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DECISION-MAKING IN A CRISIS:
COLLABORATION AND MERGER
20 AUGUST 2020
WELCOME AND INTRODUCTIONS
• Josie Hinton, Capacity building programmes manager, NCVO
• Philip Kirkpatrick, Partner, Head of charity and social enterprise
department, Bates Wells
• Erica Crump, Partner, Charity and social enterprise department,
Bates Wells
• Alex Skailes, Director at the Centre for Charity Effectiveness,
Cass Business School
WHEN SHOULD A CHARITY IN
CRISIS CONSIDER MERGER?
PHILIP KIRKPATRICK
THE SIMPLE ANSWER….
Before the crisis…..
But assuming that is too late:
WHAT KIND OF CRISIS?
Financial
Where the circumstances pose an immediate or imminent threat to the
organisation’s:
• Existence (insolvency); or
• Ability to operate effectively
Insolvency
Unable to pay debts as they fall due or assets worth less than liabilities
An understandable truth: many mergers are undertaken or considered either
in, or to avoid, an imminent crisis
WHY DO WE WAIT FOR A CRISIS?
• We like what we do
• We like the way we do it
• We like to think we do it quite well
• We like things the way they are
• We trust ourselves and those closest to us more than others
• We like to maintain our own authority/autonomy
• We value the culture that we have become part of
• Disruption is time-consuming, unpleasant and wasteful
• Merger creates risk
• We don’t anticipate crises
All valid but not all purpose/beneficiary/outcome-focused
POLL 1.
Are you actively considering merger?
1. Yes
2. No
3. Maybe
MERGER: POSITIVE THOUGHTS
• Could our combined capabilities improve outcomes?
• Could we be better governed?
• Could we be better managed?
• What more income could we get?
• What costs could we save?
• What will it cost?
MERGER: NEGATIVE THOUGHTS
• What will my role be?
• Will I have a role?
• How do I protect my team’s influence?
• How do I preserve our culture?
• Will there be redundancies?
• What shall we call it?
Again, all valid but not purpose/beneficiary/outcome-focused
MERGER STAGES
• Find your partner
• Early discussions
• Confidentiality agreement
• Deeper discussions:
• Compatibility of purposes
• Principles of structure:
• A to B?
• B to A?
• A+B to C?
• Parent/subsidiary?
• Principles of operations: who/what/how
MERGER STAGES
• Heads of terms (dealing with the above)
• Due diligence
• Seeking regulatory approvals (if any)
• Consent from funders
• Consent from important contracting parties
• Consultation with employees
• Drafting transfer agreement:
• Passing over assets
• Indemnifying in relation to liabilities
MERGER STAGES
• Member approval?
• Board approval
• Completion
• Notices
• Wash-up
DUE-DILIGENCE
• What assets are there?
• What are they worth?
• What are the business prospects?
• What liabilities are there?
• What are they worth?
• Other risks
• Other sticking points
HOW MUCH TIME HAVE YOU GOT?
• Insolvent organisation has much lower chance of achieving merger
• Also, very little bargaining power
• May be better for prospective partner to let it fail
• Not a great place to be
IS A MERGER FOR YOU?
• If so, start work now
• Don’t wait for a crisis
• Gather relevant data
• Work for best outcome with best partner
• Start preparing – what makes your organisation suitable/attractive?
• Build merger case OR consider other options…
CONSIDERING COLLABORATING IN A
CRISIS
ERICA CRUMP
COLLABORATION
• Why collaborate
• Different collaboration structures
• Case studies
WHY COLLABORATE?
• Share risk/strength in numbers
• Reduce costs/increase funds
• Sharing skills or knowledge
• Increased presence or digital
• Better services/preserve or prevent ceasing
• Opportunities from funders, stakeholders
OPTIONS FOR COLLABORATION
Hiving off
activities
Group
Structure
Full Merger
POLL 2
Collaboration options include entering into an informal alliance, a
collaboration agreement and setting up a new joint venture
entity. How many of these has your organisation done in the past?
1. None
2. One
3. Two
4. All three
INFORMAL ALLIANCE
* Can (later) formalise the alliance through rules,
association/membership body or contract
CASE STUDY
The informal vs formal alliances – a group of organisations coming together
for better reach and impact during the crisis.
‘Let’s not stifle all the benefits with red tape…!’
