic 3.1.6-Optimised collector
and collector field design
The improvement should concern the
concentrators/heliostats: lower manpower
requirements for manufacturing and assembly, use
of cheaper materials.
Improved concepts for collector fields for
optimizing efficiency.
Economic impact: significant CAPEX reduction (up to
5%), OPEX reduction (up to 3%) and thus LCOE
reduction (up to 5%), Social impact: local development

3.2 Lower investment and O&M costs and increased sustainability
Subtopic 3.2.1-Modular design
Modular systems allowing fast installation and
construction in phases
Provides flexibility in construction and could
accelerate permitting
Subtopic 3.2.2-Reduced water
consumption during mirror cleaning
and low-soiling characteristics
New cleaning machines of low water usage and
low-soiling surfaces for concentrator mirrors and
receivers allow lower maintenance needs of STE
plants and lower water consumption.
Saving the scarce resource of water for other usages
such as irrigation. This topic not only has positive
influence on the environmental impact of STE plant,
but it will also result in lower OPEX and an
improvement of the LCOE, with an expected decrease
of 0,3%.
Subtopic 3.2.3-Water free mirror
cleaning
Cleaning solutions with low or zero water
consumption reduces OPEX
Reduces negative impact on environment and put less
pressure on the availability of water resources
Subtopic 3.2.4-Improved dry-cooling
systems
Use of dry cooling systems instead of wet cooling to
reduce water consumption drastically.
The investment would be higher but the operation
would be cheaper. Due to the lower plant efficiency,
the LCOE could increase, potentially up to 2% or more.
Social impact: local development, social acceptance
Subtopic 3.2.5-Durability and
lifetime assessment of key
components
More reliable behaviour of key components
(receiver tubes, ball-joints, TES, heat exchangers,
steam generators, pumps, etc.) and use of scratch-
resistant surfaces in order to withstand rough
environmental conditions. Adequate methods and
accelerated aging procedures to analyse
degradation and predict lifetime of key
components.
Impacts are the decrease in operational costs due to
lower service needs and the improvement of the
efficiency as the components withstand rough
environments better. The consecutive effect on LCOE
could reach almost 1% decrease.
Subtopic 3.2.6-Design of piping and
instrumentation tools
Optimize instrumentation to monitor collector
field and use of modularity to shortcut faulty parts
Economic impact: CAPEX and OPEX reduction, LCOE
reduction
3.3 Thermal storage
Subtopic 3.3.1-Thermochemical
storage
Thermal energy is used in order to maintain a
endothermic reaction with a certain substance as
product. The energy is set free at a later time by
initiating the exothermic reverse reaction.
Reduces LCOE (around 2%) by reducing energy damping
during high solar energy availability. Reduces the need
for spinning reserves hence better over economic
impact on the power generation infrastructure.

Subtopic 3.3.2-Improve attributes of
the storage systems
Example of these attributes are as follow: Energy
density of the storage medium, heat charging and
discharging capacity, stability of the storage
medium both mechanically and chemically, the
roundtrip thermal efficiency of the storage system
and the useful lifetime of the storage system
components.
Reduces LCOE by reducing energy damping during high
solar energy availability. Reduces the need for spinning
reserves.
A decrease for CAPEX of the thermal energy storage is
expected as well as for total LCOE, with a decrease
between 1 and 2% depending on the technology.
Subtopic 3.3.3-Use the grid as
storage medium (smart grid) and
include weather prediction
During low demand of electricity, excess power is
used for car battery charging, residential water
heating, water pumping and storage in Steps. Tools
for predicting the solar irradiation will support
balancing supply and demand. Data acquisition by
ground measurement networks and weather
prediction by numerical models.
Reduces LCOE by reducing energy damping during high
solar energy availability. Mildly higher O&M costs result
in a better plant efficiency and therefore in lower
LCOE.
Subtopic 3.3.4-Hybridisation
concepts
Hybridisation of solar-thermal power plants with
other fuels (biomass, fossil fuels, etc.) in order to
increase operational capabilities.
Economic impact: CAPEX and OPEX reduction, LCOE
reduction, Social impact: local development, social
acceptance, job creation

