1. Bio fuels
An Alternate Fuel
Presented by
M usman
khurram iqbal
Ahmad naeem
Presented to
Dr. Naveed Ather

2. Introduction of Biofuels
Biofuel feedstock
Classification of Biofuels
Biodiesel
. Application of biodiesel
Advantages and Disadvantages of Biodiesel
References

3. • Biofuel is the fuel which is produced from organic
products and wastes.
• The common commercially used biofuels are
bioethanol, biodiesel and biomethane.

4. History
• In 1890s Rudolf Diesel was a first person who made biodiesel from
vegetable oil.
• In 1970s and 1980s environmental protection agency EPA situated
America suggested that fuel should be free from sulphur dioxide,
carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides.
• In 1998 EPA allowed the production of biofuel on commercial level
which was the alternative source of the petrol.
• In 2010 the production of biofuels reaches up to 105 billion liters
worldwide.
• In 2011, European countries were the largest that made biodiesel
almost about 53%. The international Energy Agency set a goal to
reduce the usage of petroleum and coal and will be switched on to
biofuels till 2050.

5. Soybean Corn Sugarcane Sugar beet
Switchgrass Jatropha Camelina Algae

6. Cassava Palm oil Certain fungi
Animal fat Agricultural wastes

7. Advantages of Biofuels over Fossil Fuels
• Lower emissions Green gas
• Renewable
• Biodegradable
• Safer

8. Bioethanol
Biobutanol
Biogas
biodiesel

10. Biodiesel
• Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel, is made from re-
new able biological sources such as vegetable oils
and animal fats.
• Similar to petroleum diesel fuel in structure (straight
chain) and number of carbon atoms (10 to 21)
• The Biodiesel can be prepared by Transesterification.

12. Biodiesel
Transesterification

13. Biodiesel from Different Oil
Plant Oil Alcohol Temperature Reaction Time Catalyst
Soybean and Ethyl 70 3 Hours NaOH
Castor (Brazil)
Wastes frying oil Methyl 60 1 Hours NaOH
Rapeseed Methyl 60 33 mins KOH
Sunflower Methyl 25 45 mins KOH

14. Fischer -Tropsch synthesis in the production of
biodiesel

15. Application of Biodiesel
• Railway usage
• Aircraft use
• As a heating oil
• Cleaning oil spills
• Biodiesel in generators
• Vehicles

16. Advantages-Disadvantages of Biodiesel
Can be used pure biodiesel B100. Biodiesel is significantly more
expensive compared to standard
diesel
Biodiesel has shorter ignition delay Biodiesel can release nitrogen oxide
compared to standard diesel which can lead to the formation of
smog.
Biodiesel has no sulfur content, and so Pure biodiesel has significant
it doesn't contribute to acid rain problems with low temperatures
formation
Biodiesel has good lubricating Food Shortage can be occurred
properties better than standard diesel
Advantages Disadvantages