اشتراطات الطرق لذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة

1. 1
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬:‫ﻨﻘﻑ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺃ‬.‫ﺩ‬/‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻤﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻡ‬/‫ﺍﻟﻬﺫﻟﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻟﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻜﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺠﺴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ‬‫ﻴﺴﺘﻠﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺁﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻜﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺼﺎﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ‬.
‫ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺠﺯ‬
‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻡ‬.‫ﺴﻴﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺎﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺎﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺭﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺎﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻗﺎﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻅ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.‫ﻋﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﻻﺤﺼﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎﻻ‬ ،‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﻔﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻑ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻴﻼﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬.‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻻﻴﻘل‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺠﺏ‬٩٠‫ﺴﻡ‬
‫ﻗﺩﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻴﻭل‬٨%‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎ‬.‫ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﺘﻀﻲ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﺁﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺘﻌﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺴﻭﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬.‫ﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬٢%‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺭﻀﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺤﺭﺍﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬.‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺎﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻻﺘﻘﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻷﻥ‬ ،‫ﺃﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻼﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻭﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ‬(‫ﺍﻷﺭﻀ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻁﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬‫ﻤﻌﺎﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻀﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺒﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻟﻐﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺌﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺤﻘﻴ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺸﻭﺍﺭﻋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻭﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬.

2. 2
‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺘﺼﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻘﻠﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺒﺭﺯ‬
‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺒﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺜﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﻨﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻌل‬.‫ﻟﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬‫ﻓﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺁﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻔل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬.
‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬]١:[
•‫ﺤﺭﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻋﺩ‬.((
•‫ﺤﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬)‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬.(
•‫ﺫﻫﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺀ‬.(
‫ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬:
•‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬.
•‫ﺍﻷﺭﺼﻔﺔ‬.
•‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺭ‬.
•‫ﺍﻷﺭﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻷﻋﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﺌﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﻨﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻌﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺘﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ،‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻴﻐﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻗﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺎﻤل‬‫ﺏ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻔﺼﻴﻼﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺍﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﻘﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺩ‬]٢.[
‫ﺃﺸﺎﺭ‬‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻌﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺍﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺼﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﺅﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺼﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﻬﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺼﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬
‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬٩٤%‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺼﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬٦%‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬)١.(
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬١٢‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬١٠٠‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻫﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻼﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﻥ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻴﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺹ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺍﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬٧٣,٦%،‫ﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﻠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺼﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻨﻭﻉ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺼﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬(‫ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬)‫ﻭﺘﺸﻭﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺭ‬

3. 3
‫ﻭﻜﺴﻭﺭ‬(‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،)٢.(‫ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻼﻓﺕ‬٨٧%‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬)‫ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺭ‬(
‫ﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬١١‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬)٣(‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻴﻀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻅﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺼﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺍﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﻴﺩ‬٧٨%‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﻡ‬١١‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬)٤.(
‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻋﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬٥,٤٦%،
‫ﻭﺴﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﻤﺎﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﺭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻗﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸﺨﺼ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻑ‬)٣٧٠,٦٦٠(‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬١٩‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸﺨﺼ‬١٠٠٠‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻗﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻜﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺭﻭﺭﻴ‬.
‫ﺸﻜل‬)١: (‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺼﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬.
5.46%
94.54%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﺻﺎﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫إﺻﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫اﻻﺻﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
55.84%
20.82%
23.34%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
‫ﺑﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻮهﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬

4. 4
‫ﺸﻜل‬)٢: (‫ﺍﻹﺼﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺼﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬.
‫ﺸﻜل‬)٣: (‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﺼﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬.
‫ﺸﻜل‬)٤: (‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺼﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬.
12.12%
21.21%
28.79%
15.15%
13.63% 9.10%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
(10-1) (20-11) (30-21) (40-31) (50-41) (+51)
‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
18.62%
21.14%
25.55%
13.56%
11.67%
9.46%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
(10-1) (20-11) (30-21) (40-31) (50-41) (+51)
‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬

