2. Connecting the Dots
Instruksi:
• Sambungkan atau
hubungkan semua titik
dengan garis yang ada
(empat garis), tanpa satu
pun titik yang terlewati atau
tidak tersambung. Semua
titik harus tersambungkan
• Tidak boleh ada
penambahan garis.
• Gunakan daya kreativitas
Anda untuk menemukan
kesalinghubungan titik.
3.
4. Resource: Jane Henry (1991; von Stomm, 2003)
• Grace–the creativity comes through divine inspiration; it is something that comes
to us; the creativity by hiring people who are graced with divine inspiration.
• Accident–the creativity arises by serendipitous good fortune and various
scientific discoveries have been attributed to this kind of creativity (e.g.
Penicillin).
• Association–the creativity occurs through the application of procedures from
one area to another. Lateral thinking and brainstorming are methods supporting
this approach to creativity.
• Cognitive–the creativity is nothing special, but that it relies on normal cognitive
process such as recognition, reasoning and understanding. Under this view, the
role of ‘application’ is crucial. The emphasis here is on hardwork and
productivity, and proponents of this theory.
• Personality–the creativity is seen as a particular human ability, an intrinsic part
of life and growth. ‘Viewing creativity as a natural talent directs attention
towards removing mental barriers to creativity to allow an innate spontaneity to
flourish’.
Five Sources as the Origin of Creativity …
5. Sources as the Origin of Creativity ….
Peter Drucker, “The Discipline of Innovation”, Harvard Business Review, Agustus, 2002. hal. 95-103
• The unexpected occurences—peristiwa
yang tak terduga;
• Incongruence—ketidaksesuaian antara
ekspektasi dan realitas;
• The process of fulfillment—proses
pemenuhan kebutuhan.
• The market changes—perubahan pasar
yang sangat cepat;
• Demographic changes—perubahan
demografis;
• Perception changes—perubahan persepsi;
• The discovery of new technologies—
penemuan teknologi-teknologi baru.
6. Sources of Ideas for Organizations …..
The Importance of Different Sources. To gathering ideas from current
personnel, old ideas, research and concepts that were developed during
an organizations history can be used as a source of innovative ideas.
"What are the
most important
sources for
innovative
ideas?"
Resource: Verworn et al., 2000.
7. Sources of Ideas for Organizations ….
• Harvesting employee ideas. Employees who submit ideas receive
recognition such as a certificate or story in the company newsletter and
small non-monetary rewards (Baumgartner 2004; Das, Puri 2003).
• Ideas from suppliers and partners. Some companies have found that
establishing joint ventures and joint work facilities to enhance faceto-
face collaboration on problems to be helpful.
• Ideas from customers. Methods for
gathering ideas are highly dependent on
the nature of the product or service.
Some companies are able to tap into
consumer ideas by becoming
customers. Feedback surveys, customer
focus groups and blind preference
testing have value, but can lead to
skewed results.
8. Intrinsic Factors that Need to be Overcome …
Source: Nakamura and Csikzentmihaly, 2003: 258; Adams, 2005
1. Fear of Failure: To succeed in life one has to fail at one point of time, failure
motivate an individual to succeed, but too much of it could play a paralyzing
part.
2. Cultural Factors: In a society, conformity reigns such conformity to
conventions, a lack of initiation, resource availability and lack of playfulness
can ruin creativity.
3. Allergy to Complexity: Many individuals are not comfortable with ambiguity
situation. They tend to work better in a routine manner and don’t welcome
uncertain situation which would demand ingenuity.
4. Emotional Touchiness: This attribute of individual makes him afraid of
getting criticism and makes him shy away from an uncomfortable situation. His
ego gets hurt very easily and that holds low self- esteem.
5. Resource Myopia: This refers to not recognizing all of the resources available
at our disposal due to dependency on order, structure and predictable
routines.
6. Inflexible: Rigidity is having a firm approach to life and failure to adapt change
despite a need.
9. Source: Nakamura and Csikzentmihaly, 2003: 258; Adams, 2005
7. Imaginary Boundaries: Many of us impose too many boundaries and
constraints during creative brainstorming. Rules that we carry with us certainly
inhibit creativity and free flow of ideas.
8. Emotional Blocks: It is difficult to separate the head from the heart. When we
face a difficult situation outgut reaction often comes from an emotional
response. The intellect then kicks into reason with and support our initial
emotion-based solution. Some debilitating factors include an over
zealousness to succeed quickly, a lack of drive in carrying projects through to
completion and an inability to relax.
