11. NATURAL LIGHT OF REASON
Philosopher uses
his natural
capacity to think
or simply human
reason or unaided
reason.
12. STUDY OF ALL THINGS
Sets the
distinction
between
philosophy and
other sciences
13. STUDY OF ALL THINGS
Philosophers
does not limit
himself to a
particular object
of investigation
14. STUDY OF ALL THINGS
Rather he
question almost
anything
15. FIRST CAUSES OR
HIGHEST PRINCIPLE
A principle is that
from which
something
proceeds in any
manner
whatsoever
16. FIRST PRINCIPLES
PRINCIPLE OF IDENTITY
-whatever is
is;whatever is not is
not. Eveything is its
own being and not
being is not being.
17. FIRST PRINCIPLES
PRINCIPLE OF NON-
CONTRADICTION
-it is impossible for a
thing to be and not to
be at the same time at
the same respect.
18. FIRST PRINCIPLES
PRINCIPLE OF EXCLUDED MIDDLE
-a thing is either is or is
not; everything must either
be or not be; between
being and not being, there
is no middle ground
possible.
19. FIRST PRINCIPLES
PRINCIPLE OF SUFFICIENT
REASON
-nothing exists without
a sufficient reason for
its being and
existence.