In the present scenario of global competition RAMS ( Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, and Safety) Engineering plays a vital role in the design, maintenance, safety/security and management of engineering systems. Reliability is considered one of the most important performance assessment index for most of the industrial products, processes and services. It focuses on systematic study and analysis of failures and developing methods for eliminating them or at least minimizing their occurrence with minimum damage to system and environment. It is truly interdisciplinary in nature since failures are not limited to any particular types of engineering systems, processes, and services. It is in effect a specialization sought by all engineering practitioners and researchers.

1. Dr. Ajeet Kumar Pandey
System Assurance, Railway RAMS
and Applicable Standards

2. Dr. Ajeet Kumar Pandey
▪ Ph.D. (Reliability Engineering): IIT Kharagpur,
Kharagpur, WB, India.
▪ M.Tech (Software Engineering): MNNIT,
Allahabad, UP, India.
▪ Member: IET (UK), IEEE (USA)
Education
Myself in Brief
Current Affiliations
Coordinates
Project Contribution and Assignments
ajeet.mnnit@gmail.com +91 8886411889
Role: Delivery Manager- Rail Business
Function: System Assurance & RAMS
India
Malaysia
Indonesia
Germany
France
UK
USA
Japan
Qatar
Australia
Expolink 2020 (Dubai)
DFCC (India)
LTR 3 (Malaysia)
R2P (Germany)
Jakarta LRT (Indonesia)
Network Rail (UK)
Sao Paulo Line-6 (Brazil)
Jakarta MRT (Indonesia)
Delhi Metro Line-8 (India)
Doha Metro (Qatar)
Sydney Metro (Australia)
Hyderabad Metro (India)
Invensys Rail (UK/USA)

3. Dr. Ajeet Kumar Pandey
Agenda: System Assurance & RAMS
➔ Introduction: What, Why & How
➔ Practice Overview
➔ Railway RAMS Standards
➔ Issue & Challenges
➔ Proposal: Adaptation of Progressive System Assurance Paradigm
➔ Summary

4. Dr. Ajeet Kumar Pandey
Introduction: System Assurance & RAMS
 RAM: Deals with the Performance of system under consideration.
 Safety: Deals with the Safety Risk of system under consideration.
 EMI/EMC:EMI have potential to impact both RAM and Safety performance of the systems adversely
 V&V: verification and validation tasks in the context of RAMS..
 Configuration Management: Each RAMS document and deliverable shall be placed under
configuration control from the time of its first release. Any changes to documents under configuration
control shall be recorded.
◆ System Assurance is a management approach to ensure that system are designed and
developed to meet specified RAM, Safety and EMC requirements.
◆ For some projects, Fire and Life Safety, Human Factor and Ergonomics, Earthing & Bonding Studies are
also considered as a part of System Assurance.

5. Dr. Ajeet Kumar Pandey
Introduction: System Assurance & RAMS
◆ SA does not cover the following aspects:
 Health Safety and Environment (HSE) Management
 Security Management
 Environment Management
 Sustainability Management
 Design and Interface Management
◆ Ii is a holistic engineering management approach multiple units must participate for successful
implementation of System Assurance.

6. Dr. Ajeet Kumar Pandey
◆ Railway RAMS has a significant impact on Quality of Service through Availability and Safety
improvement.
◆ Availability, Safety and Cost effectiveness are the most important issues for todays MRTS
systems; RAMS Process will help to achieve the specified targets.
◆ Rising Performance Requirements (Punctuality, speed, comfort, etc.).
◆ Balancing Life Cycle Cost: Assets Management; Optimizing Maintenance Cost; etc.
◆ To comply with National/ International Standards and Regulatory Requirements (EN/IEC/etc.).
◆ Technical performance has been dramatically improved over the recent years, but Operational
performance are still progressing.
 Railways Systems has a great potential to improve these (technical & operational) performance.
Therefore, RAMS management becomes a significant issue in today’s railway projects.
RAMS Management: Why?