2.5.2 Assessment on “Impactibility” of Selected Topic:
WIND ENERGY:
Selection criteria Impact in:
 For criteria 1 to 6: 1 low, 9 high if applicable (correlative)
 For criteria 7 & 8: 1 high, 9 low if applicable (anti-correlative)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TRL-Level(1-9)
Costdecrease
Operability
GHGdecrease
EuroMedindustrytoreach
leadershipposition
Identifiedinterestand
commitmentfromindustry
Foreseableregulatoryimpact
RequiredInvestment
1.1 Wind Farm and O&M improvements
Subtopic 1.1.1-Improvement in siting and micrositing 5 5,5 8 9 4 6 7 6
Subtopic 1.1.2-Improvement in Operation and Maintenance strategies 5 3 7 9 7 8 8 6
Topic
Impact in
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 1.1.1-Improvement in siting and micrositing
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 1.1.2-Improvement in Operation and
Maintenance strategies
Table 1 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Wind Farms and O&M Improvements

Subtopic 1.2.1-Development of adapted wind turbine designs and
standards
7 6 9 9 6 6 2 2
Subtopic 1.2.2-Optimisation of WTG components and new products
adapted to mediteranean conditions
7 7 6 9 8 8 6 4
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 1.2.1-Development of adapted wind turbine
designs and standards
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 1.2.2-Optimisation of WTG components and
new products adapted to mediteranean conditions
Table 2 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Design and Components Adapted to Local Conditions

1.3 Wind assessment
Subtopic 1.3.1-Development and update of wind energy atlases 7,5 5 5 9 7 7 3 8
Subtopic 1.3.2-Improvement in siting and micrositing 6 7 6 9 6 8 7 8
Subtopic 1.3.3-Improvement in wind forecasting and nowcasting 6 4 9 9 7 8 3 5
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 1.3.1-Development and update of wind energy
atlases
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 1.3.2-Improvement in siting and micrositing
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 1.3.3-Improvement in wind forecasting and
nowcasting
Table 3 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Wind Assessment

1.4 Manufacturing and logistics
Subtopic 1.4.1-Improvement in manufacturing processes 5 7 8 9 7 7 4 3
Subtopic 1.4.2-Improvement of logistic 6 7 6 9 5 6 6 5
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 1.4.1-Improvement in manufacturing processes
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required Investment
Subtopic 1.4.2-Improvement of logistic
Table 4 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Manufacturing and Logistics

1.5 Power transmission and grid integration
Subtopic 1.5.1-Grid integration strategies at power system level 7 6 9 9 6 7 6 4
Subtopic 1.5.2-Energy Storage and smart grid management 5 5 9 9 6 8 6 4
Subtopic 1.5.3-Long distance transmission and Euromed interconnection 5 4 7 9 8 4 2 1

0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 1.5.1-Grid integration strategies at power
system level
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 1.5.2-Energy Storage and smart grid
management
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 1.5.3-Long distance transmission and Euromed
interconnection
Table 5 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Power Transmission and Grid Integration

1.6 Small & Mid-Scale Wind Turbunes
Subtopic 1.6.1-Design and adapted standards for small and mid-scale
wind turbines.
6 2 4 9 4 3 3 4
Subtopic 1.6.2-Development of hybrid system. 6 4 6 9 4 3 4 4
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 1.6.1-Design and adapted standards for small
and mid-scale wind turbines.
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 1.6.2-Development of hybrid system.
Table 6 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Small & Mid-Scale Wind Turbines

