A presentation by Momo Kochen as part of the Ocean and Marine Governance Practitioner Lectures, Wageningen University.

1. Approaches
towards
Sustainability in
Small Scale Fisheries
in Indonesia
Momo Kochen
Masyarakat dan Perikanan, Indonesia
(MDPI)

2. Indonesian Fisheries: Lay of the Land
- 17,508 islands
- 54,716 km coastline/ EEZ of 2.7 million km
- Fishery production: 5.8 million tons marine catch (2012)
- Exported fishery commodities 3.8 billion USD
- 21% of agricultural economy, 3% GDP
- Marine fleet: 620,830 vessels
- Small Scale Sector Contributes:
- 80% of fish production
- Employment for 7.3 million people
Reference:
http://www.fao.org/fishery/facp/IDN/en
Adhuri et al, 2015; Green Market for small people: markets and opportunities for upgrading in
small scale fisheries in Indonesia

3. Indonesia: Lay of the land

4. Question?????
- Does anybody know how the
governance of archipelagic states
differs from normal coastal states?
- Given the lay of the land, what issues
do you foresee with regards to
governing fisheries resources in a
country like Indonesia?

5. Market Demand: Driving industry to
change
• Quality
• Introduction of HACCP in 90’s
• Introducing training to processors and fishers
• Sustainability
• MSC and the FIP approach
• Social Aspects
• Ensuring slavery is abolished and human rights upheld
• Traceability
• Introduction throughout supply chain
• Transparency in telling the story of the fish

6. MDPI
The vision of MDPI:
To be a genuine and respected
implementer of socially and
sustainably geared programs to
benefit the fishing communities and
fisheries of Indonesia
The mission of MDPI:
We aim to empower the wider
small scale fishing communities to
achieve standards and objectives
on environmental sustainability,
social compliance and economic
viability through science. We
implement this on the ground
together with our partners and
other stakeholders .

7. So what does MDPI really do?
• Supporting Industry to meet their market requirements
• Supporting industry to do the right thing
• Translating the market demand to Indonesian supply chain
actors
• Translating the situation in Indonesia to the market and
trying to define realistic expectations
What we really want is………Happy People
and Many Fish!!

8. In practice……..
1. Quality
• Quality improvement workshops with fishermen
• Donation of ice-boxes
1. Sustainability
• Fisheries Improvement Implementation
• I-Fish
1. Social Compliance and community development
• Implementing the FT standard
• Using the FT approach
1. Traceability
• IFITT project
• MfIsh and PVR

9. Sustainability: Fisheries Improvement
Project (FIP)
“A FIP is an alliance of stakeholders -
retailers, processors, producers, and/or catchers – that
comes together to resolve problems within a specific
fishery or improve some specific aspect of the fishery that
requires attention. The FIP works through key organizations and
individuals, talking through the management of the fishery and
the challenges that it may face, identifying data that needs
to be collected, agreeing on a set of priority actions that
should be undertaken to improve the
fishery, and then overseeing an action plan”
- Based on the MSC structure

10. MDPI
Vision & Mission
I-Fish Tools
Fisheries Improvement
Port sampling
ETP Sampling
Co-Management
DMCs
Sustainability: Fisheries Improvement
Projects

11. MDPI: Supporting Industry
to get involved in a small
but effective way to
make change
Data Collection
Documenting
ETP interaction
and creating
awareness
Involvement in co-
management
MDPI
Support
throughout

12. I-Fish is…….
“ a cutting edge data platform, robust
fishery monitoring protocols and clearly
defined mechanisms for collaboration
between stakeholders”
I-Fish provides a way for fishery
stakeholders to work together to enrich
fisheries data and management.
I-Fish is a route for Industry to become
involved in fisheries sustainability and to
become involved in ‘real change on the
ground’

13. I-Fish as a Collaboration Platform
 I-FISH provides a framework for
fisheries stakeholders to work together
to enhance fisheries data and
sustainable management.
 Through I-FISH Data Management
Committees, stakeholders work
together to collect and analyze data,
and make management
recommendations based on that data.
Institutionalized through a provincial
decree