7. Dr. Ajeet Kumar Pandey
◆ To minimize and control Random and
Systematic failures across the Project
Lifecycle.
RAMS Management: Why?
◆ RAMS is long term system characteristic. Life Cycle Cost can be optimized through
embellished RAMS process & tools

8. Dr. Ajeet Kumar Pandey
GS and PS
(Employer Requirements)
System Engineering Requirements
Functional & Non-functional
RAMS Requirements
(tender docs.)
System Requirement Specification
System Engineering and Management
RAMS Management – How?
System Assurance & RAMS Management
✓ Project Management Plan, Design plan/Method
✓ Quality Management Plan
✓ Applying Good Engineering Practices to
implement the Engineering Management Plan, etc.
✓ System Assurance Plan
✓ Safety Plan, RAM Plan, EMC Plan
✓ Implementation of these plan in design
✓ Verification & Validation
Applicable RAMS Stds.
EN 50 [126, 128, 129, 159, etc.]
✓ Implementing RAM & Safety Plan during O&M
✓ Regular audit & assessment of RAMS activities
✓ Implementing findings & recommendations
During design & development
During operation & maintenance
Client (Rail Project)
✓ RAMS Management Process: Requirements Identification/Specification & Implementation
RailwayProjects
Client Contractors Contractors/ Subcontractors
Safety Acceptance & Approval
Client/Contractors/ Subcontractors

9. Dr. Ajeet Kumar Pandey
Railway RAMS & Applicable Standards
Practice Overview

10. Dr. Ajeet Kumar Pandey
XYZ Metro
(System Boundary)
State Govt.
Min of Railway
Min. of Defense
Other stakeholders
Emergency Services
Other Rail Network
Operation & Maintenance
(Operational Service Provider/Infra Manager)
Hose pipe, Safety Valve, Circuit Board, Ballcock, etc.
ABC Metro/Rail Project
Systems
Work
Civil
Work
O&M Work
Practice Overview:Typical Breakdown Structure of Railway Project

11. Dr. Ajeet Kumar Pandey
WPC Contractors
(Individual/Consortium/Govt owned)
Client/Employers/Operators
(mostly Govt owned)
Independent Third Party
checker/reviewer
(DVE/ICE/IV&TE)
Engineering Consulting Cos.
(GC/PMC/Employer’s representative)
Independent Regulatory
Bodies/Certification
(ISA/RDSO/etc.)
Typical Stakeholders
RailwayProjects
Practice Overview: Stakeholders Involvement & Arrangement

12. Dr. Ajeet Kumar Pandey
RAMS Implementation: RAM & Safety Metrices
◆ RAM and Safety target shall be laid down well advance in the Tender Documents (GS/PS)
◆ RAM and Safety related metric shall be select as per the system and project applicability as
recommended by EN 50126-1:2017
◆ RAM Measures & Metrices:
 Reliability: Failure Rate, MTBF; MTBSAF, MKBSAF, MDBSAF, MCBF, etc.
 Availability (Inherent/y, Achieved/Operational), MUT, MDT, MART, etc.
 Maintainability: Repair Rate, MTTR, MTTSR, etc.
◆ Safety Measures & Metrices
 Hazard, Hazard Probability, Hazard Severity and Risk ( can be classified as R1 to R4)
 Risk Matrix: Defined by Client and vary project to project
 Risk Acceptance Criteria: Defined by Client and vary project to project.
 Risk Acceptance Principle: Defined by Client and vary project to project also it is country specific.
Some risk acceptance principle may be ALARAP; GAMAB; SFAIRP
 Safety Integrity Level (SIL): Based on THR which is also defined by the Client. Many take value from
SIL-1 (lowest) to SIL-4 (highest)