‘We want there to be voting, democracy and accountability – and the ability to
go after funding’
COLLABORATION AGREEMENT
Why? But
Clear record of responsibilities
and division of risk/liability
Risk of project not ringfenced in
separate entity
No separate legal entity to
establish/run
Arguably less focused than
having a standalone JV
Easy to amend as collaboration
progresses
One party may need to take on
the lead (for example, with a
funder)
Can tailor agreement to needs
(simple and complex)
No separate entity for assets
WHAT CAN THE COLLABORATION AGREEMENT ADDRESS?
WHAT CAN THE COLLABORATION AGREEMENT ADDRESS?
CASE STUDY
The digital collaboration – a collaboration of third sector, commercial and
educational organisations to create a digital software product; aiming for
stage two joint venture
• The funder wanted it
• Strength in numbers
• Sharing risk
• The role of the lead partner
• Clear obligations
• Complex exit strategy
• No JV for the IP!
JOINT VENTURE ENTITY
Advantages Disadvantages
Sometimes required by
funder or commissioner
Expense/administration of
setting up and managing a
new entity
Ring-fenced risk(?) Funder/commissioner may
require parent guarantees
Clear purpose/branding? Harder to exit
Separate legal entity which
can own IP and employ staff –
has its own board
No goodwill/reputation in the
JV
JVFunder
Parent
B
Parent
A
Why?
• Preserve activities and assets for
charitable/philanthropic purposes
• Cut costs
• Better service
• Re-focus
But?
• Loss of control
• May not be able to preserve all assets/staff
• May be complexities around transfer
HIVING OFF ACTIVITIES
CASE STUDY
The hive out and slow wind down – registered charity to
commercial purchaser and successor registered charity
• Need fair valuation of assets pre commercial purchase
• Can be complex to transfer IP/other assets
• Who will enforce?
• Be comfortable with loss of control
• Due diligence needed
SOME REFLECTIONS….
ALEX SKAILES
NO RIGHT OR WRONG WAY….SOME THOUGHTS
• Clarity of purpose; Understand your long term impact; know
the added collective value – your impact and wider social value
• Leadership, individual and collective
• Time strengthens your negotiating position; Strategic moves
best done before urgency arises.
“everything we do depends for its quality on the
thinking we do first”
Nancy Kline,1999
‘Ease creates. Urgency destroys’
SPECIFICS TO CONSIDER BEFORE ENTERING MERGER OR
COLLABORATIVE WORKING DISCUSSIONS
• Realism
• Attractiveness?
• Putting your house in order
• Driven by your beneficiaries needs – know your ‘glue’, WHY?
• What do you have to offer? What is it worth?
• How do you demonstrate? – stats and stories
• How well do you know your partner……and yourself?
HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW YOURSELF AND YOUR
PARTNER?
Give Get
Give upGetover
Do your homework but avoid entering into analysis/paralysis mode
ASK THE DIFFICULT QUESTIONS, DON’T STAY IN YOUR
COMFORT ZONE
The original
decision maker
is leaving
How do we get
out of this?
What will happen
to shared
property?
How does this fit
with our metrics?
Who will be the
CEO/collaborative
lead?
How do we tell our
founder?
Can we
subcontract?
How do we mirror the
funding agreement
with our Heads of
Term?
How many seats
will we get on
the Board?
How many
redundancies will
we need?
How can we
keep our name?
WHAT OTHER STRATEGIES ARE THERE?
Part of full closure? How can we do endings well?
Throughout one needs to
• Build trust – multi layered, many stakeholders
• Communicate constructively and communicate, communicate,
communicate
• It’s about taking those decisions that can make the biggest
difference and which are sometimes very unpalatable
Courage, commitment, communication and above all an
understanding of common purpose
QUESTIONS
KEY RESOURCES
• NCVO Knowhow merger guidance
• Bates Wells: A brief guide to mergers
• Bates Wells: Crisis Decision Tool
• IVAR/Bates Wells publication: Thinking about merger during
Covid-19
• CASS CCE’s free resources page
• Sayer Vincent Mergers made simple guide
• Challenges in Contemporary Governance Chair/Chief Executive:
working together to build resilience, Cass CCE (2020)
• The Art of Exit, Nesta (2012)
NCVO PRACTICAL SUPPORT OFFER
All organisations can access our NCVO Knowhow guidance, tools and resources.
Check out our NEW online training on NCVO’s training platform.
Watch out for our series of webinars in partnership with Zurich on risk management
Recording and signposting to relevant material will be sent round.
We would love to hear your feedback.
NCVO champions the voluntary sector and volunteer
movement to create a better society.
We connect, represent and support over 15,000
voluntary sector member organisations, from the
smallest community groups to the largest charities.
This helps our members and their millions of volunteers
make the biggest difference to the causes they believe
in.
