Presentazione utilizzata da Alexander Gosten, Direttore del Dipartimento per il Trattamento dei rifiuti della municipalizzata berlinese BSR, durante il suo intervento alla conferenza internazionale Milano Recycle City, che si è svolta il 6 giugno 2014 presso la Fabbrica del Vapore di Milano

1. MILANO RECYCLING CITY, 6th june 2014 International interview round table
Berlin, BSR Berliner Stadtreinigungsbetriebe AöR
Dr.-Ing. Alexander Gosten
Vizepresident Waste Treatment & Waste Management
6th June 2014

2. BSR is the largest municipal refuse collection service
provider in the EU
… in approx. 2 million homes
(> 400,000 distributed waste
containers) …
... live approx.
3.5 million inhabitants ...
... who each year produce about
approx. 1.3 million tons of
urban waste …
On an area of 890 km²
(larger than Munich, Frankfurt and Stuttgart combined)...
... (and approx.
160,000 dogs)....
… walk and drive on approx.
136 km² of public space
(such as streets, airports) ...
... and each year produce about
80,000 tons of street waste ...
... approx. 350.000 trees (>
102.000 m3 of leaves) …
... (with an increasing number of tourists
(more than 22 million overnight stays per year) …
Milano Recycling City 6th June 20142

3. Type of Company and Mandate of BSR
 BSR is 100% owned by the State of Berlin and as a public legal entity it is organised like
a public limited company (management board, supervisory board) since 1994.
 BSR is commissioned to perform sovereign tasks of the State of Berlin.
 Refuse collection (residual waste, organic waste), waste treatment (incineration
plants, mechanical physical stabilisation plants)
 Street cleaning, snow removal and gritting
 In the sovereign realm, BSR is financed though fees. The generation of profits is
therefore strictly ruled out (concept of cost coverage). Fee payers are directly benefitting
from decreasing costs as their fees are reduced.
 BSR is allowed to also operate commercially (though subsidiaries), which in the broader
sense is also part of their range of tasks. The commercial is geared towards generating
profits and strengthening the equity of the company.
 BSR is a guarantor for safe waste management and for the cleanliness if the city.
Milano Recycling City 6th June 20143

4.  Cleaning of streets and pavements (approx. 1.5 million
kilometres)
 approx. 5.7 million waste basket collections
 approx. approx. 209,000 gully clean-ups
 Collection of approx. approx. 102,000 m3 leaves
 Removal of illegal debris ( convoy of container trucks with
a length of more than 7 kilometres / 4.3 miles)
 Snow removal and gritting ( more than 18,000 crossroads,
the length of roads covered matches the distance of 5 times
Berlin - Moscow, GPS navigation and
data recording)
Guaranteeing Cleanliness through state-of-the-art
Technology - Performance Data of Cleaning Dept.
- approx. 2,124 employees and approx. 820 vehicles -
Milano Recycling City 6th June 20144

5.  Collection of household and commercial waste (approx. 18.1
million collections per annum, from approx. 341,000 waste
containers)
 Collection of recyclables (approx. 0.7 million emptyings of
about 40,000 waste containers)
 Collection of organic waste (approx. 3.2 million collections
per annum, from approx. 83,000 waste containers)
 15 recycling depots taking on approx. 20 types of recycling
materials and approx. 30 pollutants
 Collection of approx. 10,850 tons of bulky waste
 Other, e.g. 350,000 collected and recycled Christmas trees
Comprehensive Provision of Waste Disposal for all
Berlin Homes - Performance Data of Refuse Collection
- approx. 1,510 employees and approx. 400 vehicles -
Milano Recycling City 6th June 20145

6. Unterground Waste Container Systems
 Currently 41 Systems (sites) in use, 12 more Systems planned
 Modular architecture ( different and complimentary options) and weekly emptying
Other Opportunities for Separate Waste Collection
 Except ~ 6.000 containers (on ~ 1.700 sites) for the collection of glass and an unknown number of boxes for old
textiles (set up by authorized collectors) there are no recycling banks in the public area.
 Public authorities, hospitals and some companies (e.g. german railroad) offer additional possibilities for the
separate collection of waste (e.g. paper, glass, lightweight-packaging and mixed waste)
Milano Recycling City 6th June 20146

7. BSR provides 15 Recycling Depots in Berlin for the
separate Collection of recyclable Materials
[all figures in tons]
 approx. 2.2 million visits by clients ...
 approx. 138,000 tons total volume of waste
 approx. 600,000 leaf bags (sold)
Type of Waste Quantity
scrap tyres 437
scrap carpets 2,224
scrap textiles 2,642
tree and shrub brashings 1,361
electronic scrap 13,568
tiles and ceramics 2,042
glass 1,467
wood 52,226
lightweight packaging 1,029
paper 10,609
residual waste 2,162
pollutants 2,769
scrap metal 7,988
bulky waste 26,830
total 137,128
leaf disposal bags 9,774
Milano Recycling City 6th June 20147