9. Perceptual Factors: The inability to come out from complacent situation or
object, makes the individual harder to see it differently. Many of us fail to use
all of our senses during observation. We have difficulty in isolating the
problem, and identifying remotely related factors.
10. Motivation: A person’s urge is the result of many forces, including family,
education, job, ambition and self confidence. Attention must be focused
towards flourishing healthy and creative motivations, while divisive ones must
be weeded out.
Intrinsic Factors that Need to be Overcome …
10. Identifying Three Components of Creativity ….
Expertise is, in a
word,
knowledge–
technical,
procedural, and
intellectual.
Motivation is generally
accepted as key to creative
production, and the most
important motivatioin are
intrinsic passion and interest
in the work itself.
Creative thinking
relates to how people
approach problems
and depends on
personality and
thinking/working place.
Creative thinking skills
determine how flexible
and imaginatively
people approach
problems.
Resource: Adams (2005)
11. • Motivation: a set of motivational attributes as
childlike curiosity, intrinsic interest, perserverance
bordering on obsession.
• Knowledge and expertise:
o in-depth experience;
o long-term focus in one spesific area allowes
people to build the technical expertise
• Creative thinking:
o comfort in disagreeing with others and trying
solutions that depart from status quo;
o combining knowledge from previously disparate
fields;
o ability to preservere through difficult problems
and dry spells;
o ability to step away from an effort and return later
with a fresh perspective.
“People will be
most creative
when they feel
motivated
primarily by the
interest,
satisfaction, and
challenge of the
work itself—and
not by external
pressure”
(Amabile, 2004: 78; Adams, 2005).
Source: Nakamura and Csikzentmihaly, 2003: 258; Adams, 2005
Identifying Three Components of Creativity ….
12. Knowledge refers to the
wealth of reference. Refers
to the wealth of experience
will be built along the
reference time. The
combination of knowledge
and experience is also a
crucial factor in the
creation of creativity.
Image is a tool threshers. Technical knowledge and experience the
happenings of the difficulty of removing the rice work spawned this creative
idea. Now the tool has resulted in hundreds of millions of dollars. Real
experience can be built in two ways: direct and indirect. Indirect
experience is often forgotten. To get it, reading about other people's
success stories, learn their ways of thinking, and take a lesson from every
occurrence becomes very important. In that way, we collect inspiring
experience.
13. The Creative for Problem Solving Skills …
1. Fluency: ability to produce many ideas (many of which may be fairly similar
or have the same kind of theme). Fluency can be developed by holding
creative thinking sessions at which ideas for a hundred different uses for
everyday objects (sponge, toothpick, eraser, brick, paper-clip, etc.) should be
generated.
2. Flexibility: ability to produce a varied mix of ideas (none or few of which are
similar or share the same kind of underlying theme). Flexibility can be
improved by listing fifty different kinds of uses for everyday objects and then
moving on to work on related challenges.
3. Elaboration: ability to add detail,depth,mixtures of viewpoints or
perspectives. Elaboration can be developed by describing something
(hobby,TV show,tree,cat,athletic event, etc.) in considerable detail,using all
the physical senses.
4. Originality: uniqueness, novelty, newness, creativeness (new) or
innovativeness (improvement of existing). Originality can be learned by
picking one common object and listing many new uses for it.
14. Identifying Myths about Creativity ….
1. Creativity Comes from Creative Types. Creativity is dependent on
experience, knowledge and technical skills, talent, the ability to think in
new ways and intrinsic motivation.
2. Money Is a Creativity Motivator. Employees need to feel that they are
compensated fairly.
3. Time Pressure Fuels Creativity. The only time they can eliminate or
reduce the distractions in their work environment and focus is when faced
with urgent deadlines.
4. Fear Forces Breakthroughs. The creativity is
positively associated with feelings of joy and
love, and negatively associated with anger, and
fear.
5. Competition Beats Collaboration. The
creativity and innovation are more likely to result
from collaboration between individuals and
teams within an organization.
15. 1. Risk taking is acceptable to management: kesalahan tidak berdampak pada
punishment secara langsung.
2. Employees have access to knowledge resources: Lebih mengutamakan
akses daripada sumber ilmu.
3. Innovators are rewarded: pemberlakuan apresiasi yang objektif, berkeadilan,
dan transparan.
4. Information is free flowing: terjadi hibridasi-kombinasi pemikiran.
5. New ideas and new ways of doing things are welcomed: ada dukungan dan
pembelaan atas sebuah ide terobosan.
Beyond Your Boundaries of Thinking …
6. Good ideas are supported by executive
patrons: terdapat mitra-patron dalam
mengeksekusi ide.