13. Dr. Ajeet Kumar Pandey
System Assurance & RAMS:Activities and Deliverables

14. Dr. Ajeet Kumar Pandey
RAMS Standards: IEC & CENELEC
EN 50126
(2017)
IEC 62278
(2002)
EN 50128
(2011)
IEC 62279
(2015)
EN 50129
(2003)
IEC 62425
(2007)
◆ IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) founded in 1906, the world’s leading organization for the preparation and
publication of International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
◆ CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization) was created in 1973 to prepare Electrotechnical
standard for European markets.
EN 50159
(2010)
IEC 62280
(2014)
EN 50121
(2017)
IEC 62236
(2008)
IEC 61508 (Industrial)
Functional Safety for E/E/PE
Safety Related System
Automotive
ISO 26262
Avionics
DO – 178, DO – 278
DO- 254
Railway
IEC and
CENELEC
Will disused EN 50126, EN 50128 and 129 in detail.
Many domain, many standards ……….
Safety of
Machines
IEC 62061
Industrial
Process
61511
Nuclear
IEC 61513
Generic Standards

15. Dr. Ajeet Kumar Pandey
Compliance to Railway RAMS Process and Applicable Standards
◆ Four pillars of any Rail/Metro Project may be as:
✓ Infrastructure (e.g., viaduct, track, stations, depot, civil
works, etc.),
✓ Energy (e.g., power supply, overhead traction/ third rail or
power rail, etc.)
✓ Rolling Stock
✓ Control, Command and Signalling.
Applicability of RAMS Standard: Railway Systems
EN50121
• Compliance to international Standards is
demanded today for every railway systems; for
signaling it is compulsory.
• There are many globally accepted standards
around the world such as IEC, EN, AREMA,
along with some county specific standards
• We are currently in the process of converting
(harmonizing) European railways standards
into international standards, and one of those is
the RAMS standard.
Applicability of RAMS Std to different subsystems varies
and depends on various influencing factors.

16. Dr. Ajeet Kumar Pandey
RAMS Management: Issue & Challenges
◆ Specification and Demonstration of RAMS Requirements (e.g. design-based; performance-based
specification; or data for similar/earlier projects): Recommendation follow EN 50126-1.
◆ Reliability is built-in design, when design is concluded, maximum control over reliability is lost; there are lack
of synchronization between design team and RAMS team.
◆ Lack of subject matter expert (SA/RAMS experts), lack of awareness, lack of , etc.
◆ Lack of Management support to RAMS activities; more focus on project execution/meeting deadline.
◆ Lack of budget allocation ( or no budget) for System Assurance & RAMS.
◆ Documentation centric RAMS activities; commercial of the shelf or historical RAMS data are used in most of
the cases.
Project RAMS
Product RAMS
RAM Safety
RAM Safety
Key Issue and Suggested Recommendation
RAM & Safety studies shall be conducted separately because of:
• Failure behaviors (All failures Vs dangerous failures
• Analysis nature (Supposed to do Vs…)
• Goal nature ( Failure free Vs …)
• Requirements nature (performance & safety related)
• Many more…

17. Dr. Ajeet Kumar Pandey
◆ Identify the factors influencing Railway RAMS & Plan Accordingly. It may be System Condition,
Operating Condition and Maintenance Condition.
◆ Identify the detailed influencing factors under: RAM and Safety separately
◆ Apply system lifecycle approach progressively to mange RAMS across the project lifecycle.
Progressive RAMS Management

18. Dr. Ajeet Kumar Pandey
Summary: System Assurance & RAMS
◆ SA/RAMS Requirement shall be specified well before the project is awarded.
◆ RAM and Safety Studies shall be conducted separately.
◆ SA/RAMS deliverables shall be linked with Design Stages of the Project Progress.
◆ SA/RAMS should be considered as holistic team approach, multiple must support.
◆
◆ Its relevance, vastness, benefits and importance is to be recognized and
appreciated.
◆ EN 50126 is the generic RAMS standards; for Railway Application (all systems)
 EN 50126-1: 2017, provides basic requirements and generic RAMS process.
 EN 50126-2: 2017, provides system approach to safety
◆ Progressive System Assurance Shall be followed across the Project Life Cycle.

19. Dr. Ajeet Kumar Pandey
Thank You!
Any Question??