8. Berlin: Amount and composition of waste1,2 (2012)
Total: 1.540.332 t Separate Collected Recyclables: 420.000 t
1) Source: Abfallbilanz des Landes Berlin für das Jahr 2012 (http://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/umwelt/abfall/bilanzen/2012/bilanz2012.pdf) 2) complemented and/or corrected
data with source BSR-Entsorgungsbilanz 2012 3) Recyclables from Commerce and Industriy collected by Dual Systems (46.000t) and Waste for Disposal delivered to BSR
Waste-to-Energy-Plant) 4) separate collected recyclables from households and small businesses
Mixed waste*; 822.000;
53%
Paper / Cardboard4
(178.987t; 12%)
Plastics / Lightweight
Packaging4
(93.852t; 6%)
Glass4
(66.453t; 4%)
Organic Waste4
(126.499t; 8%)
Used Textiles2 (2.642t)
Bulky Waste from
Households2
(113.899t; 8%)
Commercial Waste3
(80.000t; 5%)
Street Litter and Grit
(56.000t; 4%)
Milano Recycling City 6th June 20148

9. Bulky waste
removal
2011: BSR and BR collect approx. 89% (368 kg) of all
waste produced in Berlin per head (412 kg)
Organics and green
waste*: 36.0 kg
Paper, cardboard*:
32.0 kg
Glass*: 20.2 kg
Bulky waste: 11.5 kg
Other:
Wood: 15.1 kg
Scrap electronics 4.5 kg
Metals: 2.4 kg
Textiles: 0.8 kg
Other: 1.0 kg
Domestic waste*:
241.4 kg
Recycling container*:
3.4 kg
approx.
412 kg / inhabitant / year
Metals
LVP
Scrap electronics
Textiles
Plastics
Glass
Inerts
Other
Paper, cardboard
Bulky waste-like
Organic
3.8
44.0
6.4
9.0
5.7
35.4
5.6
45.5
82.4
35.2
138.8
(respectively incl. of Recycling
depot volumes)
Milano Recycling City 6th June 20149

10. What is thrown away in residual bins?
Domestic and trade waste
include about 40 % of dry
recyclable materials which could
at least partly be recovered.
Organic matter accounts for the
largest proportion.
[ARGUS-Study, BSR, 2008]
organic matter
paper & card
plastic
compound
textile
metal
mineral material
wood
others
42.5 %
12.0 %
9.4 %
7.0 %
3.3 %
2.1 %
2.0 %
0.4 %
15.0 %
glass 6.3 %
Milano Recycling City 6th June 201410

11. Berlin: Collecting Waste and Recyclables
~ 320.000 bins
~ 16,6 Mill. emptyings
~ 7,9 Mill. m3 volume
underground containers: 120
emptying: weekly
bring Sites: ~ 1.515
containers: ~ 6.000
all containers are emptied fortnightly
~ 84.000 bins
~ 3,3 Mill. emptyings
~ 0,6 Mill. m3 volume
~ 95.000 bins
all bins are emptied fortnightly by
BSR subsidiary Berlin Recycling
~ 80.000 bins (estimated)
Berlin Recycling market share: 60% (estimated)
~ 150.000 bins
~ 193.000 sacks per year
BSR is emptying ~ 43.000 bins (~ 0.6 Mill.
emptyings, 0.35 Mill. m3 volume) and col-
lecting more than 200.000 sacks per year.
Others are collected/emptied by Alba.
51 bring site containers
Residual
Mixed Waste
Organic
Bio Waste
Glass
Paper and Cardboard
Lightweight Packaging / Plastics
Milano Recycling City 6th June 201411

12. Berlin: Typical Housing Situations
1 x 120l MSC2 (fortnightly)
1 x 60l Bio (fortnightly) or composting
1 x 240l PPK3 or RC4 (monthly)
1 x 240l LVP5 (fortnightly)
Glass is delivered to collecting points
or
3 x 240l MSC (weekly)
1 x 240l Bio (weekly)
3 x 240l PPK (fortnightly)
2 x 240l LVP (fortnightly)
2 x 240l Glass (fortnightly)
2 x 1.100l MSC (twice a week)
2 x 240l Bio (weekly)
3 x 1.100l PPK (weekly)
2 x 1.100l LVP (fortnightly)
2 x 1.100 l Glass (fortnightly)
one family home
(~1 household)
housing block
(~10 flats1)
large housing estate
(~60 flats)
or
1) Used by families, single persons or small businesses 2) Municipal Solid Waste from households and small businesses ( mixed waste)
3) Paper, cardboard, carton 4) delivery to a recycling and reuse center 5) lightweight-packaging collected via bins or sacks
Milano Recycling City 6th June 201412

