This document outlines the key hallmarks of scientific research, including purposiveness, rigor, testability, replicability, precision and confidence, objectivity, generalizability, and parsimony. It provides examples for each hallmark in the context of researching how to increase employee commitment levels at an organization. The research is intended to systematically establish facts and find solutions to problems through organized study.

3. The Hallmarks of
Scientific
Research
Name: M. Mubeen Afzal
Reg.no: 18-NTU-1485
Department: BS-TMM
Semester: 4th

4. Contents Table
 What is Research or Scientific Research?
 Hallmarks of scientific research.
• Purposiveness
• Rigor
• Testability
• Replicability
• Precision and Confidence
• Objectivity
• Generalizability
• Parsimony

5. Research and Scientific Research
 Research:
• Systematic and organized study to establish facts and to drive outcomes.
• Find solution of a specific problem.
 Scientific Research:
• Scientific research is the systematic investigation of scientific theories and
hypotheses.

6. Hallmarks of Scientific Research
 Purposiveness
 Rigor
 Testability
 Replicability
 Precision and Confidence
 Objectivity
 Generalizability
 Parsimony

7. Purposiveness
 Researcher should have a clear aim,
objective and purpose before the
search.
 Research finding should be
beneficial for the organization.
 Example: focus is on the increasing
the commitment level of employees.

8. Rigor
Research involves a theoretical base and carefully
thought out methodology.
Example: manager as 10 to 12 employees what would
increase their commitment level and he made
conclusion on it.
It lacks rigor for….

10. Testability
 Testability is a property that applies to the hypotheses
of a study.
 Example: first talking to random employees the
researcher develop hypothesis how commitment level
can increase.
 Also hypothesize that those who participate in
decision making have high commitment level.
 Tested by different statistical tools like Qui-Test, T-Test,
F-Test or correlation.

11. Replicability
 Test or results of the hypotheses should be
supported again and again.
 Example: participation in decision increase
commitment level of employees.
 Build faith or more confidence.
 Replication is possible through detail study.

12. Precision and Confidence
 Precision:
• Closeness to reality or degree of accuracy.
• i.e: supervisor want to kown lost in production due to
absenteeism.
 Confidence:
• Probability that occur estimation are correct.
• 95% to be true
• 5% to be wrong

14. Objectivity
 Our results should be derived
through our actual data not from our
emotions and subjective values.
 Examples:
If the hypotheses for commitment
level does not supportive to our actual
result.

15. Generalizability
 It refers to the scope of applicability of
research finding in one organization to
another organization.
 Example: commitment level of all
departments should be same.

16. Parsimony
 Introduced with a good understanding of the problem.
 Model can be realized through interviews.
 Example:
 By changing three variables commitment level will be 45%
 By changing eight variables commitment level will be 48%