ppt from cell to organisms

2. What are cells?
 What is a cell?
 Where do we find cells?
 Cell: a cell is a basic unit of structure and function of
life. In other words, cells make up living things and carry
out activities that keep a living thing alive

3. Unicellular
Organisms:
An organism that is made up of only one cell is
called as unicellular organism.
Euglena Paramecium Yeast

4. Multicellular
Organisms:
An organism that is made up of more than
one cell is called as multicellular organism.
Plant Animals Fungus

5. The Animal
Cell:
 Now the fun begins!!
 Animals are made up of many
different types of cells. The
structures I am about to introduce
to you are found in a typical cell.
 Please note: Not all animal cells
contain all the same structures.

6. Animal Cell
terms/Structures:
 Cell membrane: The cell membrane
surrounds the cell.
 Think of the membrane as a
gatekeeper, it only allows some
materials to pass through, but keeps
others out.
 Cytoplasm: This is a gel-like fluid, that
takes up most of the space inside a
cell.
 Cytoplasm kind of looks like Jell-O

7. Terms/Structures
continued:
 Nucleus: The nucleus is a structure usually tructure
usually located near the center of the cell.
 The nucleus is a home to the cell’s
 Chromosomes: They are genetic structures that
contain informant information to make new cells.
Basically, the instructions for how for how to make
new cells.

8. Terms/Structures
continued:
 Vacuoles:These are fluid-filled structures
used to store different substances. In animal
cells there are often many small vacuoles.
 Mitochondria: “Powerhouses” of the cell.
What do you think this means?
 This is a very important structure. They help
take the food the cell ate (for breakfast, lunch,
or dinner), and turn the it into energy. The
energy is needed to carry out activities.

9. The Plant
Cell:
 Here we go again!
 Plants cells have all of the structures
that animal cells do. But they also
have some structures that the animal
cell does not.
 Plant cells have a cell wall and
chloroplasts

10. The three new structures for a plant
cell :
 Cell Wall: This wall provides extra support for the cell and
gives it a shape. In other words, if there was no cell wall then
the cell would have no shape.
 Chloroplasts: These make food for the plant. They are
green.
 Chlorophyll: This is very important in making the food for the
plant. This structure takes in sunlight and makes sugar for the
plant to eat and become green

11. Bacterial Cell:
 Capsule
 Cell wall
 Plasma membrane
 Cytoplasm
 Flagellum
 Food granule
 Plasmid (DNA)
 Ribosomes
 Nucleoid
 Pili

12. Cell
wall:
 Non-living and outermost covering of a cell (plants
& bacteria)
 Can be tough, rigid and sometimes flexible
 Made up of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin
 May be thin or thick, multilayered structure
 Thickness varies from 50-1000 A
Function:
 Provides definite shape, strength & rigidity
 Prevents drying up(desiccation) of cells
 Helps in controlling cell expansion
 Protects cell from external pathogen

13. Nucleus:
 Dense spherical body located near the centre
of the cell
 Diameter varies from 10-25 µm
 Present in all the cells except red blood cells
and sieve tube cells
 Well developed in plant and animal cells
 Undeveloped in bacteria and blue-green
algae (cyanobacteria)
 Most of the cells are uninucleate (having
only one nucleus)
 Few types of cells have more than one
nucleus (skeletal muscle cells)

14. Nucleus:
 Nucleus has a double layered covering
called nuclear membrane
 Nuclear membrane has pores of diameter
about 80-100 nm
 Colorless dense sap present inside the
nucleus known as nucleoplasm
 Nucleoplasm contains round shaped
nucleolus and network of chromatin fibers
 Fibers are composed of deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA) and protein histone
 These fibers condense to form
chromosomes during cell division

15. Cytoplasm
:
 Jelly-like material formed by 80 % of water
 Present between the plasma membrane and the
nucleus
 Contains a clear liquid portion called cytosol and
various particles
 Particles are proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids,
lipids and inorganic ions
 Also contains many organelles with distinct
structure and function
 Some of these organelles are visible only under an
electron microscope
 Granular and dense in animal cells and thin in plant
cells

16. Vacuoles:
 Single membrane sac filled with liquid or sap
(water, sugar and ions)
 In animal cells, vacuoles are temporary, small in
size and few in number
 In plant cells, vacuoles are large and more in
number
 May be contractile or non-contractile
Function:
 Store various substances including waste products
 Maintain osmotic pressure of the cell
 Store food particles in amoeba cells
 Provide turgidity and rigidity to plant cells

17. Chloroplasts:
 Double membrane-bound organelles found mainly in
plant cells
 Usually spherical or discoidal in shape
 Shows two distinct regions-grana and stroma
 Grana are stacks of thylakoids (membrane bound,
flattened discs)
 Thylakoids contain chlorophyll molecules which are
responsible for photosynthesis
 Stroma is a colorless dense fluid
Function:
 Convert light energy into chemical energy in the form
of food
 Provide green colour to leaves, stems and vegetables

18. Animals cell Plant cell
1) Generally small in size 1) Generally large in size
2) Cell wall is absent 2) Cell wall is present
3) Plastids are absent 3) Plastids are present
4) Vacuoles are smaller in
size and less in number
4) Vacuoles are larger in size
size and more in number
5) Centrioles are present 5) Centrioles are absent
Animals VS Plant cells:

19. Jazak Allah
Presented by: Sir Muhammed
Ahmed