4.  Legend: Aeneas settles in Rome after
Trojan War
 His descendants, Romulus & Remus
found Rome
 History: 600s BC: Etruscans conquer
Rome
 509 BC: Etruscan king overthrown &
republic established

6. Hills & Rivers
 Built on 7 steep hills
 What advantages did the land near Rome offer?
Farm Life
 Live in simple huts of mud or timber
 What values did Roman farmers share?

8.  Republic lasted 500 years
 Conflict between patricians & plebeians
 450 BC: Constitution written (12 Tables)
 Three Branches of Government

9. Executive
 2 consuls
 Commanded army & directed gov’t for
one year
 Power of veto
Legislative
 Senate:
 Assemblies:
Judicial
 8 judges served for one year

10.  Leader with absolute power
 In times of crisis, could be
appointed for a limited time
 458 BC: Cincinnatus made
dictator
 Defeated the enemy & returned
power in one day

13.  By 275 BC: dominate central Italy & Greece
 How did the Romans treat these conquered
people?

15.  Three wars with North African city-state Carthage
 Starts 264 BC
 Rome wins all three wars
Highlights
 2nd: Hannibal invades Rome with elephants
 3rd: Rome destroys Carthage and enslaves its people

16.  Positive Effects
 Negative Effects

17.  General, politician, dictator
 Captures the entire region
of Gaul
 Advocated reforms to help
the poor
 His popularity made others
nervous
 44 BC: Senate names him
dictator for life
 Expanded the Senate
 Created jobs for the poor

18.  Senators fear Caesar's growing power
 March 15, 44 BC: assassinated on the Senate floor
 What happens after Caesar is killed?
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5SzITk82Bs

19.  Adopted son of Julius Caesar
 27 BC: Becomes first emperor
 How did Augustus rule?

20.  “Peace of Rome”
 Lasted 200 years
 2 million square miles
 300,000 men in army
 Public works projects
 By 100s AD: Empire stretches from Spain to
Mesopotamia; N. Africa to Britain

22. Agriculture
 Most Romans farmers
Industry
 Manufactured:
Trade
 Land and sea trade routes
throughout Mediterranean
 What’s not grown is traded for

24.  What is currency?
 What are the advantage of currency?

26.  Father was the head of the household
 Women ran household and raised children
 Could not vote
 Wealthy boys educated at private schools
 Girls married at age 14

27.  Who was in the new middle class?
 1/3 of population slaves
 Most did physical labor
 Slave revolts common, but usually unsuccessful

29.  Believed in hundreds of nature spirits
 Borrowed the idea of gods in human form from Etruscans
 Borrowed many specific gods form the Greeks
 Priests were government officials
 Emperors worshiped as gods

31.  1 million people (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population)
 What problems existed in the city of Rome?

32.  Large homes in countryside
 Attended theater and threw dinner parties
 What foods were served at Roman dinner parties?

33.  Problem: free-flowing human waste
 Solution:
 Problem: lack of fresh water
 Solution:
 Problem: many Romans dirty
 Solution:

34.  “Bread and Games”
 Rome gave free grain to the poor
 Entertainment at public areas
 Chariot races at the Circus Maximus
 Gladiator fights in the Coliseum
 What did Romans like about these contests?

35.  63 BC: Rome conquers
Jewish kingdoms in
Judea
 Jewish sacred writings
promise a Messiah
 What did the Jews
believe about the
promised Messiah?

37.  Jewish
 Born in Bethlehem, grew up in Nazareth
 Traveling preacher with many followers who
believed him to be the promised Messiah.

38.  What was Jesus’ message?
 How did Jesus teach his lessons?

39.  Jesus’ claim of being the
Messiah made him a
threat to the Roman
Empire.
 Pontius Pilate, the Roman
governor of Judea,
condemned Jesus to
death.
 Jesus rose from death,
proving his divinity.

40.  Church encouraged charity, helping the
poor, equality
 Gentiles (non-Jews) also convert to Christianity
 Debate over whether Christians should follow
Jewish law
 At first, Rome ignores Christianity

42.  Saul converted to Christianity on
the road to Damascus
 Expert in Jewish law
 Roman citizen. Why did this help?
 Took advantage of the Pax
Romana to spread Christianity
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4ZJxb4uW-E

43.  Gentiles need not follow Jewish law to be Christians
 Wrote epistles (letters) to churches he founded
throughout the Mediterranean
 Paul explained Christian beliefs and encouraged
conversion

44.  Arrested by the Romans in
Jerusalem
 60 AD: House arrest in
Rome for two years
 Dies in Rome
 Most influential Christian
missionary