SOLAR PV:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2.1 PV cells and modules
Subtopic 2.1.1-Targeted improvement in solar cell technology 5 7 2 9 4 4 3 2
Subtopic 2.1.2-Targeted improvement in cell and module design and
manufacturing/production
6 5 6 9 4 4 3 3
Subtopic 2.1.3-Targeted improvement in Balance of Pant 6 6 6 9 6 4 3 5
Subtopic 2.1.4-Development of adapted certification strategies NA 5 8 9 4 6 2 8
Foreseeableregulatory
impact
RequiredInvestment
Topic
Impact in
TRL-Level(1-9)
Costdecrease
Operability
GHGdecrease
leadershipposition
commitmentfromindustry0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseeable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 2.1.1-Targeted improvement in solar
cell technology
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership position
Identified interest and
commitment from
industry
Foreseeable regulatory
impact
Required Investment
Subtopic 2.1.2-Targeted improvement in cell and
module design and manufacturing/production
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
commitment from
industry
impact
Required Investment
Subtopic 2.1.3-Targeted improvement in
Balance of Pant
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
commitment from
industry
impact
Required Investment
Subtopic 2.1.4-Development of adapted
certification strategies
Table 7 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of PV Cells and Modules

Subtopic 2.2.1-Adaptation of existing technologies to typical technical
specifications for Northern Africa regions.
5 6 6 9 7 5 3 7
Subtopic 2.2.2-Development of product selection and specific certification
strategies
5 4 8 9 6 7 3 8
Subtopic 2.2.3-Development of adapted cleaning systems 6 7 8 9 7 4 8 5

0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseeable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 2.2.1-Adaptation of existing
technologies to typical technical specifications
for Northern Africa regions.
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseeable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 2.2.2-Development of product
selection and specific certification strategies
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseeable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 2.2.3-Development of adapted
cleaning systems
Table 8 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Design and Components Adapted to Local Conditions

2.3 PV Systems integration
Subtopic 2.3.1-Design of systems and their components to improve PV grid
integration capabilities
6 3 8 9 4 6 3 5
Subtopic 2.3.2-Improvement of forecasting and nowcasting of PV production
based on meteological data
7 3 9 9 4 5 8 7
Subtopic 2.3.3-Proof of concept for Smart Grid projects in combination with smart
PV systems
5 4 7 9 4 6 3 3
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseeable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 2.3.1-Design of systems and their
components to improve PV grid integration
capabilities
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseeable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 2.3.2-Improvement of forecasting and
nowcasting of PV production based on
meteological data
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseeable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 2.3.3-Proof of concept for Smart Grid
projects in combination with smart PV systems
Table 9 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of PV Systems Integration
System integration

2.4 Autononous power systems
Subtopic 2.4.1-Low cost highly reliable components for autonomous systems,
including production devices and storage.
7 7 8 9 6 6 8 5
Subtopic 2.4.2-Monitoring and control of the electrochemical storage of solar
energy.
5 4 9 9 4 5 4 4
Subtopic 2.4.3-Monitoring PV systems in isolated remote areas 7 6 8 9 4 6 8 6
Subtopic 2.4.4-Applications to water pumping and desalination. 5 7 5 9 5 5 4 4
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseeable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 2.4.1-Low cost highly reliable
components for autonomous systems, including
production devices and storage.
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseeable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 2.4.2-Monitoring and control of the
electrochemical storage of solar energy.
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseeable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 2.4.3-Monitoring PV systems in
isolated remote areas
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseeable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 2.4.4-Applications to water pumping
and desalination.
Table 10 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Autonomous Power Systems

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TRL-Level(1-9)
Costdecrease
Operability
GHGdecrease
leadershipposition
commitmentfromindustry
Foreseableregulatoryimpact
RequiredInvestment
3.1 Higher plant efficiency
Subtopic 3.1.1-Alternative working fluids 4 4 5 9 4 6 3 4
Subtopic 3.1.2-Alternative heat transfer fluids 4 6 3 9 4 4 8 3
Subtopic 3.1.3-Innovative cycles 4 5 5 4 4 4 2 2
Subtopic 3.1.4-Higher-temperature receivers and improved selective
coatings
5 6 1 9 5 5 8 5
Subtopic 3.1.5-Software implementation - Design and operation 7 8 5 9 7 8 8 7
Subtopic 3.1.6-Optimised collector and collector field design 5 7 6 4 5 4 3 3
Topic
Impact in
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 3.1.1-Alternative working fluids
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 3.1.2-Alternative heat transfer fluids

0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 3.1.3-Innovative cycles
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 3.1.4-Higher-temperature receivers and
improved selective coatings

