2. THE HEART
A VITAL ORGAN THAT FUNCTIONS AS A PUMP,
PROVIDING A CONTINUOUS FLOW OF BLOOD
THROUGH THE BODY, BY WAY OF CARDIAC
CYCLES.
IT IS ENCLOSED IN THE PERICARDIUM
WHICH IS THE PROTECTIVE SAC OF THE
HEART THAT CONTAINS A LUBRICATING
LIQUID CALLED PERICARDIAL LIQUID.
IT IS CONTAINED IN THE MEDIASTINUM IN
THE THORACIC CAVITY OF THE THORAX.
IT HAS 3 OUTER WALL LAYERS: EPICARDIUM,
MYOCARDIUM, AND ENDOCARDIUM.
3.
4. THE HEART
EPICARDIUM – VISCERAL LAYER OF THE
PERICARDIUM.
THIN LAYER OF SEROUS MEMBRANE THAT HELPS TO
LUBRICATE AND PROTECT THE OUTSIDE OF THE
HEART.
MYOCARDIUM – THE MUSCULAR LAYER OF THE
HEART WALL
CONTAINS THE CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE. MAKES UP
THE MAJORITY OF THE THICKNESS AND MASS OF
THE HEART WALL AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
PUMPING BLOOD.
ENDOCARDIUM – THE SIMPLE SQUAMOUS
ENDOTHELIUM LAYER
IT IS VERY SMOOTH AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
KEEPING BLOOD FROM STICKING TO THE INSIDE OF
THE HEART AND FORMING POTENTIALLY DEADLY
5.
6. THE HEART
IT ALSO HAD 4 CHAMBERS: LEFT&RIGHT
ATRIUMS (UPPER) AND LEFT&RIGHT
VENTRICLES (LOWER).
THE RIGHT VENTRICLE PUMPS THE SAME
AMOUNT OF BLOOD INTO THE LUNGS
THAT THE LEFT VENTRICLE PUMPS OUT
INTO THE BODY.
CARDIOLOGISTS STUDY THE HUMAN
HEART AND ITS DISORDERS.
7.
8. THE HEART
THE SEPTUM SEPARATES THE RIGHT
SIDE OF THE HEART FROM THE LEFT SIDE
OF THE HEART.
VENTRICULAR AND ATRIAL SEPTUMS
THE HEART ALSO HAS ITS OWN BLOOD
SUPPLY THAT SURROUNDS IT, CORONARY
CIRCULATION.
THE HEART ACTUALLY ACTS AS A DOUBLE
PUMP WHERE THE RIGHT SIDE COLLECTS
DE-OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE
BODY, AND THE LEFT SIDE COLLECTS
OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE LUNGS.
9.
10. CARDIAC CYCLE
INCLUDES ALL OF THE EVENTS THAT
TAKE PLACE DURING A SINGLE
HEARTBEAT.
THERE ARE 3 PHASES OF THE CARDIAC
CYCLE: ATRIAL SYSTOLE, VENTRICULAR
SYSTOLE, AND RELAXATION.
ATRIAL SYSTOLE :THE ATRIA CONTRACT AND
PUSH BLOOD INTO VENTRICLES. THE
VENTRICLES REMAIN IN DIASTOLE THIS
PHASE.
11. CARDIAC CYCLE
VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE: THE VENTRICLES
CONTRACT TO PUSH BLOOD INTO THE
AORTA AND PULMONARY TRUNK. THE ATRIA
REPOLARIZE AND ENTER THE STATE OF
DIASTOLE DURING THIS PHASE.
RELAXATION PHASE: ALL 4 CHAMBERS OF
THE HEART ARE IN DIASTOLE AS BLOOD
POURS INTO THE HEART FROM THE VEINS.
12.
13. CARDIAC OUTPUT
THE VOLUME OF BLOOD BEING PUMPED
BY THE HEART IN ONE MINUTE.
CO = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
CO = CARDIAC OUTPUT
STROKE VOLUME : AMOUNT OF BLOOD
PUMPED INTO THE AORTA DURING
VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE (mm).
HEART RATE : HEARTBEATS PER MINUTE
AVERAGE : 5 to 5.5 LITERS PER MINUTE AT
REST.
14. DEVELOPMENT OF THE
HEART
ITS DEVELOPMENT HAD 5 STAGES:
HEART TUBE
HEART CHAMBERS
TWO SEPTA
AORTICOPULMONARY SEPTUM
HEART VALVES
THE HEART BEGINS BEATING AT AROUND
21 DAYS AFTER CONCEPTION. (75-80 BPM)
15.
16. THE FLOW OF BLOOD
BLOOD FLOWS THROUGH THE HEART IN
ONE DIRECTION, FROM THE ATRIA TO THE
VENTRICLES, AND OUT THROUGH THE
PULMONARY ARTERY, AND THE AORTA.
THE TRICUSPID, BICUSPID, AND THE
PULMONARY VALVES PREVENT THE
BLOOD TO FLOW BACKWARDS.
19. 2D AND 3D – ECHO
TWO-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIGRAM
THREE-DIMENSIONAL
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
TESTS IN WHICH ULTRASOUND IS USED TO
PICTURE OUT THE HEART.
20.
21. CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES
CORONARY HEART DISEASE a.k.a. ISCHEMIC
HEART DISEASE (ATHEROSCLEROSIS)
BUILD-UP OF PLAQUE ALONG THE INNER WALLS
OF THE HEART
CARDIOMYOPATHY a.k.a. HEART MUSCLE
DISEASE
CARDIAC DYSRYTHMIA a.k.a. ARRYTHMIA
IRREGULAR HEARTBEATS
HEART FAILURE
COR PULMONALE a.k.a. PULMONARY HEART
DISEASE
ENLARGEMENT & FAILURE OF RIGHT VENTRICLE
22. CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES
INFLAMMATIONS
CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE
DISEASE OF THE BLOOD VESSELS THAT
SUPPLY BLOOD TO THE BRAIN
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE
DISEASE OF THE BLOOD VESSELS THAT
SUPPLY BLOOD TO THE ARMS AND LEGS
RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE
23.
24. RISK FACTORS
AGE
GENDER
MALES ARE AT GREATER RISK THAN
FEMALES
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
HYPERLIPIDEMIA
ABNORMALLY ELEVATED LIPIDS IN THE
BLOOD
DIABETES MELLITUS
TOBACCO SMOKING
PROCESSED MEAT CONSUMPTION
25. RISK FACTORS
EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
SUGAR CONSUMPTION
FAMILY HISTORY
OBESITY
LACK OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS
INVOLVES BOTH PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
SOCIAL ASPECTS
AIR POLLUTION
27. PROVERBS 4:23 KJV
KEEP THY HEART WITH ALL
DILIGENCE; FOR OUT OF IT ARE
THE ISSUES OF LIFE.
PROVERBS 4:23 NAB
WITH CLOSEST CUSTODY, GUARD
YOUR HEART, FOR IN IT ARE THE
SOURCES OF LIFE.