13. History of Organic Recycling in Berlin
1990/91: Trial of organic waste collection with scientific monitoring
1992: BSR is founding member of reg. Gütegemeinschaft Kompost e.V.
(quality association for compost)
1996: Begin of initial introduction in the inner city
2000: Begin of collection in the suburbs
2002: Completion of active introduction and acquisition respectively
from 2004: Optimisation process of organic waste collection
2007: BSR decision to build biogas plants in Berlin
2008: Planning and EU tender for construction
2009: Allocation to GU
2010: Permissionprocedure with the authorities and the public
2011: Official permit to build the plant
2013: Start operation in March,
2013: Taking over the plant from Strabag in October
Milano Recycling City 6th June 201413

14. Development of Biogenous Waste in Berlin
Mg/a
0
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
140.000
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Weihnachts-
bäume
Baum- und
Strauchschnitt
Laub
(lose+Säcke)
Biogut
Christmas-
trees
Tree + shrub
brashings
Fallen leaves
(loose + in bags)
Organic matter
Milano Recycling City 6th June 201414

15. Milano Recycling City 6th June 201415
3,432
3,443
3,461
3,326 3,375
3,394
15,3
17,0 16,8
18,6 18,4 18,6
16,6
19,5
16,3
19,4 19,0
21,0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Organic Waste per Inhabitant1,2,3
Bio Waste ( Bin Collection)
Other Organic Waste (e.g.
loose foliage from public
street areas, leaf sacks,
christmas trees)
Population (in Mill.)4
1) Alle Daten zur Bevölkerung (Basis sind Volkszählung und monatlich erfasste Veränderungen): …
2) Alle Daten zum Aufkommen an Bio- und Grünabfällen: Entsorgungsbilanzen der BSR für die Jahre 2008 – 2013
3) Zu beachten: Die Berechnung der pro Kopf-Sammelmengen ab 2011 basiert auf den auf Basis des Zensus 2011 gültigen Einwohnerzahlen. Die zum Stichtag der Zählung (9. Mai 2011)
erhobene Einwohnerzahl lag um 175.870 Personen (5,3 %) unter dem bis dato in der amtlichen Fortschreibung geführten Wert.
4) Bevölkerungsstand zum 30. Juni 2013
31,9
36,6
33,1
38,0 37,5
39,6

16. Prospective Utilisation of Biogenous Waste
 Planned fermentation plants are designed for the treatment of organic waste
from household-bins (“Biotonne”)
 Further biogenous waste and solid digestate can in future be treated at the
already existing compost sites around Berlin
external plants
non-fermentable waste
Christmas trees
tree and shrub brashings
fallen leaves
Conversion in own
fermentation plant
fermentable waste
digestate
organic waste
external / internal plants
Milano Recycling City 6th June 201416

17. Closed Cycles in Organic Waste Disposal
Organic
Waste
Plants and
agricultural
products
Compost
Insertion
Preparation
of Digestate
Supply to
Gardening and
Landscaping
Companies
Fuelling own
Vehicle Fleet
Feeding into
Gas Grid
Biogas
Preparation
of Biogas
Preparation of
Organic Waste
Organic Waste
Collection
Fermentation
Milano Recycling City 6th June 201417

18. BSR – Biogas plant
Biofilter
Biofilter
Aerification
Digester
Preparation hall
Receiving
hall
Scales
Access
Access
Plant
De-
hydration
Biogas production: approx. 32,000 MWh/a
Utilisation for BSR vehicle fleet: approx. 25,000 MWh/a
Substitution of 2.5 million litres of Diesel
Surplus Biogas is used at BSR locations for the combined electricity
and heat generation: approx. 7,000 Mwh/a
Milano Recycling City 6th June 201418

19. Key figures
Input:
Area:
Employees:
Exhaust air for odourisation :
Raw biogas production:
Raw biogas – annual production:
BioMethane – production:
Net energy production :
Diesel Substitution:
CO2 – reduction potential :
Output solid aerated
fermentation residue:
Output liquid digestate :
60,000 Mg/a biowaste from households
2.7 ha
14
40,000 m³/h
119 m³/Mg of Input, with Ø 62 % CH4
~ 7,140,000 m³/a
~ 4,301,000 m³/a
~ 34 million kWh
~ 2.5 million litres
~ 6,200 Mg CO2 (diesel substitute)
plus ~ 6,000 Mg CO2 (c-sequestration)
13,400 Mg/a
32,200 Mg/a
Milano Recycling City 6th June 201419

20. Food waste at a glance*
Collection and transport of
 organical leftovers from restaurants, cantinas, caterings…
 bakery products and dough leftovers
 food that has past its expiration date or foods that are no more marketable because of
cold chain interruptions
 over production quantities from food industry
( in accordance with EU regulation No. 1069/2009 of 21 october 2009)
 drippings and chip fast
( in accordance with 36th BImSchV (Federal Immission Control Act) and Biokraft-NachV (Biofuel Sustainability Ordinance) of 1 january 2013)
(Wheelie) Bin / barrel lavation and/or exchange
sources:http://www.bral.berlin/index.php and http://www.alba.info/uploads/media/Medienberichte-Powerabfall.pdf
Milano Recycling City 6th June 201420