Physikos 5: K Parker and E Swinbank

1. Teaching physics in a New Zealand context Elizabeth Swinbank and Kerry Parker University of York UK / Te Aho o Te Kura Pounamu NZIP 2011

2. NZC 2007

3. The NZC – context elaborations

6. At Te Kura…

9. Salters Horners Advanced Physics (SHAP) Context-led physics for students aged 16-19 A two-year programme (4-5 hours/week) leading to university entrance qualification Supported by published materials

11. Developing the complete SHAP programme took two years and involved: teachers university academics physicists and engineers working in industry publishers examination organisations sponsors

12. We researched a large number of contexts. We selected 11 for further development. Criteria for selecting contexts interest variety physics content at right level focus on 1-2 main areas of physics activities for students authentic data available

13. Principles for developing complete programme Progression in physics Progression in maths Variety and choice Activities for students Reliability Wider context

14. Progression in physics 1-3 main physics areas in each chapter Smooth progression Links between chapters Be selective. Do not try to cover all the physics relating to the context.

15. Progression in maths Include notes on basic maths Develop more advanced maths where needed Variety and choice Offer a range of activities Encourage teachers and students to select

16. Activities for students Use contexts are starting points Test activities to make sure they work Use authentic data Include simple activities

17. How do archaeologists decide where to dig? How can specimens be examined and analysed? Digging up the Past An example of a context-led chapter using archaeology

18. We researched several areas before deciding what to include Dating Thermoluminescence Carbon-14 Tree rings Artefact analysis X-rays Mass spectrometry Microscopy Spectroscopy Site surveying Geomagnetic survey Resistive survey Ground-based radar

19. This is what we chose to include Context Physics Comments Resistive survey of an archaeological site DC electric circuits Resistivity Modelling electrical properties Potential divider Builds on the Space Technology chapter X-rays in archaeology Electromagnetic spectrum X-ray absorption and penetration X-ray diffraction Builds on the Space Technology and Music chapters Microscopes in archaeology Resolving power and wavelength Electron waves

20. Site surveying dc circuits resistivity X-ray analysis of artefacts electromagnetic spectrum diffraction and superposition

21. Microscopic analysis resolution electron diffraction Archaeologists at work detecting fakes and hoaxes digging sensitive sites

22. Exploring the site A survey reveals areas of high and low resistivity that may indicate buried structures

23. SHAP students review earlier work on dc circuits measure resistance and resistivity compare resistivity of various materials display data on a log scale use a simple theoretical model to explain resistivity make and use potential divider circuits discuss ethical issues about digging sensitive sites

24. Analysing an artefact X-radiographs can reveal hidden features

25. X-ray diffraction help can identify chemical composition

26. SHAP students review earlier work on electromagnetic radiation learn about properties of X-rays review earlier work on waves use ripple tanks and lasers to explore diffraction and interference learn about X-ray power photography use X-ray data to deduce information about an artefact

27. Taking a closer look Microscopes can provide useful information about very small artefacts such as clothing fibres For some objects, such as pollen grains, electron microscopes are needed

28. SHAP students measure the resolving power of their own eyes learn how diffraction limits resolving power review earlier work on wave-particle duality (photons, waves) explore electron diffraction

29. SHAP publications AS (1 st year) AS Student Book ISBN 978 1 4058 9602 3 AS Teacher and Technician Resource Pack ISBN 978 1 4058 9603 0 A2 (2 nd year) A2 Student Book ISBN 978 1 4082 0586 0 A2 Teacher and Technician Resource Pack ISBN 978 1 4082 0587 7 Go to www.amazon.com and search by ISBN or call +44 800 579579