7. Curiosity: memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang
besar.
8. Connecting the dots at workplace: ada
kemampuan mengoneksi semua elemen.
16. The Eight Heuristic for Directed Creativity ….
1. Make it habit to purposefully pause and notice things.
2. Focus your creative energies on just few topic areas that you genuinely
care about and work on these purposely for several weeks or months.
3. Avoid being too narrow in the way you define your problem or topic
area, purposefully try broader definitions and see what insights you again.
4. Try to come up with original and useful ideas by making novel
associations among what you already know.
5. When you need creative ideas, remember: attention, escape,
movement.
6. Pause and carefully examine ideas that make you laugh the first time you
hear them.
7. Recognize that your streams of thought and patterns of judgment based
primarily on patterns from your past.
8. Make a deliberate effort to harvest, develop, and implement at least a few
of the ideas you generate.
Resources: Ryan and Oestrich (1991); Plsek (1997).
17. Spiritual Intelligence is concerned with
the inner life of mind and spirit and its
relationship to Being in the world.
Spiritual intelligence implies a capacity for
a deep understanding of existential
questions and insight into multiple levels of
consciousness. Spiritual intelligence also
implies awareness of spirit as the ground of
being or as the creative life force of
evolution (Vaughan, 2002)
Spiritual is an encounter with one's own "inner dimension”. Spiritual is
deepest values and meanings by which people live (Waaijman, Kees,
2002). In modern times the emphasis is on subjective experience
incorporating personal growth or transformation, usually in a context
separate from organized religious institutions.
Interrelation between the Spirituality and Creativity …
18. Self-
Belief
Self-
Values
Values
Frame of Mind
Frame of
Action
Self-
Belief
Self-
Values
Values of Society
or Corporate
“Injection” artinya proses pemahaman dan penanaman nilai-nilai yang harus
dapat dilaksanakan oleh seseorang yang dengannya ia akan membangun
dirinya menjadi pribadi bernilai dan berkarakter. Penanaman ini bermula dari
“self-belief” (dasar dari spiritualitas) yang tertanam kuat dalam diri individu.
Interrelation between the Spirituality and Creativity …
19. Integrity
Enthusiasm
G
R
O
W
T
H
Spirituality
Totality
Creativity
• Fit of Goodness
• Honesty
• Truthfulness
• Beyond your self
• Depth listening
• Depth thinking
• Depth seeing
• Hope
• Desire
• Passion
• Body
• Spirit
• Mental-attitude
• Organisasi
• Personal
Hospitality
sukses
goodman
Interrelation between the Spirituality and Creativity …
20. The Creativity Thinking and Problem Solving ….
1. Recognizing the task environment. The someone perceives the events,
interprets these events and recognises the nature of the task – e.g.notice
disquiet in the office and see that the task is to identify how the disquiet can
be resolved.
2. Transformation into the person’s problem space. Next one views the task
in a specific way.Here one has to be quite specific about the goal—what has
to be done,where one stands in relation to the goal,and what kinds of action
are needed in order to reach the goal.
3. Processing the data and moving towards the goal. Depending on how the
problem space has been conceived, one uses various kinds of information
given with the problem or drawn from memory to process the data so as to
move towards the problem solution.
Successful problem solving involves a search for the best problem space as well
as the best programme. Problem solving involves processing information.
Conceptualising problem solving in this way is a three-stage process.
Resource: Newell and Simon (1972)
21. Resource: Jane Henry (1991; von Stomm, 2003)
Problems
Look up the Theme of
the Problems in the
Index
References
Check
theme in
References
Stuckness
CPS Help
Solution
Found
Solve
Possible
cross
references
exist
No
Yes
Yes
No
The
Creativity
Thinking
and
Problem
Solving ….
22. Resource: Newell and Simon (1972)
1. Constantly analysing the environment to find
potential problems.
2. Objective finding – define the problem area.
3. Fact finding – gather information.
4. Problem finding – define the problem correctly.
5. Specifying assumptions.
6. Idea finding – generate solutions to the
problem.
7. Solution finding – evaluate and choose
between possible solutions.
8. Acceptance finding – implement chosen ideas
correctly.
9. Controlling to ensure that objectives are
achieved post-implementation .
Objective Finding
Fact Finding
Problems Finding
Ideas Finding
Solution Finding
Acceleration
Finding
The Creativity Thinking and Problem Solving ….
23. Success and failure are
unexpected. But, it is a
productive force
business innovation,
because a lot of people
ignore it ... and even
hate it.
Peter F. Drucker
