LANGUAGE TEACHING

3. “WRITING IS AN ART”

4. Rhetoric:
“ The skill of using language in speech
or writing in a special way that influences
or persuades people” (oxford dictionary)

5. JANICE LAUER
• PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH AT PARDUE
UNIVERSITY
• SHE STATES THAT STUDENTS SHOULD
START ORGANAZING THEIR THOUGHTS
BY QUESTIONS
OUTLING

6. TEACHER has to encourage their
students by asking
Author
Audience Purpose
Rhetorical Triangle

7. • How can you apply rhetorical principles to
your own writing? Think about…
– Yourself as the author
– Your audience
– The purpose of your message and how you will
achieve it

8. PREPREWRITING
•Specify the subject of the essays that students
are going to write
•Clarify Ss doubts
•Discuss the purpose of the assignment.
• Help them with easy steps to complete the
assignment before the deadline.
•Give them information about how they will be
graded. What criteria will their written work be
evaluated ?.

9. START TO PLAN
• In which topic are you interested ?
• What support have you found for your thesis?
• What evidence have you found for this support [e,g., facts,
statistics, statements from authorities, personal experience,
anecdotes, scenarios, and examples)?
• How much background information do your readers need to
understand your topic and thesis?
•If readers were to disagree with your thesis or the validity of
your support, what would they say? How would you address
their concerns [what would you say to them)?

10. What is the purpose of your text?WRITING
•Start with their brainstorming notes, Informal outlines,
freewriting, and write a rough draft of their essay.
•Give time to start the draft, (approx. 4-7 min.). Then
designate a volunteer to briefly explain what the essay
will be about and to read what they have drafted so far
to the class in order to enlist their help.
•Have students read their draft to a partner to mirror the
process that was modeled above.

11. Organizing the Essay
•Introduction
•Body Paragraphs For a Variety of Purpose
•Conclusion
Revising and Editing
Revising the Draft
Working with the organization and development of the draft to
makes sure the essay is as effective as possible via systematic
feedback.

12. Peer Group Paired Work Individual Work
REVISING RHETORICALLY
A rhetorical approach recognizes that revision is a strategic,
selective process; what writers choose to revise depends on
the ultimate purpose of their writing
Rhetorical Analysis of a Draft
"Re-seeins" the Rhetorical Situation and
Assessment Criteria.
DIVIDED INTO TWO TSKS::

13. Working with grammar, punctuation, and mechanics of their
drafts to makes sure the essays conform to the guidelines of
standard written English.
•Provide specific feedback from you or a tutor rather than
peer evaluation.
•.This work can be preceded by mini-lessons on common
grammar, usage, punctuation, and mechanics
EDITING THE DRAFT
REFLECTING ON THE WRITING

14. ACTIVITY…..

15. Resources
• Hoover. R,(1970) College Writing Texts: The
Rhetorical Approach. Vol. 21, No. 1
• Bawarshi.S.Reiff.J,(2010)Reference Guides to
Rhetoric and Composition. Parlor Press,
chapter 11
• Brian O’C.(2006)Developing Your Persuasive
Edge. Leggett, UNSA

16. Marcu, D. (2000). The rhetorical parsing of unrestricted.
Texts: A surface-based approach. Information Science
Institute, USC. Available in:
http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/J/J00/J00-300.pdf
James, A. (1987) .Rhetoric and Reality: Writing
Instruction in American Colleges, 1900-1985. Studies in
Writing & Rhetoric. Southern Illinois University press,
P.O. Available in:
http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED284257
ACTIVITY:
http://www.cal.nau.edu/writing_center/despository/rhetoric
al_approach_and_interdisciplinary_writing.asp