14. All members should be stakeholders to the
fishery
1. Core Members:
a) Regulator : Marine and fishery
Agencies in Province and Regency
b) Fisheries Business Actors : Fisherman,
Supplier, Industry, buyers
c) Researchers : P4KSI, University
2. Ad-hocAdvisors : Expert
3. Additional members : Environmental
NGO’s
Members of the Committee

15. I-Fish: as a data Platform

16. Social Aspects
Calipers vs Social Programs!
The human factor:
-7.87 million fishers are living
below the poverty line in
Indonesia
Recent revelations about
huge issues on human rights
in supply chains:
-Slavery

17. The Fair Trade approach in action
MDPI is implementing the 1st
pilot project of FT wild caught fishery
products in the world.
North Buru Island
Asilulu, West
Ambon Island

19. Fair trade: How does it work?
The communities (with support
from MDPI) need to:
-Ensure socially compliance
against the standard
-Environmental compliance
against the standard
Improvement for the
community:
-Infrastructure
-Environmental
-Education
-Improving lives

20. Fresh on the shelves!

21. In Summary:
I-Fish / fisheries
related
programs
- Data collection
- ETP and
ecosystem
protection
- Co-
Management
Fair trade / community
approach
- Sustainability related
Awareness Program
- Infrastructure
Improvement
- Capacity Building
- Distribution of safety
equipment

22. Break Time!
Any questions or
comments?
www.mdpi.or.id

23. Traceability: Telling the story…….
MDPI partners, industry and entire supply chains are willing to
do the work but how can we make sure that they get the
recognition they deserve for the effort they are putting in?
Improving Fisheries Information
and Traceability for Tuna (IFITT)

24. Why do we need traceability?
Informational demands: Limit and target
reference points, by-catch, food
safety, IUU, provenance, benefit
allocation and conservation burden,
employment and food security
?
??
?
Challenges
Varying levels of availability, transparency
and literacy
Indonesia/ information poor ... fish rich?
Private sector starting to face barriers to
export markets (market demand is
increasing)

25. Traceability within the chain…..due
to IFITT
Vessel
Vessel
Supplier Processor Distributer
Retailer
Restaurant
Consumer
I-fish ThisFish
IFITT
Compiled information for many and
varied stakeholders:Fishermen,
suppliers, processors, distributers,
retailers, consumers, government,
fisheries managers, academia etc

26. Code
A 590054

32. Policy in Indonesia to date
• Extensive and elaborate laws
• Decentralized government has handed governance of fisheries
management to districts and municipalities
• 11 fisheries management areas
• Stakeholder forums
• Largely Autonomous Directorate Generals (9)
• Little or no integration
• Lack of shared vision
• Too Strong a focus on economic development vs.
sustainable development
• Little enforcement of laws
Reference: MSI, 2009. Enhancing Government Effectiveness in Indonesia
USAID, 2013: Final Report on Indonesian Fisheries Policy
R.Banks, 2013: Indonesian Tuna FIP review

33. Policy in Indonesia: enter Ibu Susi
6 new laws within 4 months of
coming into power:
1.Prohibition of trawls and seine
nets in *all* of Indonesia's fishery
management areas (WPPs).
2.Prohibits fishing in breeding
grounds and spawning grounds
in the Banda Sea
3.Temporary suspension of fishing
licenses issuance

34. Policy Continued
4. Prohibition of the export (but not
necessarily capture) of oceanic
whitetip shark and hammerhead
sharks from Indonesia.
5. Outlaw of the capture of
pregnant ("berried", or egg-
carrying) lobster crab and blue
swimming crab. It also puts into
effect a minimum legal sizes
6. Prohibition on transhipment at
sea
Proposed: Closing of the 4 nm zone
to commercial fishing.

35. Anova/ Fishing & Living’s vision in 2011
Indonesian
Government
RFMO 1
RFMO 2
Industry
Data
MSCCertification
StockAssessment

36. What should the Vision be now in 2015
Value chains
Fair Trade
Seafood
Fraud
Illegal Fishing
RFMOs
Social
Standards
Enforcement
Regulations
FIPs
Marine
Stewardship
Council
Traceability
Consumers
Archipelagic
state
Environmental/Environmental/
Social NGOSocial NGO
Industry
Markets

37. Thank You and
Well done!
Any questions or
comments?
www.mdpi.or.id