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1. Human Exploration & Operations
Mission Directorate
Demonstration of Autonomous Rendezvous
Technology (DART) Risk Management Case Study
J. Steven Newman D.Sc.
NASA Human Exploration & Operations
Risk & Knowledge Management Support Team
ARES Corporation
David Lengyel
Manager – NASA Human Exploration & Operations
Risk & Knowledge Management
2. Welcome to the DART Case Study
What is this? How is this going to work?
• This case study explores the • 15 min intro by facilitator and
history of the DART mission video (if www available)
and examines how changes in • Charts
risk posture and management • Text Case
expectations created unique • 20 min small group discussion
challenges • 5 min to build your summary
discussion charts
Who is it for? • Markers & Flip Charts
• This case study is intended to provided
aid program and project • 15 minute out-brief and large
managers in making risk group discussion
informed decisions
Be thinking? – Take Notes!
• What are the key risks?
• How might the risks be
mitigated?
• Would I proceed post CDR? 2
3. The DART Project
Dart was initiated as a Class D, Low Cost, High Risk
Technology Demonstrator Mission
• Goal: Demonstrate that a pre-programmed
and unaided spacecraft could independently rendezvous with
a satellite
• Need: Advance the technology readiness level of a
capability necessary to support future autonomous resupply
of the International Space Station (ISS)
• Other Objectives:
• Provide results to support DoD DARPA Orbital Express
Project
• Provide results to support USAF Experimental Small
Satellite Project
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4. The DART Mission Plan
27 objectives for a successful mission
Four mission phases
Launch and Early Orbit Phase
• Launch from carrier aircraft to initial
parking orbit
Rendezvous Phase
• Thrusters fire DART into phase 2
orbit below satellite
Proximity Operations Phase
• Move into satellite’s orbit
• AVGS activation at waypoint
• Perform close-range maneuvers
Departure and Retirement Phase
• Retire into short-lifetime orbit
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6. Cost & Schedule Constraints
Cost Pressures
• Cost doubled with additional testing
• Standing army costs with delays for launch
vehicle loads analysis
Schedule pressures
• Cancellation / gate reviews
• MUBLCOM control issues
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7. Other Constraints
• Very small technical team
• Contract providing limited government oversight/insight
• Experience mixed / limited
• Acceptance of risk in the initial verification approach
• Limited systems engineering support
• Changes in management risk
posture
• Late changes
• Launch vehicle
• Software
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9. Flight Systems Interactions
GPS and AVGS collect navigation data
Flight computer estimates position, velocity, bearing, and attitude
based on sensor input
Flight computer issues commands to maneuvering thrusters
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10. Exercise: CDR Decision Point
• The time is January 2003 – shortly after CDR
• The DART Project had been shifted from 2nd Gen to the Orbital
Space Plane (OSP) program
• NASA senior management has announced that the DART Project
is now a high priority, low risk mission - Class B
– The autonomous rendezvous and docking capability has been
determined to be essential for commercial ISS resupply
missions
• Given that 300 problems and issues were identified in the critical
design review – indicating potential risks and problems – Agency
senior management has called for a top level review at NASA
Headquarters in Washington
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11. Risk Posture Exercise
Your job is to prepare a 3-Chart briefing for NASA
senior management concerning next steps for the
DART Project. Your briefing will address: 20 Min
Discussion
• Chart 1: Top DART Risks
• Chart 2: Proposed Mitigation Approaches 5 Min Build
• Chart 3: Recommendations Charts
• Proceeding to the Design Certification Review or cancelling the
mission
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