Education lies at a peculiar crossroad in society. With the advent of the internet education is change and culture is changing with it. A look at how education will be changed by e-learning solutions in Africa.

1. Shifting Culture
Investing in innovation in E-Learning

2. Culture is shifting
• The arts and other manifestations of human intellectual
achievement regarded collectively."20th century popular
culture“
• the ideas, customs, and social behaviour of a particular
people or society

3. General Background
• The world has entered the digital age
• 42% of all births will be in Africa
• 85% of Africans have mobile phones
• About 11 million people in Zimbabwe have mobile phones
• Increasingly complex world
• Pervasion of mobility and internet in Africa and Zimbabwe

4. Zimbabwe’s Population Structure
• 48% of Zimbabwe’s
population under 18
• 51% live in rural areas
• 46% of these are female
• 2/3 of Zimbabwe’s
population resides in rural
areas.

5. Basic Education in Zimbabwe
• Net attendance rate in Primary
school
• Urban (90%)
• Rural (86%)
• Net attendance rate Secondary
• Urban (72%)
• Rural (44%)
• Population at school as increased
by 1.1% between 2002 and 2012
• 6.7m persons were of the school
going age between 3 to 24 years,,
males constituted
• Males 49% and females 51%.

6. Tertiary Education
• Increased enrolment in
universities
• Total 64k = 0.40% total pop (2012)
• Enrolment teacher training
colleges
• Total 19k = 0.12% (2012)
• Enrolment technical colleges
• Total 17k = 0.11% (2012)
• Enrolment vocational training
colleges.
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
numbers
years
University Education enrolment
Male Female

7. Other forms of education
• Basic literacy program
• Functional literacy program
• Zimbabwe Adult Basic Education
Course
• Part-time Continuing Education
Classes (PTCEC)

8. Out of school
• National out of school
average 7.6% (including
dropouts and never
been to school)
• Rural average 8.7%
• Urban: 4.8%

9. Government Expenditure on Education
• Total budget = 4bil
• Primary & Secondary
= 19%
• Tertiary = 7%
-
500,000,000
1,000,000,000
1,500,000,000
2,000,000,000
2,500,000,000
3,000,000,000
3,500,000,000
4,000,000,000
4,500,000,000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Expenditure on Education as a % of GVT
Expenditure
Total Government Expenditure US Expenditure on Pre-primary, Primary & Secondary Education (US$)
Expenditure on Tertiary Education (US$) % Expenditure on Pre-primary, Primary & Secondary Education
% Expenditure on Tertiary Education

10. Key Insights
• Skills gap based on tertiary education enrolment
• Quality and content of Curriculum
• Access to learning (rural vs urban)
• Use of technology in learning
• Government expenditure focused on Primary Education
• No mention of E-Learning in government budget
• Technology influencing behaviour and vice versa

11. Key Drivers for E-learning
• increasing mobile penetration
• Improved access to internet connectivity
• Growth patterns of FANG (Facebook, Amazon, Netflix and Google)
• Expansion of digital world and our digital footprints
• The emergence of augmented and virtual reality devices
• IoT(Internet of Things)

12. Challenges
• Public ICT Infrastructure ( 0.15% of budget allocated to
Ministry ICT)
• About USD299m =7.4% dedicated to ICT infrastructure
• Cost of access to ICT high
• Cost of data
• Content creation (video, images, text and audio)
• Mode and methods of Distribution of content

13. Mobile prepaid tariffs
US$0.00
US$0.05
US$0.10
US$0.15
US$0.20
US$0.25
Morocco Zimbabwe Tanzania South Africa Nigeria Uganda Algeria Tunisia Ghana Mauritius Ethiopia Kenya Egypt
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Tariffs

14. Cost of internet (megabits/sec in USD)
Country,
Average price for megabit/sec per
country USD/month
Chad, US$3,036
Cameroon, US$2,058
Mali, US$1,108
Niger, US$603
Lesotho, US$599
Guinea-Bissau, US$576
Burkina Faso, 377
Benin, 360
Comoros, 347
Togo, 326
Tanzania, 246
Madagascar, 192
Namibia, 175
Angola, 166
Djibouti, 163
Ethiopia, 139
Nigeria, 134
Botswana, 117
Zambia, 111
Senegal, 109
Cote d'Ivoire, 107
Somalia, 100
Mauritania, 99
Kenya, 87
Mozambique, 67
Sudan, 60
Zimbabwe, 59
South Africa, 55
Gabon, 51
Mauritius, 47
Malawi, 20
Ghana, 7

15. Who drives innovation
Degree of public
awareness
Global
national
Multiple
Local
individual
Few cases
Emerging
issues
trends mainstream
Scientists
intellectuals
Artists
Media Government

16. Transformation takesplace whena new worldview replaces
an old one.
—WILLIAM MILLER

17. Investing in aspects of E-learning

18. Content creation/creators
• ARTISTS (inspiring introspection)
• INTELLECTUALS (formulating thoughts and research)
• SCIENTISTS (Creating how to content)
• ACADEMICS (Universities producing journals)
• Sector specific content
• Harnessing, leveraging and digitizing local knowledge systems

19. Content distribution
• Technopreneurs creating distribution channels
• Programmers designing applications
• Access to relevant and affordable devices
• Sector specific distribution channels

20. Sector investment
• Banks and private sector involvement in developing E-learning
contexts
• Universities commercialising research and making it palatable to
wider audience
• Investment into alternative forms of learning by educational sector

21. Key considerations for the future
• ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT – job creation and up skilling (Glo-cal
/born global companies)
• ACADEMIA: applied research for different age groups (TED)
• GOVERNMENT – future focused policies and regulations that embrace
innovation and new technology (Estonia and Finland)
• INDUSTRY AND PRIVATE SECTOR: investment in digital learning
frameworks and infrastructure including hardware (BRCK Kenya)
• HOUSEHOLDS/ COMMUNITIES – foster a culture of learning
leveraging technology (Japan/China)

22. The Future of Education
CLASSROOM
single teacher addressing dozens of
students
STUDIO
Peer to peer learning environments
VIRTUAL
Disembodied learning environments
not affected by physicality or
geography
2020: student exchange via
digitized classrooms
2012-2020: increased used of
mobile technology
2012: Information moves outside
of the classroom
2020: classrooms will be replaced
by virtual environments and
studios
2020: changes in peer
collaboration and learning
2020: development and
implementation of assessment
algorithms
2030: instruction becomes project
performance and portfolio based
2020: Increased ubiquity of
communication technologies
2030: education becomes
continuous interconnected effort

23. Key Technologies
• Digitized classrooms: dispersing tech throughout learning and classroom
experience
• Gamification: change in grading systems (instant feedback to acquired
knowledge through achievements)
• Open sourcing: access to up-to-date knowledge repositories
• Disintermediation: changing the teacher/student model
• Virtual and augmented reality: use of emerging wearable, smart and IOT
gadgets for learning
• Tangible computing: using intelligent and smart objects
• Artificial intelligence: digital teachers
• 3D Printing

24. Working Methodology for FUTURE
Developments
SCIENCE Fiction IDEA CONCEPT PROTOTYPE PRODUCT

25. Education lies at a peculiar crossroad in society. On one hand it
has the responsibility of anticipating real life skills by preparing
us for an increasingly complex world but education
methodologies can only be formalized after practices have
been defined.
Michel Zappa

26. Thank you