• Search for NCVO membership
• Visit www.ncvo.org.uk/join
• Email membership@ncvo.org.uk
40

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Decision making in a crisis: Collaboration and merger

  • 1. DECISION-MAKING IN A CRISIS: COLLABORATION AND MERGER 20 AUGUST 2020
  • 2. WELCOME AND INTRODUCTIONS • Josie Hinton, Capacity building programmes manager, NCVO • Philip Kirkpatrick, Partner, Head of charity and social enterprise department, Bates Wells • Erica Crump, Partner, Charity and social enterprise department, Bates Wells • Alex Skailes, Director at the Centre for Charity Effectiveness, Cass Business School
  • 3. WHEN SHOULD A CHARITY IN CRISIS CONSIDER MERGER? PHILIP KIRKPATRICK
  • 4. THE SIMPLE ANSWER…. Before the crisis….. But assuming that is too late:
  • 5. WHAT KIND OF CRISIS? Financial Where the circumstances pose an immediate or imminent threat to the organisation’s: • Existence (insolvency); or • Ability to operate effectively Insolvency Unable to pay debts as they fall due or assets worth less than liabilities An understandable truth: many mergers are undertaken or considered either in, or to avoid, an imminent crisis
  • 6. WHY DO WE WAIT FOR A CRISIS? • We like what we do • We like the way we do it • We like to think we do it quite well • We like things the way they are • We trust ourselves and those closest to us more than others • We like to maintain our own authority/autonomy • We value the culture that we have become part of • Disruption is time-consuming, unpleasant and wasteful • Merger creates risk • We don’t anticipate crises All valid but not all purpose/beneficiary/outcome-focused
  • 7. POLL 1. Are you actively considering merger? 1. Yes 2. No 3. Maybe
  • 8. MERGER: POSITIVE THOUGHTS • Could our combined capabilities improve outcomes? • Could we be better governed? • Could we be better managed? • What more income could we get? • What costs could we save? • What will it cost?
  • 9. MERGER: NEGATIVE THOUGHTS • What will my role be? • Will I have a role? • How do I protect my team’s influence? • How do I preserve our culture? • Will there be redundancies? • What shall we call it? Again, all valid but not purpose/beneficiary/outcome-focused
  • 10. MERGER STAGES • Find your partner • Early discussions • Confidentiality agreement • Deeper discussions: • Compatibility of purposes • Principles of structure: • A to B? • B to A? • A+B to C? • Parent/subsidiary? • Principles of operations: who/what/how
  • 11. MERGER STAGES • Heads of terms (dealing with the above) • Due diligence • Seeking regulatory approvals (if any) • Consent from funders • Consent from important contracting parties • Consultation with employees • Drafting transfer agreement: • Passing over assets • Indemnifying in relation to liabilities
  • 12. MERGER STAGES • Member approval? • Board approval • Completion • Notices • Wash-up
  • 13. DUE-DILIGENCE • What assets are there? • What are they worth? • What are the business prospects? • What liabilities are there? • What are they worth? • Other risks • Other sticking points
  • 14. HOW MUCH TIME HAVE YOU GOT? • Insolvent organisation has much lower chance of achieving merger • Also, very little bargaining power • May be better for prospective partner to let it fail • Not a great place to be
  • 15. IS A MERGER FOR YOU? • If so, start work now • Don’t wait for a crisis • Gather relevant data • Work for best outcome with best partner • Start preparing – what makes your organisation suitable/attractive? • Build merger case OR consider other options…
  • 16. CONSIDERING COLLABORATING IN A CRISIS ERICA CRUMP
  • 17. COLLABORATION • Why collaborate • Different collaboration structures • Case studies
  • 18. WHY COLLABORATE? • Share risk/strength in numbers • Reduce costs/increase funds • Sharing skills or knowledge • Increased presence or digital • Better services/preserve or prevent ceasing • Opportunities from funders, stakeholders
  • 19. OPTIONS FOR COLLABORATION Hiving off activities Group Structure Full Merger
  • 20. POLL 2 Collaboration options include entering into an informal alliance, a collaboration agreement and setting up a new joint venture entity. How many of these has your organisation done in the past? 1. None 2. One 3. Two 4. All three
  • 21. INFORMAL ALLIANCE * Can (later) formalise the alliance through rules, association/membership body or contract
  • 22. CASE STUDY The informal vs formal alliances – a group of organisations coming together for better reach and impact during the crisis. ‘Let’s not stifle all the benefits with red tape…!’ ‘We want there to be voting, democracy and accountability – and the ability to go after funding’
  • 23. COLLABORATION AGREEMENT Why? But Clear record of responsibilities and division of risk/liability Risk of project not ringfenced in separate entity No separate legal entity to establish/run Arguably less focused than having a standalone JV Easy to amend as collaboration progresses One party may need to take on the lead (for example, with a funder) Can tailor agreement to needs (simple and complex) No separate entity for assets
  • 24. WHAT CAN THE COLLABORATION AGREEMENT ADDRESS?