5. 5
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺎﺭﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺴﻭﻗﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻗﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻘﻼﺘﻬﻡ‬‫ﻴﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻴﺭ‬)‫ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل‬٥،٦،٧‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬(‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺫل‬٣٠%‫ﻴﺒﺫﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻲ‬) (‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬٨‫ﻟﻭﺼﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬(‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻗﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬٧٠%‫ﻟﻘﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻀﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬.‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻁﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻀﺢ‬‫ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﺠل‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻀﻌﺎﻓﻬﺎ‬.‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﺼﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻀﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﺒﺎﺕ‬٧٠%‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬ ،
‫ﻟﻬﺫ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﺼﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻔﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﺓ‬]١.[
‫ﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺒﻪ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺼﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻴﻘ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﺩ‬‫ل‬‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬١,٢٠‫ﻡ‬‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻁﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺸﺠﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺎﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻠل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺭﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬‫ﻋﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬.‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬

6. 6
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻨﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬١,٢‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻡ‬٢,٤‫ﻡ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺼﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻴﻘل‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻭﻱ‬١,٥‫ﻡ‬.
‫ﺸﻜل‬)٥: (‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬.(

7. 7
‫ﺸﻜل‬)٦: (‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﺠﻠﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬.

8. 8
‫ﺸﻜل‬)٧: (‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬.

9. 9
‫ﺸﻜل‬)٨: (‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬.

10. 10
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬)Curb Ramp(‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺎﻫﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬.
‫ﻴﻤﻜ‬‫ﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬]٣،٤،٥:[
•‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬٩‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻠل‬.
•‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬٩.
•‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺘﻼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬٩.
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺸﺠﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬١‫ﻭﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﻫـ‬‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺨﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺫﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬ ،‫ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺭﻭﺯ‬.‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬‫ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻼﺌﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺒﺩ‬.
‫ﺒﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻜﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻭﺍﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻭﻉ‬.
‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻴﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﺎﺤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬١,٠‫ﻴﺯﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﻭل‬
‫ﻋﻥ‬١٠%‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻁﺤﻴﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺴﻴﺞ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻴﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬‫ﻴﺯﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬)‫ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬٦‫ﻤﻡ‬(‫ﻴﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺎﺠﺊ‬ ‫ﻫﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻴﻘ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻨﻘﻼﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺨﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻭﻤﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬.‫ﻭﻴﺠﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺯﺍﺌﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺎﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻨﻭﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬٥٠‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬٧٥‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺠﺊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻁﻼ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻕ‬(‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺒﺏ‬.
‫ﻤﻌﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺼﺢ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺯﺍﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻼ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺔ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬

11. 11
‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺩﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ‬.
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺯﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﻟﻌﺒﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻁﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺭﺍﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺫ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬.
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺒﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﻘل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺴﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺩﺜﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻔﺎﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻴﺩﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻁﺭ‬.
‫ﻴﻜﻭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬‫ﻟﻌﺒﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺯﻴل‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬.‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻭﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺫﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺠﻭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺌﻘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺫﻴﺭﻴﺔ‬‫ﺘﻌﻭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬‫ﻕ‬‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬.‫ﻟﻼﻨﺯﻻﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻨﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﺸﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬.

12. 12
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬‫ﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬

13. 13
‫ﺸﻜل‬)٩: (‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺼﻔﺔ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﻭﺍﺭﻋﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻀﻌﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻤﻔﻘﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺎﻓﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬.‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻜﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎل‬ ‫ﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻭﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻙ‬:
•‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻌﺩ‬:‫ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺸﻴﻭﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﻗﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺼﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺠﺯﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻓﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻡ‬.‫ﺴﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻻﻴﺴﺘﻐﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺭﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬٣٠-٤٥‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﺨﻼ‬ ‫ﻻﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻌﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬.
•‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻌﺩ‬:‫ﻴﺘﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻐﺭﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻀﻌﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻐﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻁﺀ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺸﻐ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻌﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻴل‬.‫ﻭﻗﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻁﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻁﻭل‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬.
•‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻼﺕ‬:‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻜﺎ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺘﻔﺎﻋﻪ‬٢٥‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬٣٥‫ﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﺨﻭل‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺝ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬
‫ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻔﻀل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻜﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺯل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﻌﺩ‬٢٥‫ﺴﻡ‬.
•‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻓﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘل‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺨل‬:‫ﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺌﻊ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬.