0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 3.1.5-Software implementation - Design and
operation
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 3.1.6-Optimised collector and collector field
design
Table 11 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Higher Plant Efficiency

3.2 Lower investment and O&M costs and increased
sustainability
Subtopic 3.2.1-Modular design 7 6 7 9 5 4 6 5
Subtopic 3.2.2-Reduced water consumption during mirror cleaning
and low-soiling characteristics
7 1 3 9 5 5 8 6
Subtopic 3.2.3-Water free mirror cleaning 4 8 8 9 7 7 3 4
Subtopic 3.2.4-Improved dry-cooling systems 6 1 1 9 3 3 9 4
Subtopic 3.2.5-Durability and lifetime assessment of key components 6 2 3 9 5 5 8 6
Subtopic 3.2.6-Design of piping and instrumentation tools 5 7 6 4 5 4 3 3
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership
position
Identified interest
and commitment
from industry
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 3.2.1-Modular design
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 3.2.2-Reduced water consumption during
mirror cleaning and low-soiling characteristics
New working fluids for higher temperatures
Better sun tracking
systems

0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership
position
Identified interest
and commitment
from industry
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 3.2.3-Water free mirror cleaning
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership
position
Identified interest
and commitment
from industry
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 3.2.4-Improved dry-cooling systems

0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 3.2.5-Durability and lifetime assessment of key
components
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 3.2.6-Design of piping and instrumentation
tools
Table 12 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Lower Investment and O&M Costs and Increased Sustainability

3.3 Thermal storage
Subtopic 3.3.1-Thermochemical storage 3-4 6 8 9 5 7 3 3
Subtopic 3.3.2-Improve attributes of the storage systems 6 3 6 9 7 4 8 3
Subtopic 3.3.3-Use the grid as storage medium (smart grid) and
include weather prediction
5 3 7 9 3 3 8 7
Subtopic 3.3.4-Hybridisation concepts 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 2
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 3.3.1-Thermochemical storage
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 3.3.2-Improve attributes of the storage systems
Improved sensible heat storage concepts

0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 3.3.3-Use the grid as storage medium (smart
grid) and include weather prediction
0
3
6
9
TRL-Level (1-9)
Cost decrease
Operability
GHG decrease
EuroMed industry to
reach leadership…
Identified interest
and commitment…
Foreseable
regulatory impact
Required
Investment
Subtopic 3.3.4-Hybridisation concepts
Table 13 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Thermal Storage

/
2.5.3 Industry Value Chain Necessary
List of industrial players (roles, and suggestion of names) that are needed to test and to bring the
technology to the market.
WIND ENERGY:
• Wind Farm and O&M improvements:
ONEE, Nareva, STEG, INM, Ctren, Engineering Universities, Wind farm developers, OEMs, control system
suppliers, EPCs, O&M specialists, etc…
• Design and components adapted to local conditions:
Local heavy industry & industry (Aqwa, Salub, etc…), local manufacturers, research centers,
Universities, International OEMs, Engineering companies, etc…
• Wind assessment:
Maroc Météo, ONEE, STEG, ANME, INM, Crten, Engineering universities, CENER, Fraunhofer IWES,
Vortex, TSOs, software and engineering companies, etc…
• Manufacturing and logistics:
Jet Alu, GIMAS, ONEE, Nareva, Education centers, EPC, OEMs, O6M companies, etc…
• Power transmission and grid integration:
ONEE, STEG, European TSOs, storage specialized companies, all players of the electricity field, etc…
• Small to mid-scale wind turbines:
OEMs, research centers and engineering universities, Engineering companies and utilities, etc…
SOLAR PV:
• Pv cells and modules
• PV Systems integration
• Autonomous power systems
• BIPV
Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mines (MIEM), Tunisia, Agency for the Promotion of Industry and
Innovation (APII), Research and Technology Centre of Energy (CRTEn), Tunisian Company of Electricity
and Gas (STEG), Tunisian Union of Industry, Trade and Commerce (UTICA), National Institute for
Standardization and Industrial Property (INNORPI, Technical Centre for Mechanical and Electrical
Industries (CETIME), National Syndical Chamber of Renewable Energies (CSNER), NR-Sol, VOLTA PV,
National Office for electric power (ONEE, Morroco).
OEMs, PV plant developers, EPCs, Architects, storage manufacturers, consultancy and engineering
companies, research centers and universities, etc…
• Higher plant efficiency
Equipment manufacturers and OEMs, Solar plant developers, Research centers and Universities,
Consulting & engineering companies, EPCs, etc…
• Lower investment and O&M costs and improved sustainability
Equipment manufacturers and OEMs, Solar plant developers, Research centers and Universities,
Consulting & engineering companies, EPCs, etc…
• Thermal storage

