Poitical Science

1. GLOBALIZATION
By: Maryam Shabbir
BUKC

2. INTRODUCTION
• Globalization is the word used to describe the growing interdependence of
the world’s economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-
border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of investment,
people, and information.
• It means rapid increase in the share of economic activities taking place
across national borders. It is the integration of the world economy and
exchanging the ideas and products.

3. INTRODUCTION
• The wide-ranging effects of globalization are complex and politically
charged.
• As with major technological advances, globalization benefits society as a
whole, while harming certain groups.
• After centuries of technological progress and advances in international
cooperation, the world is more connected than ever.
• Improve economic competitiveness, and support economic growth.

4. INTEGRATION OF ECONOMIES
• The increasing reliance of economies on each other.
• The opportunities to be able to buy or sell in any country of the world.
• The opportunities for labor and capital to locate anywhere in the world.
• Helping governments develop growth solutions. Governments should look
to expand their level of international connectedness in order to target
economic growth development opportunities.

5. ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
• Economic aspect: Globalization has encouraged more trades and increased
the flow of capital among nations. As a result, the world consumers can
purchase goods and services at a lower price. Moreover, economic
opportunity has been expanded, from domestic to regional and global
consumers, as technology such as internet or cheaper transportation make
possible for people to seek out new business connections (e.g. franchise).
With more players selling the same goods to target customers, competition is
increased; consumers will get the benefit of cheaper price.

6. ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
• Socio-cultural aspect: Nowadays, the communication, information exchange, and
mass media have been raised. This helps reduce the communication barrier so that
people from different culture, life style, and society have more understanding of
each other. This could help people to improve their quality of life. Some problems
such as poverty, health care, gender equality, child labor, and global warming are
difficult or impossible to solve by individual nation. Globalization has made such
issues global awareness and concerns. It encourages harmony and willing from
every country to help combat the problems (e.g. the global warming meeting held in
Denmark). There are many international organizations that help promote
collaborations and tackle socio-cultural issues such as UNICEF, UNEP, UNESCO,
and WHO.

7. ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
• Political aspect: Globalization promotes the circumstance of state
interaction. There are a lot of collaboration institution among countries to
strengthen the political collaboration. Many conflicts were encouraged to be
solved through peaceful approach, such as negotiation. After the end of cold
war, globalization inspires nations to develop friendly relationship, to help
nations work together to improve quality of life, and achieve world harmony.

8. DIMENSIONS OF GLOBALIZATION
• There are four distinct dimensions of globalization:
• Economic
• Military
• Environmental
• Social

9. DIMENSIONS OF GLOBALIZATION
• Economic globalism involves long-distance flows of goods, services and
capital and the information and perceptions that accompany market
exchange.
• Environmental globalism refers to the long-distance transport of materials in
the atmosphere or oceans or of biological substances such as pathogens or
genetic materials that affect human health and well-being.
• Military globalism refers to long-distance networks in which force, and the
threat or promise of force, are deployed.

10. DIMENSIONS OF GLOBALIZATION
• The fourth dimension is social and cultural globalism. It involves movements
of ideas, information, images and of people, who carry ideas and
information with them. In the past, social globalism has often followed
military and economic globalism. However, in the current era, social and
cultural globalization is driven by the Internet, which reduces costs and
globalizes communications, making the flow of ideas increasingly
independent of other forms of globalization.

11. REASONS OF GLOBALIZATION

12. REASONS OF GLOBALIZATION
• Improved transport, making global travel easier. For example, there has
been a rapid growth in air travel, enabling greater movement of people and
goods across the globe.
• Improved technology which makes it easier to communicate and share
information around the world. E.g. internet.
• Growth of multinational companies with a global presence in many
different economies.

13. REASONS OF GLOBALIZATION
• Reduced tariff barriers which encourage global trade. Often this has occurred
through the support of the WTO.
• Improved mobility of capital: In the past few decades, there has been a general
reduction in capital barriers, making it easier for capital to flow between different
economies. This has increased the ability for firms to receive finance. It has also
increased the global interconnectedness of global financial markets.
• Increased mobility of labor: People are more willing to move between different
countries in search for work. Global trade remittances now play a large role in
transfers from developed countries to developing countries.

14. IMPACTS OF GLOBALIZATION
• More efficient markets.
• Increased competition.
• More wealth equality throughout the world.
• Sharing of ideas, experiences and lifestyles of people and cultures.
• Increases awareness of events in faraway parts of the world.
• Some adverse consequences of globalization include terrorism, job
insecurity, currency fluctuation, and price instability.

15. CONCLUSION
• Globalization had increased the trade of products, ideas, technologies etc.
• It created the world without boundaries but it also had some negative impact
on developing countries.
• Though the development is progressing rapidly, still many basic problems
like rural poverty, corruption, and political instability remained unsolved.
• Flowing with the globalization, India is getting a global recognition and
slowly moving towards to beome