14. 14
‫ﻴﺘﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺒﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻼ‬ ،‫ﺒﻴﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺍﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻼﺕ‬‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻓﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺎﺙ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬.
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻀﻌﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﻔﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺩﻴﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻘﺼﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺸﻌﺔ‬)Infrared Systems.(‫ﻗﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻠﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻘﺼﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻼﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬.
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻼﺤﻅ‬‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻓﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻬﻴل‬
‫ﻴﻘﺘﺼ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻴﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻬﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﻤﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻬﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻬﺎ‬.
‫ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻐﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻤﺢ‬‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻘل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬٢,٤‫ﻋﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅل‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻹﺭﺸﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜ‬ ،‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻌﺭﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻏﺼﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻏﺼﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﻤﺴﺔ‬٢‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻡ‬)‫ﺸﻜل‬١٠(
]٥.[

15. 15
‫ﺸﻜل‬)١٠: (‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻏﺼﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺠﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬٢‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﻭﺀ‬ ،‫ﻡ‬١٠‫ﺴﻡ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺎﺙ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻼﻤﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻗﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻅﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺎﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺎﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻗﺩﻱ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺎﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻠﺨﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‬:
•‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻗل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺜﺎﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻻﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬١,٣‫ﻡ‬.
•‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻭﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺠﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬١٠‫ﺴﻡ‬.
•‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻠل‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
٩٠‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﻴﺼﻁﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻟﻡ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻀﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻀﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬.

16. 16
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬
‫ﺫﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﺍﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬.‫ﺫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﺯﺍل‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻬﻴﺯﺍﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬٤،‫ﻡ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻘل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻭﺍﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬١,٥‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺯﻴل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻤﻴل‬.‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬)Diagonal(‫ﺒﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺒﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺨ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻷﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻠﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻙ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺤﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻐﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻤﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻔﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺎﻫ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬‫ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺤﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺼﻌﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬.‫ﻭﺒﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺯﺍل‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬‫ﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺎ‬.
‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻴل‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬١‫ﺃﻭ‬٢%،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻗﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬٢%‫ﻴﻌﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻜﻲ‬‫ﻕ‬‫ﻴﺯﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﺴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻷﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩﺍ‬.‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻷﻥ‬‫ﻴﺸﻌﺭﻭ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻋﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻘ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ‬‫ل‬‫ﻋﻥ‬١,٢‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺒﻼ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬١,٨‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺒﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻡ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻤ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺎل‬
‫ﻤﺘﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
)Portable Ramps(‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻴﺜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬.‫ﻋﻼﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬‫ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻲ‬.

17. 17
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﻡ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺩل‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ‬:
•‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻗﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﺔ‬.
•‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺠل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺍﺼﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻴﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.
•‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻭ‬.
•‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺒﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﺫﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻭ‬
)‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭ‬‫ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺸﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺭﺱ‬ ،.(
•‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻁﺊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻀﻌﻑ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻭﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺒﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻁﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻭﻟﺔ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺒﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬EAUs)Equivalent
Adult Units(‫ﺘﺼﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﻴﻌﺎﺩل‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻁﻔل‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﻑ‬٢‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺎﺩل‬١,٥‫ﻓﻴﻌﺎﺩل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬٢.‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻠﺘﻨﻭﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺼﺎﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻀﺢ‬١‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬.
‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬)١:(‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ‬‫ﺴﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺒﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬
EAUs
‫ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎل‬×٢,٠
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﺎﺭ‬×١,٥
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻗﻭﻥ‬×٠,٢
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﻥ‬×١,٠
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ‬
=Σ

