grade 4 lessons

2. Ecosystem
• is a complex unit of the
environment wherein these
biotic and abiotic
interactions and organism
to organism relationships
happen.
• The study of different
interactions as living things
relate too.

3. Ecosystem
An ecosystem is the largest
level of organization. It
portrays the most complex
interactions of all plants,
animals, and microorganisms
with the physical (abiotic)
environment. Abiotic factors
such as climate, amount of
sunlight (temperature and
energy), water, air and
nutrients affect greatly the way
of living of organisms.

4. • biotic factor is
a living
organism that
shapes its
environment.

5. •Abiotic factors refer to all the non-living components
present in an ecosystem. It typically comprises
physical and chemical components.

7. 6 components of ecosystem
1. The sun (source of sunlight),
2. producers (plants),
3. abiotic substances (water, soil, air, etc.),
4. primary consumers,
5. secondary consumers,
6. decomposers.
These components naturally connect to one another to sustain life in the
ecosystem.

8. 1. The sun
Sunlight plays an important role
in the ecosystem. It is the
primary source of energy, which
is utilized by plants to produce
food and is required for
productivity and energy flow in
the ecosystem. The visible
spectrum of sunlight is used by
plants for photosynthesis.

9. 2. Producers (plants)
• Producers are any
kind of green plant.
Green plants make
their food by taking
sunlight and using
the energy to make
sugar.

10. 3. Abiotic
substance
• Abiotic substance refer
to all the non-living
components present in
an ecosystem. It typically
comprises physical and
chemical components.

11. 4. Primary consumers
• They are also called
herbivores. They eat
primary producers—
plants or algae—and
nothing else. For
example, a
grasshopper living in
the Everglades is a
primary consumer.

12. 5. Secondary consumers
• Secondary consumers are
mostly carnivores, from the
Latin words meaning “meat
eater.” In the Everglades,
egrets and alligators are
carnivores. They eat only
other animals. Most
carnivores, called predators,
hunt and kill other animals,
but not all carnivores are
predators.

13. 6. decomposers
• Decomposers play a critical role in the flow of
energy through an ecosystem. They break apart
dead organisms into simpler inorganic materials,
making nutrients available to primary producers.

14. • The ecosystem found on high elevations at low latitudes is usually
termed as a mountain ecosystem.

15. • Forest ecosystems are areas of the landscape that are dominated by trees
and consist of biologically integrated communities of plants, animals and
microbes, together with the local soils (substrates) and atmospheres
(climates) with which they interact.

16. • Desert ecosystem is the driest ecosystem of the earth and this is the
reason it has less vegetation and less diversity of life

17. • Tundra ecosystems are treeless regions found in the Arctic and on the
tops of mountains, where the climate is cold and windy, and rainfall is
scant. Tundra lands are covered with snow for much of the year, but
summer brings bursts of wildflowers.