General information about Nanomedicine

1. NANOMEDICINE
Presented By:
MUKESH PRAJAPATI
B.PHARM

2. According to European Science Foundation (ESF)
nanomedicine defined as:
The science and technology of diagnosing,
treating and preventing disease and traumatic
injuries, of relieving pain, and improving human
health, using molecular tools and molecular
knowledge of human body.

3.  Nanoscience deals with research and technology
development at 1 nm to 100 nm range.
 “NANO” indicates 10⁻⁹
 NANOMETER is 10⁻⁹ meter
 A single human hair is around 8000nm
 A typical protien size lies between 3 to 10 nm
 Red blood cells are a standard size of about 6000-
9000 nm

4.  On December 29,1959, physicist Richard Feynman is
the first person who told about nanotechnology at an
American Physical Society meeting at caltech in his
lecture “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom”.
 Professor Norio Taniguchi of the Tokyo science
University, introduced the term “Nanotechnology” in
1974

5.  NANOEMULSION
 NANOSUSPENSION
 RESEALED ERYTHROCYTES
 LIPOSOMES
 DENDRIMERS

6.  Nanoemulsions are isotropic and kinetically stable
emulsion systems in which the oil droplets containing
the hydrophobic drug are stabilized by a thin layer of
emulsifier.
 They appear to be either transparent (droplet diameter
<200nm) or milky (droplet diameter ≈ 500nm) with the
mean droplet diameters ranging from 50 to 1000 nm.
 Types of Nanoemulsion:
Oil in water (o/w) type
Water in oil (w/o) type

7.  Phase Inversation Method
 Sonication Method
 High Pressure Homogenizer
 Microfluidzation

8.  A biphasic system consisting of pure drug particles
dispersed in an aqueous vehicle in which the diameter
of the suspended particle is less than 1μm in size.
Methods of prepartion of nanosuspention
 Bottom-up technology
 Top-down technology
• Media milling
• High pressure homogenization

9. Marketed products of nanosuspension
Product Drug Company Status
Tricor Fenofibrate Abbott 2004
Megace Megestrol
Aceyate
PAR
Pharmaceutical
2005
Rapamune Sirolimus Wyeth 2000
Emend Aprepitant Merck 2003

10. RESEALED ERYTHROCYTES
Resealed erythrocytes are the unique method of drugloading in the
body. In this the blood is collected from the patient separat the
RBC’s (erythrocytes)And the drug is loaded in erythrocytes and
again rediffuse in the blood of patient.
Methods of drug loading
 Menbrane perterbution
 Electro encapsulation
 Endocytosis
 Hypo-osmoticlysis
 Dilution method
 Dialysis method
 Pre swell method
 Osmoticlysis

11. Electro Encapsulation Endocytosis
Dilution Method Dialysis Method

12. Pre swell Method Osmoticlysis

13.  Liposome (meaning lipid body) are spherical
microscopic vesicels composed of one or more
concentric lipid bilayers, separated by water or aqueous
buffer compartments with a diameter ranging from
25nm to 10000nm.
 They are commonly composed of one or more
amphiphilic phospholipid bilayer membranes (and thus
also called as phospholipid vesicles) that can entrap
both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs.

14. Classification of liposomes
MLV(Multilamellar Vesicels) : 5-20 layers. They have a diameter of
more than 5000 nm.
OLV(Olegolamellar Vesicles) : 2 to 5 bilayers. They have a diameter of
100 – 1000 nm.
MVV(Multi vesicular Vesicles) :These have multi compartmental
structures and have diameter more than 1000 nm.
ULV(Unilamellar Vesicles) : Single bilayer of lipid. These may be
further classified on the basis of their size into –
1.SUV(Small Unilamellar Vesicles) of size 20 to 40 nm.
2.MUV(Medium Unilamellar Vesicles) of size 40 to 80 nm.
3.LUV(Large Unilamellar Vesicles) of size 100 to 1000 nm.
4.GUV(Giant Unilamellar Vesicles) of size greater than 1000 nm

15. Methods of preparation of liposomes
•Mechanical dispersion method.
•Solvent dispersion method.
•Detergent removal method (removal of nonencapsulated
material) .

16.  Highly branched macromolecules
 Capable of encapsulating
 High loading capacity
 Highly stable

17.  Mono dispersive
 The terminal group effect solubility
 Low compressibility
 Interior layer encapsulates drug molecule
 Dendrimers with hydrophilic group are
soluble in polar solvents and with
hydrophobic group are soluble in non-polar
solvents.

18. Product Company Status
Vivagel Starpharma Phase 3 clinical trial
Priostar Starpharma Marketed
Priofect Starpharma Marketed
Astramol Starpharma Marketed
Marketed products of dendrimers

19.  Drug delivery to the exact location.
 Lesser side effects.
 No surgery required.
 Diseases can be easily cured.
 Less amount of drug is needed.

20.  High cost.
 Short shelf life.
 Highly potent drugs not given.
 Toxicity chances increase.

21.  https://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/what/definition (5 march 2018 at 5 pm)
 Brahmankar D.M., Jaiswal S.B., “Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics a
treatise” First edition, 1995, vallabh prakashan , delhi, page no.481-483,490.
 Srinivasa-Gopalan S, Yarema KJ: Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences:
Dendrimers in Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Volume 7. New York: Wiley;
2007.
 Klajnert B, Bryszewska M: Dendrimers: properties and applications. Acta Biochim
Pol 2001, 48:199–208.
 Tomalia DA, Frechet JMJ: Discovery of dendrimers and dendritic polymers: a brief
historical perspective. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 2002, 40:2719–2728.
 Tomalia DA: The dendritic state. Mater Today 2005, 8:34–36.