1. RESEARCH METHODS| RESEARCH PROPOSAL
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
”Given the implication of human error in a various incidents related
we aim to provide an in depth literature review if three categories of
port solutions . These includes assisted-automatic systems,
autonomous and unmanned surface vehicles ”
MARIOS GAITANOS

2. PRESENTATION TOPICS
RESEARCH METHODS| RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Marine Collisions: What is hiding behind this phenomenon?
How can we use technology in order to decrease them?
Unmanned Vessels – The future of marine Industry?
PART 1

3. INTRODUCTION
RESEARCH METHODS| RESEARCH PROPOSAL
COLLISIONS
ACCIDENTS : A USUAL PHENOMENON
COLLISION THE MOST COMMON ONE
IMO REGULATIONS COLGREG
TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION & NEW RELIABILITY SYSTEMS LAUNCH
STILL A PROBLEM! WHY?
THE MARITIME SYSTEM IS A PEOPLE SYSTEM .
HUMAN ERROR CONTRIBUTES TO THE VAST MAJORITY (75-96%) OF MARINE COLLISIONS
PART 1

4. INTRODUCTION
RESEARCH METHODS| RESEARCH PROPOSAL
COLLISIONS & TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION
• Assisted systems : identifying and locating vessels by electronically exchanging
data with other nearby ships.
• Autonomous: vessel primarily guided by autonomous on-board decision systems
• Fully autonomous(unmanned surface vehicles): next
generation modular control systems and communications technology which allow wireless
monitoring and control operations on the ship and on the coast
PART 1

5. PROBLEMS TO BE ADRESSED
RESEARCH METHODS| RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Collisions are a major concern :
Potential human, environmental, and economical consequences
75-96% of marine collisions are caused by some form of human error
• 84-88% of tanker accidents
• 79% of towing vessel groundings
• 89-96% of collisions
• 75% of allusions
• 75% of fires and explosions.
PART 1

6. BENEFITS TO INDUSTRY & SOCIETY
RESEARCH METHODS| RESEARCH PROPOSAL
•Decrease of loss of human life.
•The environmental impact of oil spills, especially where large tanker ships are
involved.
•Reduction of Financial consequences to local communities closes to the
accident and of course the reduce of consequences to ship-owners, due to ship
loss or penalties.
Important Benefits:
PART 1

7. AIMS & OBJECTIVES
RESEARCH METHODS| RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Investigate the way that technology can decrease them and long-term it is aspire to diminish
the accidents due to human error.
AIM
OBJECTIVES
 review the literature concerning marine collisions due to human error
 data sets will be extracted in order to examine the existing fixed procedural operation and
collisions avoidance systems
 to determine the ways that technology can lead to the decrease of marine collisions
 to identify the maturity of technology which can lead to unmanned and automatically vessels
PART 1

8. POTENTIAL RISKS
RESEARCH METHODS| RESEARCH PROPOSAL
 Lack the authority to collect data for the collision.
 Schedule is optimistic, "best case," rather than realistic, "expected case"
 Rapidly technology evolution leads to continuously updated facts and data
 Use specific methods for the fulfilling of research, since the research was for
general port not specific.
 As for unmanned vessels it is doubtful if the unmanned merchant ships will be a
reality in the short term.
PART 1

9. LITERATURE REVIEW
Contribution to Knowledge, Limitations & Gaps
RESEARCH METHODS| RESEARCH PROPOSAL
PART 2
MAIN THEMES
 Collision Risks are Problem
“Probability Modeling of Vessels Collisions” (Montewka et al., 2010)
 Collision Risks Related Human Errors
“Classification of Human Errors in Grounding and Collision Accidents Using the TRACEr Taxonomy “(Graziano et al.,
2016)
“Human and Organizational Factors in Maritime Accidents: Analysis of Collisions at Sea Using the HFACS “(Chauvin
et al., 2013)”
•Port Navigation and Collision Risks
‘’Modeling Vessel Traffic Service to Understand Resilience in Everyday Operations ‘’ (Praetorius et al., 2015)
‘’Operative and Procedural Co-operative Training in Marine Ports’’ (Longo et al., 2014)
‘’Modeling Port Water Collision Risk Using Traffic Conflicts’’ (Debnath et al., 2011)

10. LITERATURE REVIEW
Contribution to Knowledge, Limitations & Gaps
RESEARCH METHODS| RESEARCH PROPOSAL
PART 2
MAIN THEMES
 Collision Risk External Factors
’The Impact of Vessel Speed Reduction on Port Accidents’’ (Chang and Park, 2016)
 General solution : assistive systems
‘’A Risk-Informed Collision Alert System: Framework and Application’’ (Goerlandt et al., 2015)
‘’Decision Support Systems for Collision Avoidance of Vessels’’ (Simsir et al., 2014)
 State of Art Solutions: Unmanned and Autonomous Surface Vehicles
“Real-Time Collision Avoidance Learning System for Unmanned Surface Vessels’’ (Zhao et al.,
2015)”

11. LITERATURE REVIEW
Contribution to Knowledge, Limitations & Gaps
RESEARCH METHODS| RESEARCH PROPOSAL
PART 2
KNOWLEDGE GAP
 Given Plausible Increased Risk Due to Over Reliance on Assistive Technologies And Significant
Contribution of Human Error
 Unmanned and Autonomous Technologies Provide Novel and Radical Solution to Risk Collision
Problems
 The Gap in Existing Research is due to:
Little or None Research Related to Unmanned and Autonomous Technologies Aspects such as:
Maturity of Suggested Technology &
Financial Cost-Benefit Perspectives

12. METHODS
RESEARCH METHODS| RESEARCH PROPOSAL
PART 3
RESEARCH PURPOSE :EXPLANATORY
better understanding of the problem. understand the reason behind human error which leads to
collisions. And investigate how technology with unmanned vessels can lead to their decrease.
TECHNIQUES
Literature review, simulation case study & interview with opinion leaders
RESEARCH APPROACH:QUALITATIVE CASE STUDY FACILITATES
exploration of a phenomenon within its context using a variety of data sources.it provides the right information in
order study things in their natural settings attempting to make sense of or interpret phenomena.
RESEARCH STATEGY: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
it provides the right information in order study things in their natural settings attempting to make
sense of or interpret phenomena.

13. RESEARCH METHODS| RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Thank you!