TOPIC: INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR
RECONSTRUCTION AND
DEVELOPMENT (IBRD).
SUBJECT: INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT.
NAME:
MOHTASIN ALAM (2010085112).
MASUD RANA (2010085115).
TASNM JAHAN TANDRA (2010085109).
• The World Bank Is An
International Financial
Institution That Was Established
In 1944. It Was Created Along
With The International
Monetary Fund (IMF) At The
Bretton Woods Conference,
Which Took Place In Bretton
Woods, New Hampshire, United
States.
HISTORY OF
WORLD BANK
HISTORY OF WORLD BANK
• The World Bank Is Made Up Of Two Main
Organizations: The International Association (IDA). The
IBRD Provides Loans And Other Financial Assistance To
Middle-income And Creditworthy Low-income Countries,
While The IDA Provides Interest-free Loans And Grants
To The World's Poorest Countries.
Supporting international development
goals :
Such as the Millennium Development Goals the
Sustainable Development Goals.
Providing financial assistance :
The World Bank provides loans, grants, and credits to help
countries finance their development projects.
Conducting research analysis :
a wide range of development issues, including poverty
reduction, education, health, climate change, and
economic growth.
Providing technical assistance :
to countries in areas such as public sector management,
infrastructure development, and social services.
Providing policy advice :
to countries on issues such as economic growth, poverty
reduction, and public sector management.
Functions of the World Bank
THE IBRD HAS SEVERAL OBJECTIVES, INCLUDING:
PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: THE IBRD PROVIDES
FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TO HELP
THEM PROMOTE ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
REDUCING POVERTY: THE IBRD WORKS TO REDUCE POVERTY IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES BY PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH AND PROVIDING
SUPPORT FOR SOCIAL PROGRAMS THAT HELP LIFT PEOPLE OUT OF POVERTY.
PROMOTING PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT: THE IBRD SUPPORTS THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES BY
PROVIDING FINANCING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO SMALL AND
MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES, AS WELL AS LARGER CORPORATIONS.
PROMOTING ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: THE IBRD WORKS TO
PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES BY
SUPPORTING PROJECTS THAT PROMOTE CLEAN ENERGY, SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURE, AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION.
PROMOTING INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION: THE IBRD PROMOTES
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION BY WORKING WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS AND GOVERNMENTS TO ADDRESS GLOBAL CHALLENGES SUCH AS
CLIMATE CHANGE, ECONOMIC INEQUALITY, AND SOCIAL UNREST.
THE INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT (IBRD) HAS
FACED SEVERAL CRITICISMS OVER THE YEARS, INCLUDING:
CONDITIONALITY: THE IBRD OFTEN ATTACHES CONDITIONS TO ITS LOANS, SUCH AS
IMPLEMENTING ECONOMIC REFORMS OR PRIVATIZING PUBLIC ASSETS, WHICH SOME
CRITICS ARGUE CAN UNDERMINE NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY AND LEAD TO NEGATIVE
SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS.
CONDITIONALITY: THE IBRD OFTEN ATTACHES CONDITIONS TO ITS LOANS, SUCH AS
IMPLEMENTING ECONOMIC REFORMS OR PRIVATIZING PUBLIC ASSETS, WHICH SOME
CRITICS ARGUE CAN UNDERMINE NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY AND LEAD TO NEGATIVE
SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS.
LACK OF TRANSPARENCY: THE IBRD HAS BEEN CRITICIZED FOR ITS LACK OF
TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY, PARTICULARLY IN ITS DECISION-MAKING
PROCESSES.
LIMITED FOCUS ON SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: THE IBRD'S FOCUS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH
AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT HAS SOMETIMES COME AT THE EXPENSE OF
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SUCH AS HEALTH AND EDUCATION PROGRAMS.
INADEQUATE FINANCIAL HELP:
ACCORDING TO CRITICS, THE CAPITAL OF THE WORLD BANK IS NOT SUFFICIENT TO
MEET THE RISING NEED OF THE MEMBER COUNTRIES. THE BANK PROVIDES LITTLE
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO THE UDCS. COMPARED TO THEIR REQUIREMENTS.
.
DISCRIMINATING BEHAVIOR:
THE TREATMENT OF THE WORLD BANK TOWARDS RICH AND POOR COUNTRIES HAS BEEN
DISCRIMINATORY. THE BANK IS MORE FAVORABLY INCLINED TOWARDS EUROPEAN COUNTRIES.
ON THE CONTRARY, UDCS HAVE RECEIVED COMPARATIVELY LESS FINANCIAL ACCOMMODATION.
CONDITIONS OF LOANS HAVE ALSO BEEN HARSH.
HIGH RATE OF INTEREST & COMMISSION:-
ACCORDING TO CRITICISM, THE RATE OF INTEREST AND COMMISSION OF THE WORLD BANK HAS
ALSO BEEN VERY HIGH. UDC EXPERIENCE THE PINCH OF THESE EXORBITANT RATES
DEFECTIVE LOAN POLICY:-
WORLD BANK HAS A RIGID LOAN POLICY. IT TAKES A LONG TIME TO RECEIVE LOANS
FROM IT. THE BANK LAYS MORE STRESS ON THE REPAYING CAPACITY OF THE
BORROWING COUNTRY.
LOANS FOR LIMITED OBJECTIVES:
WORLD BANK PROVIDES LOANS ONLY FOR LIMITED OBJECTIVES. UDLS NEED LOANS FOR
ALL-ROUND DEVELOPMENT. THEIR LOANS NEED NOT BE TIED TO SPECIFIC PROJECTS.
THEY NEED SUCH LOANS AS CAN BE UTILIZED BY THEM ACCORDING TO THEIR
PRIORITIES.
REPAYMENT OF LOANS IN FOREIGN CURRENCY:-
THE CONDITION OF THE BANK TO REPAY THE LOAN IN THE SAME FOREIGN
CURRENCY IN WHICH IT WAS TAKEN EARLIER IS ALSO HARD TO BE FULFILLED BY THE
UDCS. MANY A TIME, IT BECOMES PRETTY DIFFICULT FOR THESE COUNTRIES TO
REPAY THE LOANS IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES.
DISCRIMINATORY:-
WORLD BANK IS ALSO CRITICIZED ON THE BASIS OF DISCRIMINATION ADOPTED BY IT
ON ITS PURPOSES AND REGION MUSE ASSISTANCE TOWARDS DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES. SINCE 1990, THE BANK HAS DIRECTED ITS LENDING POLICY IN FAVOR
OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE, RURAL
DEVELOPMENT, TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATION
• BUJAGALI DAM, UGANDA
• SARDAR SAROVAR DAM, INDIA
• TATA MUNDRA COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT, INDIA (IFC)
• POLONORESTE ROAD, MEXICO
• CHAD OIL DEVELOPMENT AND PIPELINE PROJECT, CHAD TO
CAMEROON
• PALM OIL PLANTATIONS, INDONESIA
• TARBELA DAM, PAKISTAN