Looping and switch cases

Fundamentals of Programming
►Switch Case and Looping System
Prepared by: Romeo Miguel F. Ramos

Programming

programming is instructing a computer to do something for
you with the help of a programming language. The role of a
programming language can be described in two ways:
• Technical: It is a means for instructing a Computer to perform
Tasks
• Conceptual: It is a framework within which we organize our ideas
about things and processes.

The word “programming”, it is a computer language programmers use
to develop applications, scripts, or other set of instructions for a
computer to execute.

• The distinction between data and procedures is not that clear cut.
In many programming languages, procedures can be passed as
data (to be applied to ``real'' data) and sometimes processed like
``ordinary'' data. Conversely ``ordinary'' data can be turned into
procedures by an evaluation mechanism.

• At first, programming is confusing because you have so much to
understand about codes that will enable to run a program.
Programming has applications and program development, the best
example for this is the Internet browser…

• Programming is a creative process
done by programmers to instruct a
computer on how to do a task.
Programming languages let you use
them in different ways, e.g adding
numbers, etc… or storing data on disk
for later retrieval.

Switch Case
• - A switch, case, select or inspect statement is a
type of selection control mechanism that exists in
most imperative programming languages such
as Pascal, Ada, C/C++, C#, Java, and so on. It is
also included in several other types of languages.
Its purpose is to allow the value of a variable or
expression to control the flow of program
execution via a multiway branch (or "go to", one of
several labels).

The Main Reason why we use the Switch Case

• - To improve clarity, by reducing
otherwise repetitive coding, and (if
the heuristics permit) also offering the
potential for faster execution through
easier compiler optimization in many
cases.

Programs that is related to switch case

• The If – Else Statement
- The if statement allows the programmer to make
decisions within a program.
- The if statement allows the programmer to make
decisions within a program.
• If (expression)
statement
- Where expression represents a relational,
equality, or logical expression ( conditional
expression) .

If statement (two alternatives)
If (condition)
statement;
else
statement;
• Note: if condition evaluates to true, then statement is
• executed and statement is skipped; otherwise, statement is
• skipped and statement is executed

If statement (One-Alternatives)

If (condition) Note: if condition evaluates to true, then statement is
statement; executed and statement is skipped

Format of the if statement

• - All if statement examples in this text indent
statements. The word else
• Is typed without indention on a separate line. The
format of the if statement
• makes its meaning apparent and is used solely to
improve program readability;
• The format makes no difference to the computer

• If we know how to write a C expression that is
equivalent of a question such as “Is resting the
value of expression to select a course of action. In
C, the statement is the primary selection control
structure
• A programming language is an artificial language
designed to communicate instructions to
a machine, particularly a computer. Programming
languages can be used to create programs that
control the behavior of a machine and/or to
express algorithms precisely.

http://gd.tuwien.ac.at/languages/c
/programming-bbrown/c_028.htm

The above program uses
a switch statement to
validate and select upon
the users input choice,
simulating a simple
menu of choices.

http://eglobiotraining.com/

When it compiles and run, this will be it look .
The C expression that was type it on Dev C++
The words are “enter in two number  24”

Example of Switch
Case Statement , you
Will see the statement
on the link that you see
in this slide.

LINK:
http://www.morrowland.co
m/apron/tutorials/cpp/cpp_
switch_case/index.php

After I compile it
and run it, the
statement is now
like this. As you
Can see after you
answer the 1st
question the next
question appear
And after you
finish all the
question the box
will disappear. It
means finish.


Function and target of Programming
language : A computer programming
language is a language. used to
write computer programs, which involve
a computer performing some kind of
computation or algorithm and possibly
control external devices such as printers
, disk drives , robots, and so on.

LINK:

http://www.morrowland.com/a
pron/tutorials/cpp/cpp_if_else
/index.php

When the
statement was
done this will it be
look like.
I got this from the
URL . The URL was
posted on the
previous slide


Did You Know?
The first programming
languages predate the
modern computer. The
19th century saw the
invention of
"programmable" looms
and player
piano scrolls, both of
which implemented
examples ofdomain-
specific languages.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/66k51h7a(v=vs.80).aspx

Did You Know ?
All programming languages have some primitive building blocks for the description of
data and the processes or transformations applied to them(like the addition of two
numbers or the selection of an item from a collection). These primitives are defined by
syntactic and semantic rules which describe their structure and meaning respectively.