Consulting & engineering companies, chemical industry, solar plant developers, Research centers and
Universities, etc…

2.5.4 Actions Needed to Increase “Impactability” (Action Plan)
Maximum 5 actions to bridge the gaps identified in the previous assessment, in order to increase the
“Impactability”
• Action 1: Increase the education and capacity building in the field of renewable energies; develop
specific trainings in targeted sectors to look for synergies: industry, financing, construction, etc…
• Action 2: Development of a local and effective renewable energy value chain to bring local suppliers for
the economic and social viability of the sector.
• Action 3: Develop action to increase the global awareness and the social acceptance of renewable
energies beyond the population.
• Action 4: Develop accompanying measures at regulatory level to enhance the development of
renewable energy: regulation for the construction sector, energy efficiency and/or commitment from
heavy industries and other market stakeholders.
• Action 5: Support the development of R&D with induced innovation models and measures that ensure
the right pull from the market.

3 EuroMed Energy Efficiency Roadmap
3.1 Introduction: General data for the profile of the
building & Industry sector
The MAGHRENOV EU project, deliverable D3.1 gives an overview of the existing re&ee roadmaps adapted to
the region, version: 1.0 dd 28/02/2014. Here data for Tunisia and Morocco is given in general terms related
to the buildings and industry sector.
Figure 4 - Maghreb Countries, Geographical Information
Tunisia
Population: 10.8 million inhabitants
Area; 165.000 km2 (smallest Maghreb country)
Climate: Tunisia's climate is temperate in the north, with mild rainy winters and hot, dry summers. The
south of the country is dessert. The terrain in the north is mountainous. In the south it is hot and dry.
Three zones: Mediterranean, western plateau and south
Central plain: The east along the coast line has a Mediterranean climate
Building & Industry characteristics: more than 2.5 Million dwellings, increase in villa’s, apartments
Economics: the agricultural sector stands for 11.6% of the GDP, industry 25.7%, and services 62.8%. The
industrial sector is mainly made up of clothing and footwear manufacturing, production of car parts, and
electric machinery. GDP: 41 Billion USD
Education: The higher education system in Tunisia has experienced a rapid expansion and the number of
students has more than tripled over the past 10 years from approximately 102,000 in 1995 to 365,000 in
2005.
Energy Infrastructure: The majority of the electricity used in Tunisia is produced locally, by state-owned
company STEG (Société Tunisienne de l´Electricité et du Gaz). In 2008, a total of 13,747 GWh was produced
in the country.
Oil production of Tunisia is about 97,600 barrels per day (15,520 m3
/d). The main field is El Bourma.[
Legislation/Policy: energy subsidized prices, building regulations and labelling equipment.
1999: programme started: supply side stimulation, raising awareness and market regulation
2004: mandatory provisions for thermal performance of new buildings
Touristic sector: hotels important