18. 18
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺫﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻔﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺎﺓ‬
‫ﻨﺴﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺼﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺫﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻁﺢ‬.‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺭﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺒﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺫﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬٢٣‫ﻭﺒﺎﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻡ‬
‫ﺼﺎﻓﻲ‬٥‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻡ‬‫ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬٥٩‫ﻤﻡ‬.
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
،‫ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻁﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻁﻼﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻤﺘﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ‬‫ﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺤﻴﺎﺀﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻗﺎﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻅ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻗﺎﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﺠﻬﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻋﺏ‬ ‫ﻵﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﻠﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻼﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺯﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻤﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻀﺌﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬.‫ﺸﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬‫ﺘﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬"‫ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬"‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻠﺤﻅ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻗﺎﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺼل‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬)‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻅﺭ‬١١.(
‫ﻟﻼﻨﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻼﻓﺕ‬‫ﺘﺸﻴ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻤﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻩ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺩل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬.‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻤﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻼﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺯﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﺭﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻔﺯﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬.
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺒﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎﻻ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﻬﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ،‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﻤﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻀﺢ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻗﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺤﺼﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬‫ﺸﺎﺌﻌﺔ‬.

19. 19
‫ﺸﻜل‬)١١: (‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬.
‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬‫ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬)Code(‫ﺘﺴﻬﻴل‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴﺦ‬ ،‫ﺒﻼﺩﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬

20. 20
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻻﺼﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻜل‬
‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻜل‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻰ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺤﺘﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬.
‫ﺍﻷﺠﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺍﺌﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻏﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﻫﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﻅ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬‫ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻐﺎﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻬﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬.‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻼﻓﺕ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬‫ﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻐﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬.
‫ﺒﺭﺍﻴل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺨﺼﻭﺼ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺍﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺫﻴﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺴﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻔﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻤﻭﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭ‬‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻐﺎﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﻤﻘﺼﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ل‬
‫ﻷﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻬﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬.‫ﺩﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬MUTCD‫ﻴﺤﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺴﺎﺌﻘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻭﺍل‬ ‫ﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺭﺯﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺌﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﻼﺤﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀل‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﺍﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ،‫ﻤﻠﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭ‬:
•‫ﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬.
•‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺭﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬.
•‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﺭﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﻭﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ‬

21. 21
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺼﺕ‬‫ﻤﺸﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﺎﻜﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺒل‬.
‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬:
•‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬‫ﻟﻤﻭﺍﻜﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬.
•‫ﻟﻠﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺘﻼﺀﻡ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻗﺎﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺒـ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻤﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ،‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ‬:‫ﺘﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬Disability Audits)(‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬"‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬"‫ﻁﺭﻗﺎﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬.
•‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺘﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻤﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬.
•‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻌﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺒﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻲ‬.
•‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻤﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.
•‫ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁ‬"‫ﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬"‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﺨﻴﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻭﻱ‬.
•‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ‬"‫ﻭﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﻱ‬"‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬.

22. 22
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬:
١.ITE. Traditional Neighborhood Development: street design
Guidelines. Institute of Transportation Engineers,
Washington, D.C., 1997.
٢.‫ﺴﻌﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻤﺩﻱ‬.‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺍﺩﺙ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻠﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‬.،‫ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬١٤٢٠‫ﻫـ‬.
٣.AASHTO. A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and
Streets. American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials, 4th
ed., Washington, D.C., 2001.
٤.Lalani, N. Alternative Treatments for At-Grade Pedestrian
Crossings. The ITE Pedestrian and Bicycle Task Force.
Institute of Transportation Engineers, Washington, D.C.,
2001.
٥.www.un.org. A Design Manual for Barrier Free
Environment. 2003.