Physics - Chapter 4

How to Use This Presentation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Resources Chapter Presentation Transparencies Standardized Test Prep Sample Problems Visual Concepts

Table of Contents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Forces and the Laws of Motion Chapter 4

Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],Section 1 Changes in Motion Chapter 4

Force Chapter 4 Section 1 Changes in Motion

Force ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 1 Changes in Motion

Comparing Contact and Field Forces Chapter 4 Section 1 Changes in Motion

Force Diagrams ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 1 Changes in Motion

Force Diagrams, continued ,[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 1 Changes in Motion A free-body diagram shows only the forces acting on the object of interest—in this case, the car. Force Diagram Free-Body Diagram

Drawing a Free-Body Diagram Chapter 4 Section 1 Changes in Motion

Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 2 Newton’s First Law Chapter 4

Newton’s First Law ,[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 2 Newton’s First Law

Net Force ,[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 2 Newton’s First Law Although several forces are acting on this car, the vector sum of the forces is zero. Thus, the net force is zero, and the car moves at a constant velocity.

Sample Problem ,[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 2 Newton’s First Law

Sample Problem, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 2 Newton’s First Law ,[object Object],[object Object]

Sample Problem, continued ,[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 2 Newton’s First Law Tip: To simplify the problem, always choose the coordinate system in which as many forces as possible lie on the x- and y-axes. Choose the x -axis parallel to and the y -axis perpendicular to the incline of the table, as shown in (a). This coordinate system is the most convenient because only one force needs to be resolved into x and y components.

Sample Problem, continued ,[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 2 Newton’s First Law Add both components to the free-body diagram, as shown in (c). Draw a sketch, as shown in (b), to help find the components of the vector F g . The angle  is equal to 180  – 90  – 35  = 55  .

Sample Problem, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 2 Newton’s First Law 4. Find the net force in both the x and y directions. Diagram (d) shows another free-body diagram of the book, now with forces acting only along the x - and y -axes. For the x direction:  F x = F g,x – F f  F x = 13 N – 11 N  F x = 2 N

Sample Problem, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 2 Newton’s First Law

Inertia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 2 Newton’s First Law

Mass and Inertia Chapter 4 Section 2 Newton’s First Law

Inertia and the Operation of a Seat Belt ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 2 Newton’s First Law

Equilibrium ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 2 Newton’s First Law

Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 3 Newton’s Second and Third Laws Chapter 4

Newton’s Second Law ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 3 Newton’s Second and Third Laws  F represents the vector sum of all external forces acting on the object, or the net force.

Newton’s Second Law Chapter 4 Section 3 Newton’s Second and Third Laws

Newton’s Third Law ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 3 Newton’s Second and Third Laws

Action and Reaction Forces ,[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 3 Newton’s Second and Third Laws Consider driving a nail into wood with a hammer. The force that the nail exerts on the hammer is equal and opposite to the force that the hammer exerts on the nail. But there is a net force acting on the nail, which drives the nail into the wood.

Newton’s Third Law Chapter 4 Section 3 Newton’s Second and Third Laws

Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 4 Everyday Forces Chapter 4

Weight ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 4 Everyday Forces

Weight, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 4 Everyday Forces

Comparing Mass and Weight Chapter 4 Section 4 Everyday Forces

Normal Force ,[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 4 Everyday Forces ,[object Object],[object Object]

Normal Force Chapter 4 Section 4 Everyday Forces

Friction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 4 Everyday Forces

Friction Chapter 4 Section 4 Everyday Forces

Friction Forces in Free-Body Diagrams ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 4 Everyday Forces

The Coefficient of Friction ,[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 4 Everyday Forces ,[object Object]

Chapter 4 Section 4 Everyday Forces

Sample Problem ,[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 4 Everyday Forces

Sample Problem, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 4 Everyday Forces

Sample Problem, continued ,[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 4 Everyday Forces 2. Plan Choose a convenient coordinate system, and find the x and y components of all forces. ,[object Object],[object Object]

Sample Problem, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 4 Everyday Forces

Sample Problem, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 4 Everyday Forces Tip: Remember to pay attention to the direction of forces. In this step, F g is subtracted from F n and F applied,y because F g is directed downward.

Sample Problem, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 4 Everyday Forces a = 0.12 m/s 2 to the right

Sample Problem, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 4 Everyday Forces

Air Resistance ,[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 4 Everyday Forces

Fundamental Forces ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 4 Section 4 Everyday Forces

Multiple Choice Standardized Test Prep Chapter 4 Use the passage below to answer questions 1–2. Two blocks of masses m 1 and m 2 are placed in contact with each other on a smooth, horizontal surface. Block m 1 is on the left of block m 2 . A constant horizontal force F to the right is applied to m 1 . 1. What is the acceleration of the two blocks? A. C. B. D.

Multiple Choice, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Standardized Test Prep Chapter 4

Multiple Choice, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Standardized Test Prep Chapter 4

Multiple Choice, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Standardized Test Prep Chapter 4 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Multiple Choice, continued ,[object Object],Standardized Test Prep Chapter 4 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Short Response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Standardized Test Prep Chapter 4

Short Response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Standardized Test Prep Chapter 4

Short Response, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 4 Base your answers to questions 10–12 on the information below. A 3.00 kg ball is dropped from rest from the roof of a building 176.4 m high.While the ball is falling, a horizontal wind exerts a constant force of 12.0 N on the ball. 11. How far from the building does the ball hit the ground?

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Short Response, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Short Response, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Short Response, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 4

Short Response, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 4 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Extended Response Standardized Test Prep Chapter 4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Extended Response Standardized Test Prep Chapter 4

Extended Response, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 4 17. You can keep a 3 kg book from dropping by pushing it horizontally against a wall. Draw force diagrams, and identify all the forces involved. How do they combine to result in a zero net force? Will the force you must supply to hold the book up be different for different types of walls? Design a series of experiments to test your answer. Identify exactly which measurements will be necessary and what equipment you will need.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Extended Response, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 4

Force Diagrams Chapter 4 Section 1 Changes in Motion

Inertia and the Operation of a Seat Belt Chapter 4 Section 2 Newton’s First Law

Physics - Chapter 4

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