introduction, types of bricks, uses, properties , difference between stone and bricks , etc

1. BY--
MANISHA AGARWAL
REPORT ON A BUILDING
MATERIAL [ BRICKS]

2. INRODUCTION A brick is a block of a single unit
of a ceramic material, used in
masonry construction. In
general sense brick is a
standard sized weight bearing
building structure. The raw
ingredients of bricks are sand ,
clay and water.
 Basically it is one of the clay
product. It is used as substitute
for stone , where stone is not
available.
 The manufacturing of bricks
involves four distinct
operations. They are earth
preparation for bricks, molding ,
drying and burning.
 Normal size of bricks– 9”*
4.5”*3” and 10”*5”*3”
 Brick are extensively used for
construction of building

3. COLOR AND TEXTURE OF
BRICKS
 The color of brick is
determined by raw
materials it contain
and method to use
to fire it.
 By adding different
types of techniques
you can add more
texture and decorate
to wall.

4. TYPES OF BRICKS
 Mostly two types of
bricks are used for
construction.
1. Pressed clay bricks
2. Wire cut bricks
 Bricks may be broadly
classified as -----
1. Building bricks
2. Paving bricks
3. Fire bricks
4. Special bricks

5. PRESSED CLAY BRICKS
 These are clay
bricks that recesses
on either of its
surfaces. These
recesses are called
frogs. Generally
Pressed clay bricks
have a deep frog in
one bedding surface
and shallow one in
the other.

6. WIRE CUT BRICKS
 These are clay
bricks that have
three or four holes
in them. They can be
laid either way and
requires less mortar
for the bedding.
MORTAR is made
from mixing lime,
sand , cement and
water.

7. BROAD CLASSIFICATION OF
BRICKS
 First class bricks
 Second class bricks
 Third class bricks
 Over burnt or jhama
bricks
 Under burnt or pilla
bricks

8. FIRST CLASS BRICK
 It should be 19*9*9cm
 It is free from pebbles lime
lumps, organic matter and
sodium salt.
 It is well burnt and should be
uniform yellow or red.
 It has regular surface and sides
parallel, sharp edges and right
angle to each other.
 Its surface so hard that
fingernails can not be able to
make any impression on its
surface.
 It should not break when is
dropped from a height of 1m.
 Absorb water more than 20% of
its own dry weight after 24 hours
of immersion in cold water.
 First class bricks are used in all
works of permanent nature.

9. SECOND CLASS BRICK
 It is slightly over burnt
than first class brick.
 It absorbs water
more than 22% of its
own dry weight after
24 hours of immersion
in cold water.
 Generally its shape,
size, texture and color
is not regular and
uniform.
 Presence of lime
stone, kankar should
not be allowed to
occur but pebbles
may be allowed.

10. THIRD CLASS BRICK
 These are under burnt, soft
and light colored and not
uniform texture.
 They emit a dull sound
when stuck against each
other.
 Absorb water more than
25% of its own dry weight
after 24 hours immersed in
cold water.
 It may suffer from
intensive efflorescence.
 It may show lot of pebbles
on its surface.
 These bricks are not used
for important and
permanent works.

11. OVER BURNT OR JHAMA
BRICKS
 These are over burnt
vitrified bricks.
 They are only used
for making
aggregate for lime
concrete ,
foundations and as
a road metal in the
road construction.

12. UNDER BURNT OR PILLA
BRICKS
 These are just half
burnt , yellow color
and do not have any
strength.
 They can be ground
to powder from and
used as surkhi.

13. USES
 Building bricks are used for the construction of wall.
 Paving bricks are vitrified bricks and used as pave.
 Fire bricks are specially made to withstand furnace temperature.
Ex. Silica bricks
 Special bricks are commonly used as building bricks with respect
to their shape and purpose for which they are made . Some of
these bricks are –
 specially shaped bricks
 Facing shaped bricks
 Perforated bricks
 Sewer bricks
 Acid resistant bricks
 The different types of bricks offer a versatile way of working with
bricks in constructing different structures from relating walls to
house, large buildings such as churches. Different types of bricks
provide a great way for home owners and builders to create
beautiful and lasting structure.

14. PROPERTIES
 Bricks should be soaked in water for about one
hour before use.
 A brick should give a metallic ring when struck
with a small hammer or another brick.
 The surface should not so smooth otherwise
mortar will not stuck to it.
 A good brick should not break when struck
against another brick or fell down from a height of
about 4 or 5 feet.
 Brick’s surface should be too hard to scratched
by fingernail.


15. TESTS OF BRICKS BEFORE
USE
 Absorption test
 Hardness test
 Soundness test
 Crushing strength test
 Shape and size test
 Test for presence of soluble salts

16. SPECIALS SHAPES OF
BRICKS
 Cow nose brick
 Bull nose brick
 Copping bricks
 Radial bricks
 Queen closer brick
 King closer brick
 Splayed brick
 Paving brick
 Hollow brick
 Perforated brick
 Purpose made brick

17. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STONE
AND BRICKS
 Stone is much more strong , durable and weather resisting than
bricks, so brick construction may not last long.
 Brick is a very good fire resistant material in comparison with
stone.
 Bricks absorb more water than stones therefore brick will be
easily affected by harmful salts in water.
 Brick masonry is easy to raise whereas stone masonry needs
skilled masons.
 Bricks work can be done anywhere, manufactured anywhere by
establishing brick kilns but stone masonry remains restricted at
and around the area where stone is easily and locally available.
 Bricks do not require any dressing etc,. But stone masonry need
lot of dressing
 Brick work does not create the feeling of massiveness in
comparison to stone work, specially in monumental structures.
 Bricks walls can be as thin as 10cm but thickness of stone
masonry is generally not less than 38cm.

18. ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTADES
 Versatile thermal mass
 Strong and durable
 Low maintenance
 Thermal performance
 Acoustic performance
 Design flexibility
 Fire resistance
 Bricks have so many advantages but
production of bricks is energy intensive and
uses non renewable resources.

19. Manisha agarwal
Thank you