  • 25. WHAT CAN THE COLLABORATION AGREEMENT ADDRESS?
  • 26. CASE STUDY The digital collaboration – a collaboration of third sector, commercial and educational organisations to create a digital software product; aiming for stage two joint venture • The funder wanted it • Strength in numbers • Sharing risk • The role of the lead partner • Clear obligations • Complex exit strategy • No JV for the IP!
  • 27. JOINT VENTURE ENTITY Advantages Disadvantages Sometimes required by funder or commissioner Expense/administration of setting up and managing a new entity Ring-fenced risk(?) Funder/commissioner may require parent guarantees Clear purpose/branding? Harder to exit Separate legal entity which can own IP and employ staff – has its own board No goodwill/reputation in the JV JVFunder Parent B Parent A
  • 28. Why? • Preserve activities and assets for charitable/philanthropic purposes • Cut costs • Better service • Re-focus But? • Loss of control • May not be able to preserve all assets/staff • May be complexities around transfer HIVING OFF ACTIVITIES
  • 29. CASE STUDY The hive out and slow wind down – registered charity to commercial purchaser and successor registered charity • Need fair valuation of assets pre commercial purchase • Can be complex to transfer IP/other assets • Who will enforce? • Be comfortable with loss of control • Due diligence needed
  • 31. NO RIGHT OR WRONG WAY….SOME THOUGHTS • Clarity of purpose; Understand your long term impact; know the added collective value – your impact and wider social value • Leadership, individual and collective • Time strengthens your negotiating position; Strategic moves best done before urgency arises.
  • 32. “everything we do depends for its quality on the thinking we do first” Nancy Kline,1999 ‘Ease creates. Urgency destroys’
  • 33. SPECIFICS TO CONSIDER BEFORE ENTERING MERGER OR COLLABORATIVE WORKING DISCUSSIONS • Realism • Attractiveness? • Putting your house in order • Driven by your beneficiaries needs – know your ‘glue’, WHY? • What do you have to offer? What is it worth? • How do you demonstrate? – stats and stories • How well do you know your partner……and yourself?
  • 34. HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW YOURSELF AND YOUR PARTNER? Give Get Give upGetover Do your homework but avoid entering into analysis/paralysis mode
  • 35. ASK THE DIFFICULT QUESTIONS, DON’T STAY IN YOUR COMFORT ZONE The original decision maker is leaving How do we get out of this? What will happen to shared property? How does this fit with our metrics? Who will be the CEO/collaborative lead? How do we tell our founder? Can we subcontract? How do we mirror the funding agreement with our Heads of Term? How many seats will we get on the Board? How many redundancies will we need? How can we keep our name?
  • 36. WHAT OTHER STRATEGIES ARE THERE? Part of full closure? How can we do endings well? Throughout one needs to • Build trust – multi layered, many stakeholders • Communicate constructively and communicate, communicate, communicate • It’s about taking those decisions that can make the biggest difference and which are sometimes very unpalatable Courage, commitment, communication and above all an understanding of common purpose
  • 38. KEY RESOURCES • NCVO Knowhow merger guidance • Bates Wells: A brief guide to mergers • Bates Wells: Crisis Decision Tool • IVAR/Bates Wells publication: Thinking about merger during Covid-19 • CASS CCE’s free resources page • Sayer Vincent Mergers made simple guide • Challenges in Contemporary Governance Chair/Chief Executive: working together to build resilience, Cass CCE (2020) • The Art of Exit, Nesta (2012)
  • 39. NCVO PRACTICAL SUPPORT OFFER All organisations can access our NCVO Knowhow guidance, tools and resources. Check out our NEW online training on NCVO’s training platform. Watch out for our series of webinars in partnership with Zurich on risk management Recording and signposting to relevant material will be sent round. We would love to hear your feedback.
  • 40. NCVO champions the voluntary sector and volunteer movement to create a better society. We connect, represent and support over 15,000 voluntary sector member organisations, from the smallest community groups to the largest charities. This helps our members and their millions of volunteers make the biggest difference to the causes they believe in. • Search for NCVO membership • Visit www.ncvo.org.uk/join • Email membership@ncvo.org.uk 40