Subsidy on insulation, solar
Energy demand growing: economic growth, lifestyle changes, population growth.
Power hungry household goods and air-conditioning.
Industry:
Tunisia's industrial sector is comprised of 5,661 enterprises having 10 or more employees, of which 2,600 are
totally exporting enterprises.
Sectors TE* OTE* Total %
Manufacture of food products 203 842 1,045 18.5%
Manufacture of construction products, ceramic and glass 23 430 453 8.0%
Manufacture of mechanicals and basic metals 184 450 634 11.2%
Manufacture of electric and electronic equipment 245 131 376 6.6%
Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products 132 423 555 9.8%
Manufacture of textile and wearing apparel 1,516 298 1,814 32.0%
Manufacture of wood and wood products 28 178 206 3.6%
Manufacture of leather and footwear 195 70 265 4.7%
Other manufacturing 74 239 313 5.5%
Total 2,600 3,061 5,661 100%
* TE: Totally exporting
OTE: Other than totally exporting
Table 14 - Tunisia' Industrial Sector
Source: Agency for the Promotion of Industry and Innovation - June 2014
The construction sector is consuming about 65% of the energy in the industry.
Programmes for Energy Efficiency in Industry are in operation.
Energy audits resulting in measures to reduce the energy consumption.
Measures: cogeneration, energy management systems and improving the “utilities” like generation of cold,
steam and power.
Renewable energy implementation in the industry is part of other national programmes and not included in
the programme for energy efficiency in industry.
Morocco
Population: 33 Million inhabitants
Area: 444 550 km2
Climate: The climate is Mediterranean in the North and in some mountains (West of Atlas), which becomes
more extreme towards the interior regions. There are several different climates: Mediterranean (with some
more humid and fresher variants), Maritime Temperate (with some humid and fresher variants too). The
climate changes when moving east of the Atlas Mountains due to the barrier, or shelter, effect of the
mountain system, becoming very dry and extremely warm during the long summer, especially on the
lowlands and on the valleys facing the Sahara.
Moreover, Morocco developed the climate zoning in order to establish the EE policy in building sector.

Figure 5 - Climatic Zones in Morocco
For every zone a maximum threshold of heating and cooling consumption was identified.
Climate zone Max Threshold (kWh/m2
/an)
Agadir Z1 (Casablanca) 40
Tangier Z2 46
Fez Z3 48
Ifrane Z4 64
Marrakech Z5 61
Errachidia Z6 65
Table 15 - Heating and Cooling Consumption in Morocco

Building characteristics: In order to develop the EE policy in building sector in Morocco, 7 representative
categories have been selected as follows:
• Residential building: collective one (economic and semi-standing) and economic individual villa,
• Tertiary building: Hospital, hotel, School, administrative building.
Economics: The services sector accounts for just over half of GDP. Industry, made up of mining,
construction and manufacturing, is an additional quarter. The industries that recorded the highest growth
are agriculture, tourism, telecoms, information technology, and textile.
Education: Morocco has more than 14 universities, more than 24 faculties, and many institutes and
engineering schools with an important education offer in different disciplines.
Energy infrastructure: National energy consumption.
Figure 6 - National Energy Consumption in Morocco

Figure 7 - Energy Efficiency Potential in Mediterranean Region South 2010-2030
In 2008, about 56% of Morocco's electricity supply was provided by coal. However, as forecasts indicate that
energy requirements in Morocco will rise 6% per year between 2012 and 2050,[
a new law passed
encouraging Moroccans to look for ways to diversify the energy supply, including more renewable resources.
The Moroccan government has launched a project to build a solar thermal energy power plant[59]
and is also
looking into the use of natural gas as a potential source of revenue for Morocco’s government.[
Industry in Morocco
• 1855 industrial companies represent 90% of the energy consumption
• Industrial energy consumption is 2.8 Mtoe with 5.99 Million ton of CO2
• Target 12-15% energy savings in industry by 2020
• Strategy, policy and legislation in operation: Loi 47.09 in 2011

