1. Education, Social Structure and
Development
By Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Scholar TE DTSC
Khushab
Dated 04.11.2009

2. Objectives
• At the end of this presentation, the participants
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should be able to:
Define Education, Social Structure and
Development.
Express role of social structure in development
Describe how education shapes social structure
Identify different types of social structure
Differentiate between different types of social
structure
Explain how education, social structure and
development relate each others
Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Scholar TE DTSC
Khushab

3. Introduction
In the introduction, I will present definitions of different
important terms.
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Scholar TE DTSC
Khushab

4. Development
Development is the process of studying qualitative change in
existing phenomenon or event.
 Development implies a qualitative change in the way the society
carries out its activities, such as through more progressive
attitudes and behavior by the population, the adoption of more
effective social organizations or more advanced technology
which may have been developed elsewhere.
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Scholar TE DTSC
Khushab

5. Education & Sociology of Education
• Education is the process of transmitting existing knowledge,
skills, attitudes, values, culture etc. to the upcoming generation.
• Education is the process of revealing hidden potentials and
qualities of the individual to make him an effective member of
the society.
• The sociology of education is the study of how educational
institutions determine social structures, experiences, and other
outcomes. It is particularly concerned with the schooling systems
of modern industrial societies, including the expansion of higher,
further, adult, and continuing education.
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6. Social Structure
The pattern of relationships that results from people carrying
out the expected roles of the statuses they hold.
Status–a position in the social structure (either ascribed or
achieved)
Role–the expected behavior of a person holding a particular
status
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Scholar TE DTSC
Khushab

7. Social Structure
• Social structure is a term used in sociology and anthropology
to refer to relationships or bonds between groups of individuals
(e.g. societies).
• Sociology is the scientific or systematic study of human
societies. It is a branch of social science (with which it is
informally synonymous) that uses various methods of empirical
investigation and critical analysis to develop and refine a body of
knowledge about human social structure and activity, often
with the goal of applying such knowledge to the pursuit of social
welfare.
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Scholar TE DTSC
Khushab

8. Social Development
• Social development is a process which results in the
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transformation of social structures in a manner which improves
the capacity of the society to fulfill its aspirations. Society
develops by consciousness and social consciousness develops by
organization.
• Social change can evolve from a number of different sources,
including contact with other societies (diffusion), changes in the
ecosystem (which can cause the loss of natural resources or
widespread disease), technological change (epitomized by the
Industrial Revolution, which created a new social group, the
urban proletariat), and population growth and other
demographic variables. Social change is also spurred by
ideological,Awan PhD ScholarandDTSC
economic, TE political movements.
Sajjad Ahmad
Khushab

9. Overview of Social Structure
society is grouped into structurally related groups or sets of
roles, with different functions, meanings or purposes.
One example of social structure is the idea of "social
stratification", which refers to the idea that society is
separated into different strata (levels), guided (if only
partially) by the underlying structures in the social system.
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10. Overview Continued
Social structure may be seen to influence important social
systems including the economic system, legal system,
political system, cultural system, and others. Family,
religion, law, economy and class are all social structures. The
"social system" is the parent system of those various systems
that are embedded in it.
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Khushab

11. Origins and evolution
• Some believe that social structure is naturally developed. It may be
caused by larger system needs, such as the need for labour,
management, professional and military classes, or by conflicts
between groups, such as competition among political parties or among
elites and masses.
• Others believe that this structuring is not a result of natural processes,
but is socially constructed. It may be created by the power of elites
who seek to retain their power, or by economic systems that place
emphasis upon competition or cooperation.
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Scholar TE DTSC
Khushab

12. Continued
• The most thorough account of the evolution of social structure is
perhaps provided by structure and agency accounts that allow for a
sophisticated analysis of the co-evolution of social structure and
human agency, where socialised agents with a degree of autonomy
take action in social systems where their action is on the one hand
mediated by existing institutional structure and expectations but may,
on the other hand, influence or transform that institutional structure.
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Khushab

13. TYPES OF SOCIAL STRUCTURES
Some types of social structures that modern sociologist
differentiate are relation structures (in family or larger familylike clan structures), communication structures (how
information is passed in organizations) and sociometric
structures (structures of sympathy, antipathy and indifference
in organisations - this was studied by Jacob L. Moreno).
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Scholar TE DTSC
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14. INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE VS
RELATIONAL STRUCTURE
• ...social structure is seen as comprising those cultural or normative
patterns that define the expectations of agents hold about each other's
behaviour and that organize their enduring relations with each other.
• whereas in the latter:
• “...social structure is seen as comprising the relationships themselves,
understood as patterns of causal interconnection and interdependence
among agents and their actions, as well as the positions that they
occupy.”
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Scholar TE DTSC
Khushab

15. MICROSTRUCTURE VS
MACROSTRUCTURE
• Microstructure is the pattern of relations between most basic
elements of social life, that cannot be further divided and have no
social structure of their own (for example, pattern of relations
between individuals in a group composed of individuals - where
individuals have no social structure, or a structure of organizations as
a pattern of relations between social positions or social roles, where
those positions and roles have no structure by themselves).
• Macrostructure is thus a kind of 'second level' structure, a pattern of
relations between objects that have their own structure (for example,
a political social structure between political parties, as political
parties have their own social structure).
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Scholar TE DTSC
Khushab

16. Types of Structure Continued
• normative structure — pattern of relations in given structure (organisation)
between norms and modes of operations of people of varying social positions
• ideal structure — pattern of relations between beliefs and views of people of
varying social potions
• interest structure — pattern of relations between goals and desires of people
of varying social positions
• interaction structure — forms of communications of people of varying social
positions
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Khushab

17. Five Indicators of
Development
Valantin. R. (1996) describes the following indicators of economic
and social development.
Literacy, education, and skills
Health
Income and economic welfare
Choice, democracy, and participation
Technology
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Scholar TE DTSC
Khushab

18. Indicators of development in
society through Social Structure
Simmel (1971) identified a number of indicators of
development in society.
Tools
Means of Transport
Products of Sciences
Technology
Arts
Language
Intellectual sphere
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Scholar TE DTSC
Khushab
•Conventional wisdom
•Religious dogma
•Philosophical Systems
•Legal systems
•Moral codes
•Ideals

19. Conclusion
Education can shape the social structures existing in our
institutions, organizations and firms and can ultimately bring
immersive development in every sphere of life.
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Khushab

20. Thanks
Questions Please
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Sajjad Ahmad Awan PhD Scholar TE DTSC
Khushab