LINK: http://www.cfanatic.com/topic4267/

Looping Statements
Loops execute a block of code a specified number of
times, or while a specified condition is true.
- in PHP, the following looping statements are used:

*The while Loop
* The Do… While Loop
* The For Loop
*The Foreach Loop
*Break and continue statement

The While loop
• While structure is another type of loop statements,
• where the condition is checked at first, the
iteration
• will not stop even if the value changes while
executing
• statements.
Form:
While(condition)
{
code to be executed;
}

The Do While Loop
• Do while statement is same as the
while statement , the only difference is
that it evaluates the expression at the
end.
Form:
do
{
code to be
executed;
}
while (condition):

The For Loop
• The for loop is used when you know in advance how many times
the script should run.
• Be for statement takes three expressions inside its parentheses
separated by semi-colons. When the for loop executes, the
following occurs:
• The initializing expression is executed. This expression usually
initializes one or more loop counter, but the syntax allow
expression any degree of complexity.
• The condition expression is evaluated. Of the value of condition is
true, the loop statements execute. If the value of condition is false,
the for loop terminates.


The For Loop
• Form:

• for {initialization; condition: increment )
• {
• code to be executed
• }


The For Each Loop
• For Each structure is a loop structure used for arrays

Form:
foreach(array as value)
{
code to be executed
}

Foreach (array as key => value)
{
code to be executed
}

The Break Statement
• Break ends the execution of the for, for
each, while, do-while or switch statement.

• Form:
* Break ( optional numeric argument)


The Continue Statement
• “Continue” is used to skip the current loop
iteration and continue with the next
iteration of the loop. But “Break” is to exit
from the whole loop.

Form:
* Break ( optional numeric argument)


The For Loop
LINK:

http://www.morrowl
and.com/apron/tuto
rials/cpp/cpp_for_l
oop/index.php


LINK:

http://www.morrowla
nd.com/apron/tutori
als/cpp/cpp_for_loo
p/index.php


Do While Loop
LINK:

http://www.morrowland
.com/apron/tutorials/cp
p/cpp_do_while_loop/i
ndex.php


Do While Loop


While Loop

LINK:

http://www.exfors
ys.com/tutorials/c
-plus-
plus/looping-in-
c.html


While Loop


Break and Continue
LINK:

http://cprogrammingl
anguage.net/c-
break-continue-
statements.aspx


Break and Continue


For Each Loop

LINK:
http://www.w3schools.co
m/php/php_looping_for.a
sp


For Each Loop


You have to consider languages to run or write your
own program, most demanded language in programming is the
DEV C++ (a full-featured Integrated Development Environment
(IDE)).

C++ is one of the most used programming languages
in the world. Also known as "C with Classes".

New to programming or thinking about it? It might surprise you
to know that there are many programmers who program just for
fun and it can lead to a job.

Looping

Loops are used to repeat a block of code.
Being able to have your program repeatedly
execute a block of code is one of the most basic
but useful tasks in programming -- many
programs or websites that produce extremely
complex output (such as a message board) are
really only executing a single task many times.

Looping Statement
• In doing the looping statement, I noticed that
sometimes if the program does not run, it is
because some braces are not included and I
accidentally put braces on the same line and it
causes the program not to read its contents.
Programming is sensitive, when there is missing
variable or braces or some words it does not run.

Looping Statement
• When I learned that programming is very sensitive and at
the same time very detailed when it comes to entering
codes, I make sure that it is clear means that I put
everything important codes in it so that the program would
run.
• So much codes that should be entered that even the spaces
are needed programming is very specific that whatever you
have entered in to it you should specify because when the
statement is false it wouldn’t let you run the program, I have
experienced it before I arrived at this result.

Switch Cases
• In programming the switch case missing out
a break statement causes control to fall through to the next
case label. Switches can always be replaced by nested if-
else statements, but in some cases this may be more
clumsy. Each break statement terminates the
enclosing switch statement. The Control flow in
programming continues with the first statement

• Because of so many experiences I had before this program
run, I found programming is also interesting for the more you
are practicing to make a program run, the more questions
that came up in my mind and try something that will fit to this
or entering new codes to make matrix etc… that I know is
possible.

• I thought learning programming is easy
but now I think it’s not that easy because
you should always check the codes you
encoded before you do some
programs, and if you have an error it will
run in Dev C++. In programming you will
learn a lot here especially if you are a
computer addicts .

• programming is what makes a computer more than just a
simple pocket calculator. In programming Everything that
you can do today on a computer someone had to be
programmed at one point.
• The importance of programming Developing a program
involves a series of steps. The programmer defines a
problem, plans a solution, codes the program, tests the
program and, finally, documents the program. Usually in
programming , the programmer defines what he knows and
the objective, selects a program to use, debugs the program
in stages after completion to ensure no errors are introduced
and then documents the design, development and testing of
the program. With the ever-changing face of computer
technology, programming is an exciting and always
challenging environment that few programmers ever dream
of leaving.

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Looping and switch cases

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