Legislation/policy: national energy strategy
Figure 8 - The Five Pillars of Morocco’s Energy Strategy
• Energy savings programme in the Industry (PEEI), 3 observations:
o Considerable potential for energy savings in industry >15%;
o Return on Investment for more than 50 of the projects less than 24 months;
o Low rate of implementation, less than 5%.
• Goals of PEEI programme:
o The structuring and strengthening institutional and regulatory frameworks for energy
efficiency in the industrial sector;
o Optimization of energy consumption by the industrial units for an estimated 2,000,000
Tonnes Oil combined economy;
o Reduction of CO2 emissions estimated at 7,594,335 tonnes CO2 equivalent;
o The development of new businesses and new economic niche.
• Four Program lines of PEEI:
o Institutional and regulatory development; through energy service companies (ESCOs) and
the establishment of a national standard for energy management;
o Support Funding: support for energy audits and energy efficiency investments;
o Capacity and accreditation: through personalized benefit consultants and business
personnel training, as well as accreditation of more than 200 auditors;
o Communication and Advocacy: through communication programs promoting networking
accredited specialists and dissemination of good practices and awareness of energy
efficiency technologies.
• The PISA is supported by the Ministry of Industry, Trade and New Technologies (MCINT), Energy
Development Fund (EDF), the African Development Bank (AfDB), and the Global Environment
Facility

National program in EE:
Residential sector Industry Transport
1. Implementation of the Code
for energy efficiency in the
building "Generalization of
low consumption lamps"
2. Use of insulation materials
3. Use of double glazing
4. Installation of solar thermal
low temperature (1,700,000
m² 2020)
5. Installation of PV kits and
solar pumps
1. Widespread industrial
audits
2.Using variable speed and
frequency
3.Optimizing Storage of cold
and hot
4.Use of energy-saving lamps
1. Newer cars
2. Organization of urban
transport (traffic, public
transport ...)
3. Enforcement of energy
efficiency on vehicles
12% reduction in energy consumption by 2020 and 15% by 2030

3.2 Conclusions and Observations, Based on Information
from Maghreb Countries
- Energy consumption in the building sector is growing: Due to strong and quick changes in lifestyle,
level of needed and wanted comfort, the growing population and the increased m2 dwelling per
person.
- First measures: insulation, solar shadings, solar energy
- The strategy towards strong energy reduction in buildings follows the trias energetica:
o First reduce energy consumption as much as possible
o Secondly apply as much as possible renewable energy
o Thirdly: use conventional energy sources as efficient as possible
Observations
#1 KIC Roadmap smart cities and buildings can be used for MAGHREB countries, with some adaptation in the
accents of the technology development based on the country specific conditions such as climate, energy
infrastructure and local priorities.
The order of energy consumption in dwellings, apartment buildings, and offices is about 30% of the total
primary energy consumption, is growing and will be comparable to the data of the EU countries
#2 For the Magreb countries the touristic sector is an important and growing economic sector. Here we see
additional opportunities: the touristic sector is of uttermost importance for economy of the MAGREB
countries. It is growing and represents about 10-15% of primary energy usage. Two separate roadmaps for
the touristic sector are added.
#3 In the Magreb countries a well-balanced policy and strategy is in place. It is still under further
development for energy efficiency in buildings and industry. Energy performance, legislation, policy,
standards and labelling is very much comparable to the main approach within Europe.
#4 There is legislation for buildings and infrastructure but it is not yet coupled. At this point of time the
energy infrastructure (dominant the electrical infrastructure) is in strong development. For the Magreb
countries the extension of the grid is important due the development stage of the country. The topic of
smart grids is not yet addressed in the Magreb countries. Also the infrastructure for gas networks is in the
development stage. District heating is not an issue in the Magreb countries and cooling networks are
suggested but not operational.
#5. In the Magreb countries the industry is well addressed in energy efficiency programmes. Since the
industry is very diverse with respect to the processes and energy consumption, a general approach can be
followed for the first energy savings in industry. The KIC InnoEnergy does not contain a roadmap for energy
efficiency in industry yet. Therefore, in this document the general possibilities for energy savings in
industry and introduction of renewable energy in industry are summarized in a table.

Conclusion for energy efficient buildings;
The KIC roadmap smart cities and buildings, V1, addresses 4 lines, which are of interest for the Maghreb
countries. Due to the differences in climate, organisation and development accents in some of the
development lines are different. The most dominant difference is that the focus in Europe is on the existing
buildings. In the Maghreb countries new buildings are an important sector due to the growing population
and increasing comfort level.
To account for the importance of the touristic sector a first draft of a roadmap for the hotel sector is
advised.
Conclusion for energy efficiency in the industry;
Since the industry is very diverse and encompasses different production process, a more general approach
for industry is chosen. This approach is very much in line with the different policies and strategies in the
Maghreb countries. In this document the roadmap for energy efficiency in industry is restricted to a general
approach with first measure suited for all industry. Changing or adapting industrial processes thoroughly for
the benefit of energy reduction is out of scope of this roadmap document.

