2. 1. Quakers – a Protestant sect also known as the “Society of Friends”; begun in
England in the 1640s
2. staple crop – a crop that is always in demand
3. patroon – a “Lord” or landowner in the Dutch colonies
3. NEW YORK and NEW JERSEY
• New Netherland was founded by the Dutch in 1613 as a trading post
• The population grew due to large land grants to patroons, and because of
religious tolerance
• From 1647-1664, New Netherland was led by Dutch-born Peter Stuyvesant
• England’s King Charles II wanted control of the entire Atlantic Coast
• In 1664 an English fleet captured the colony, and it was renamed New York,
with its main town of New Amsterdam being renamed New York City
4.
5. • In 1664, Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley were made proprietors of
the New Jersey colony
• New Jersey’s population included Dutch, Swedish, Finnish, and Scottish settlers
• Through the end of the 1600s the fur trade was important to the economies of
both New York and New Jersey
6. PENNSYLVANIA and DELAWARE
• In 1681 King Charles II granted a charter to William Penn, who was a member of
the Society of Friends (a Quaker)
• The Quakers believed in equality of men and women, supported nonviolence
and religious tolerance, and disagreed with the practice of slavery
• Because of their beliefs, the Quakers were persecuted in England and in America
• Penn’s colony, called Pennsylvania, would be a safe place for Quakers, and
promised religious freedom to all Christians
• Penn established an elected assembly, which became an important example of
self-government
7. • Penn named the capital of his colony Philadelphia, the “city of brotherly love”
* By 1760, Philadelphia was the largest British colonial city
8. • In 1682 the Duke of York sold Penn a region south of Pennsylvania.
• The area was called Delaware, and was part of Pennsylvania until 1776
9. • Farmers in the Middle Colonies grew large amounts of staple crops such as
wheat, barley, and oats
• Slaves were important to the economy, working not only on farms, but as
blacksmiths, carpenters, and shipbuilders