3.3 The Roadmap: Smart Cities and Buildings
The main technical and market challenges within the theme ‘Intelligent Energy Efficient Buildings and
Cities’ are:
• Reduction of energy demand: new energy efficient and cost-effective components and systems
need to be developed and integrated into buildings and energy systems (building shell, HVAC,
lighting, energy management). Especially focusing on the existing building stock.
• To enable an effective and wide implementation of renewable energy sources, new integrated
and compact storage systems are essential for bridging the gap between demand and supply.
• Integration of electric vehicles and other urban vehicles into the urban and building energy
networks.
• Upgrade of the aging energy infrastructure and integration of the different energy carriers at
city level.
• To enable an effective and efficient integration of the single components and systems (products
and services) developed, test-beds at different scale-levels are needed: component – system –
building –network-district – city level. Especially on city level, strong end-user involvement in the
concept of living labs is crucial.
• Effective business creation in a highly fragmented and local oriented market.
• Creation of the momentum and transition process for effective roll-out of market ready products
and services.
• Effectively up to 3% of the installed based is upgraded or renewed annually.
New business models and services are urgently needed to find solutions for the mismatch in the cost
benefit model (the investments and benefits are often not allocated with the same stakeholders, for
example in the cases of rented buildings).
The KIC roadmap Intelligent Energy Efficient Buildings and Cities V1 is the starting point for a joint vision on
possible technology developments.
The roadmap of the theme “Intelligent Energy Efficient Buildings and Cities” is structured along four
program lines that interact strongly:
1. Local energy supply, conversion and storage
2. Energy Efficient Buildings
3. Local energy networks within the city
4. Intelligent Energy Efficient Cities
Based on the information from the Maghreb countries the topic of touristic sector has been added. For this
sector 2 roadmaps are added:
5. Energy producing hotel, active systems
6. Energy producing hotels, passive systems
In the following the 6 roadmaps are presented and per roadmap the important differences are given.

3.3.1 Local Energy Supply, Conversion and Storage
Figure 9 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Local Energy Supply, Conversion and Storage

Notes regarding the Maghreb countries:
The priorities for the Maghreb countries are in a different order compared to Europe.
For the subject Local energy supply, conversion and storage this implies the following:
• Thermal Storage:
o The driver for the compact storage system enabling cooling will be solar thermal energy
instead of district heating
o Energy storage in boreholes will be changed in energy storage in the soil, if possible
• Heating:
o The micro CHP and heat pumps will also address cooling
• Cooling:
o More attention for new dwellings and buildings
In the roadmap the focus is on more effective energy systems for heating, cooling, and tap water both for
new buildings and existing buildings. Effective storage of thermal energy is necessary for the wide
introduction of renewable energy.
Moreover the focus will be much more on cooling then on heating. Solar assisted cooling based on
absorption principles for new and existing buildings.

3.3.2 Energy Efficient buildings
Figure 10 - KIC Inno Energy Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Energy Efficiency Buildings

Notes regarding the Maghreb countries:
The priorities for the Maghreb countries are in a different order compared to Europe.
For the line Energy Efficient buildings this implies the following:
• Climate adaptive facades and building component:
o More focus on new buildings
o More focus on insulation materials and insulation methods than on cold bridges
o Integration of PV in new buildings to be added as sub-line
• Energy efficient lighting and management systems:
o Complies completely
• Ventilation:
o Complies completely
This second line is on improving the energy efficiency and comfort levels of the buildings through the more
passive components as shading, insulation, windows, lighting, ventilation and control systems. For new
buildings the standard will go to energy neutral in the next 10 years. Effective integration of renewable
energy in the façade and roof is there for needed.

Local energy networks in the city
Figure 11 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Urban Energy Networks

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